Influence of Sleep Deprivation and Auditory Intensity on Reaction Time and Response Force

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Włodarczyk ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Nowik
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Auditory Intensity ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Sleep Deficit

Arousal and activation are two variables supposed to underlie change in response force. This study was undertaken to explain these roles, specifically, for strong auditory stimuli and sleep deficit. Loud auditory stimuli can evoke phasic over-arousal whereas sleep deficit leads to general underarousal. Moreover, Van der Molen and Keuss. (1979, 1981) showed that paradoxically long reaction times occurred with extremely strong auditory stimuli when the task was difficult, e.g., choice reaction or Simon paradigm. It was argued that this paradoxical behavior related to reaction time is due to active disconnecting of the coupling between arousal and activation to prevent false responses. If so, we predicted that for extremely loud stimuli and for difficult tasks, the lengthening of reaction time should be associated with reduction of response force. The effects of loudness and sleep deficit on response time and force were investigated in three different tasks: simple response, choice response, and Simon paradigm. According to our expectation, we found a detrimental effect of sleep deficit on reaction time and on response force. In contrast to Van der Molen and Keuss, we found no increase in reaction time for loud stimuli (up to 110 dB) even on the Simon task.

Effect of Sleep Deficit, Knowledge of Results, and Stimulus Quality on Reaction Time and Response Force

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Force Amplitude ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
Compensatory Effect

Some recent findings suggested that response force measured during reaction time experiments might reflect changes in activation. We performed an experiment in which the effect of sleep deprivation, knowledge of results, and stimulus quality on response force was studied in simple and choice reaction tasks. As expected, both simple and choice reaction times increased with sleep deficit. Further, simple and choice reactions were faster with knowledge of results and slowed down when stimulus quality was degraded. As sleep deprivation affects both arousal and activation, we expected a detrimental effect of sleep on force amplitude. On the other hand, knowledge of results was expected to increase force by its compensatory effect on arousal and activation. No effect of sleep deprivation on response force was found. Knowledge of results increased response force independently of sleep deprivation.

Functional Locus of Intensity Effects in Choice Reaction Time Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Izabela Szumska ◽  
Edyta Sasin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Functional Locus ◽  
Readiness Potentials

Long reaction times (RT) paradoxically occur with extremely loud auditory stimuli ( Van der Molen & Keuss, 1979 , 1981 ) or with ultrabright and large visual stimuli ( Jaśkowski & Włodarczyk, 2006 ) when the task requires a response choice. Van der Molen and Keuss (1981 ) hypothesized that this effect results from an arousal-driven elongation of response-selection processes. We tested this hypothesis using visual stimuli and chronopsychophysiological markers. The results showed that the latency of both early (P1 recorded at Oz) and late (P300) evoked potentials decreased monotonically with intensity. In contrast, the latency of stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) abruptly increased for the most intense stimuli, thus mirroring the reaction time–intensity relationship. Response-locked LRPs revealed no dependency on intensity. These findings suggest that the processes responsible for the van der Molen-Keuss effect influence processing stages that are completed before the onset of LRP. The van der Molen-Keuss effect likely occurs later than those represented by early sensory potentials. This is in keeping with the hypothesis of van der Molen-Keuss.

Some Factors Affecting Reaction Times to Auditory Stimuli in Mental Patients

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (419) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
E. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Personal Equation ◽  
Work Up

A number of studies on reaction time (R.T.) latency to visual and auditory stimuli in psychotic patients has been reported since the first investigations on the personal equation were carried out. The general trends from the work up to 1943 are well summarized by Hunt (1944), while Granger's (1953) review of “Personality and visual perception” contains a summary of the studies on R.T. to visual stimuli.

Evidence for an Integrative Role of P3b in Linking Reaction to Perception

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Verleger ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Edmund Wascher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
P3 Component

Abstract. Hypotheses about the P3 component of the event-related EEG potential have usually assumed that P3b reflects some processing independent from organizing the response. In contrast, the notion that P3b is related to a decision process implies some mediating function between stimulus and response. If P3b does indeed reflect the link between perceptual processing and response preparation (1) amplitudes should be as large in response-locked averages as in stimulus-locked averages, (2) this should be true independent of response speed, for separate subaverages of slow and fast responses, and (3) latencies should vary across response speed both in stimulus-locked and in response-locked averages. These hypotheses were tested in data evoked by visual and auditory stimuli in choice-response tasks. All three predictions were confirmed. In contrast to this balanced relation to perception and responding, fronto-central P3 with auditory stimuli was stimulus-related and, for comparison, the peak amplitudes of both the response-force and of the lateralized readiness potential were response-related. We conclude that P3b reflects a process that mediates between perceptual analysis and response initiation, possibly monitoring whether the decision to classify some stimulus is appropriately transformed into action.

Decisions concerning the Rejected Channel

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Verbal Messages

It was thought that the physical aspects of auditory stimuli were possibly transmitted via separate pathways from those transmitting the verbal aspects. Three experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. In these experiments subjects had to perform a shadowing task and had to respond simultaneously on response keys to pips superimposed in either ear on verbal messages. The response to these pips was of increasing complexity, in that it was a simple reaction time which was measured in the first experiment, a choice reaction time in the second experiment and a more complex choice reaction time in the third experiment. Subjects were able to perform these tests although the increasing difficulty was reflected in longer reaction times and more errors. The reaction times to the pips presented to the ear which was not being shadowed were slower, and the errors, made to pips in both channels, were “false positives” rather than errors of omission. These results were taken as favouring the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Prospecting the use of reaction times, response force and partial response force to estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Dezwaef ◽  
Wouter Dossche ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Jelle Demanet ◽  
Timothy Desmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dependent Variables

The present study employed an explicit reaction time task but measured several underlying cognitive processes in an attempt to provide implicit estimates of consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP). Participants were asked to evaluate product-price combinations as cheap or expensive. The prices of the products ranged from very cheap to very expensive. Crucially, participants had to complete the task under time pressure while the dependent variables of interest could not be influenced deliberately. This is because we explored whether the magnitude of the price stimulus interfered with the reaction times (RTs), response force (RF) and partial responses (PRs). The results of our study demonstrated that both RTs and RF are influenced by the magnitude of the price and it is postulated that these dependent measures indeed have the potential to investigate consumers’ WTP. Future studies need to further investigate the possibilities of these implicit variables and validate eventual estimates.

Metrics for quantifying cognitive factors that may underlie individual variation in exoskeleton use

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Aditi Gupta ◽  
Ryan McKindles ◽  
Leia Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Strategy Parameters ◽  
Outcome Metrics

Individual differences in adaptation to exoskeletons have been observed, but are not well understood. Kinematic, kinetic, and physiologic factors are commonly used to assess these systems. Parameters from experimental psychology and gait literature wereadapted to probe the lower extremity perception-cognition-action loop using measures of reaction times, gait task performance, and gait strategy. Parameters were measured in 15 subjects via two tasks: (1) a modified Simon task and (2) a speed-achievement task with secondary go/no-go cues on a self-paced treadmill. Outcome metrics were assessed for significantly different intra- versus inter-subject variability. Reaction time measures from the modified Simon task, as well two speed-achievement metrics and one gait-strategy characteristic we re found to show significant differenc es in intra- versus inter-subject variability. These results suggest that select cognitive factors may differentiate between individuals and be potential predictors for individual variation during exoskeleton system operation.

Impending Electrical Shock Can Affect Response Force in a Simple Reaction Task

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Marek Wróblewski ◽  
Dorota Hojan-Jezierska
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Reaction Task

For 20 subjects reaction times and force of response were measured on a simple reaction time task to visual stimuli while activation was manipulated by occasionally delivering a noninformative electrical shock. In blocks in which shocks were delivered, forces of response were larger than those in control blocks without shocks. The results are discussed in terms of Sanders' mode! of stress.

scholarly journals Reaction Times for Esport Competitors and Traditional Physical Athletes are Faster than Noncompetitive Peers

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anh Luu ◽  
Avory Winans ◽  
Rema Suniga ◽  
Vicki A. Motz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
College Football ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Post Hoc

Reaction time (RT), time to respond to a stimulus, has been shown to be faster among traditional physical athletes and esport competitors than nonathletes/noncompetitors; however, no comparison has been made between traditional physical athletes and esport competitors. This research examined RTs of healthy 18 to 22 year-old college football athletes, esport competitors, and a control group (n = 12 for each group). RT (ms) to visual (color cue test, ruler drop test), auditory (sound cue test), and tactile stimuli (probe grabbing test) was collected in duplicate. RTs for individual tests and calculated composite RTs were compared between groups by ANOVA and post hoc t-tests. RTs to auditory stimuli were significantly slower than to visual or tactile stimuli (F(140, 3) = 286.5, p = 0.0000). Esport competitors significantly outperformed noncompetitive controls in probe grabbing (p = 0.0175) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0016). Football players had similar faster RTs in probe grabbing (p = 0.0002) and ruler drop tests (p = 0.0013) compared to controls. Esport competitors also had significantly faster RTs in the color cue test than controls (p = 0.05). Although esport competitors and football athletes had faster composite RTs than controls (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0104, respectively), RTs between esport competitors and football athletes were not significantly different. A trend was seen in that esport competitors had faster RTs than football athletes in all tests except probe grabbing. Involvement in esports or football is positively correlated with faster RT, although it is not demonstrated whether play improves RT or those with inherently faster RTs tend to excel in activities requiring rapid response.

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