Social Characteristics of States Which Do Not Prohibit Assisted-Suicide

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-654
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
State Population ◽  
American States

In American states in the 1980s, the prohibition of assisted-suicide was associated only with a factor related to the age of the state population.

The Way Assisted Suicide Is Legalised: Balancing a Medical Framework against a Demedicalised Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien Delbeke
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
American States ◽  
Medical Approach

AbstractTo date, in three European countries and three American states — i.e., the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Switzerland, and the states of Oregon, Washington and Montana — it is permitted by law for one person to assist in the suicide of another person. When comparing the legislations of these countries/states, it becomes apparent that the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Oregon, Washington and Montana have chosen a medical approach (the so-called medical model), whereas the Swiss legal framework for assisted suicide is clearly a non-medical one (the demedicalised model). The differences between these two models mainly concern two aspects: the requirement as to the capacity of the person providing assistance in suicide and the condition regarding the state of health of the person committing suicide. A closer view on the practice of assisted suicide in the depenalising countries shows that the differences are smaller than initially thought. Nevertheless, important distinctions still remain. When analysing which model is most preferable, it is concluded that an involvement of a physician is inevitable and necessary and that the requirement of a certain medical condition is needed to set a clear and objective limit.

Understanding the Adoption of Voter Identification Laws in the American States

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Biggers ◽  
Michael J. Hanmer
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Event History ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
American States ◽  
History Analysis

Recently, many states have reversed the decades-long trend of facilitating ballot access by enacting a wave of laws requesting or requiring identification from registrants before they vote. Identification laws, however, are not an entirely new phenomenon. We offer new theoretical insights regarding how changes in political power influence the adoption of identification laws. In the most extensive analysis to date, we use event history analysis to examine why states adopted a range of identification laws over the past several decades. We consistently find that the propensity to adopt is greatest when control of the governor’s office and legislature switches to Republicans (relationships not previously identified), and that this likelihood increases further as the size of Black and Latino populations in the state expands. We also find that federal legislation in the form of the Help America Vote Act seems to enhance the effects of switches in partisan control.

Between Legitimation and Decentralisation

2016 ◽  
pp. 400-440
Author(s):  
Gustavo Xavier Bonifaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Party System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
American States ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper aims at answering why a country that shared, with other Latin American states, a centralist tradition that was even strengthened in the aftermath of its 1952 revolution, became one of the most radical and complex decentralisers in the region. The present is a country case study in which, using a process-tracing analysis, the evolution of decentralisation in Bolivia will be explained up to its current complex structure from a perspective of the relationship between political legitimation under competitive elections and the way in which the party system processed longstanding tensions between the state and different segments of society.

When the State Hates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
The State ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Private Actor ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
American States ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
Institutional Action ◽  
Repressive Regime

This chapter considers the liberal state not as an opponent, but as a perpetrator, of hate. It explores the possibility that the liberal state might express or enact, through policies or institutional action or design, something we would recognize as hate if it were perpetrated by a private actor or a repressive regime. The chapter takes as a case study the regime of “enforcement by attrition” deployed against undocumented immigrants by American states such as Arizona, analyzing both the features and the distinctive disavowals that characterize liberal state hate. It then argues that the liberal, democratic character of the state supplies more than a subterfuge for state hate: it can provide a resource that enables targeted groups and their allies to resist state hate.

scholarly journals Improving the environmental assessment of objects in the system of construction engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Environmental Criteria

The problem of maintaining the proper level of environmental safety in urban areas currently is not yet fully resolved. In this case, a special role at the level of impact on the environment is played by the industry of design, construction and operation of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes. To solve this issue in our research, we identified and systematized the main characteristics of the groups, which largely determine the state of both individual objects of the urban environment and urban economy, and urbanized territories as a whole. As a result, groups of environmental, economic and social characteristics were obtained. In addition, we paid attention to the distribution of the importance of the evaluation criteria regarding the type of functional zone of the urbanized territory. Further in the article, we proposed to determine the environmental criteria based on the characteristics of the state of individual components of the surrounding urban environment and the characteristics of economic activity in the territory under consideration, causing qualitative changes in the state of this environment. Our research allows us to identify the dominant importance of the environmental criteria for a specific urbanized area and the need to take it into account at the initial design stage. At further stages, we intend to conduct scientific research to derive a dimensionless indicator based on the environmental criteria described above with the further development of an appropriate methodology, which will allow us to assess comprehensively the degree of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes impact on the environmental safety of urbanized territories and develop appropriate measures for its optimization and reduction.

Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Weltanschauungsrecht

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aktuelle Entwicklungen ◽  
Freedom Of Belief ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Secular State

This groundbreaking volume on secular law in Germany brings together scholars on a variety of topics regarding the separation of the state and religion. It conducts in-depth legal analyses dealing with a wide range of recent cases in which the rule of law and the neutral role of the secular state were put at risk by religious politics. The book’s 21 essays cover topics such as human rights, the constitutional roots of the secular state, freedom of belief and non-belief, medically assisted suicide, sexual self-determination, abortion, genital mutilation, criminal prosecution in the Catholic Church’s sex abuse scandal, the collection of church taxes by the state based on baptisms of infants and minors, the collection of special church fees from atheists and Muslims by the state, church labour law, discrimination against members of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster and Islamic veils in state schools. With contributions by editors and authors Dr. Gerhard Czermak | RiBGH Prof. Dr. Ralf Eschelbach | Dr. Carsten Frerk | Prof. Dr. Michael Hassemer | Johann-Albrecht Haupt | Prof. Dr. Rolf Dietrich Herzberg | Prof. Dr. Matthias Franz | Dr. Volker Korndörfer | Prof. Dr. Hartmut Kreß | Ingrid Matthäus-Maier | RA Dr. Till Müller-Heidelberg | Prof. Dr. Reinhard Merkel | RA Ludwig A. Minelli | Dr. Jacqueline Neumann | Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Ulfrid Neumann | Prof. Dr. Holm Putzke | RA Dr. Winfried Rath | StaatsMin a.D. Diplom-Jurist Rolf Schwanitz | Prof. Dr. Jörg Scheinfeld | Dr. Michael Schmidt-Salomon | Sarah Willenbacher

Honduras transparency body may fail to meet demands

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
American States ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Training

Subject A new anti-corruption body has been put in place in Honduras. Significance On January 19, the Organization of American States (OAS) signed an agreement with Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez to set up an anti-corruption mission in the country. The mission, known as the Mission for Support against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras (MACCIH), will work to improve the judicial process with particular focus on anti-corruption cases. Impacts The MACCIH is likely to trigger protests by groups who wanted a different type of international mission. Vested interests within the state will see attempts to divert the mission's attention to corruption networks outside of state institutions. Cleaning up and training the judiciary will be a key aim for the MACCIH, but will be met with resistance from long-serving judges. The failure of the MACCIH could undermine the credibility of the OAS both within Honduras and more widely.

Stemming the Tide: Assisted Suicide and the Constitution

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Coleman ◽  
Tracy E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
State Level ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
The State ◽  
Equal Protection ◽  
State Court ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Equal Protection Clause ◽  
The Right

On November 8, 1994, Oregon became the first state in the nation to legalize assisted suicide. Passage of Proposition 16 was a milestone in the campaign to make assisted suicide a legal option. The culmination of years of effort, the Oregon vote followed on the heels of failed referenda in California and Washington, and other unsuccessful attempts to enact state laws guaranteeing the right to suicide assistance. Indeed, in 1993, four states passed laws strengthening or clarifying their ban against assisted suicide. No doubt, Proposition 16 is likely to renew the effort to legalize assisted suicide at the state level.The battle over assisted suicide is also unfolding in the courts. Litigation challenging Proposition 16 on the grounds that it violates the equal protection clause is ongoing in Oregon. More significantly, three cases, two in federal courts and one in Michigan state court, have been brought to establish assisted suicide as a constitutionally protected right.

A Right to Assist? Assisted Dying and the Interim Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Ben Livings
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
The State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Potential Challenge

There are few more controversial, or emotive, debates within the criminal law than that which surrounds the topic of euthanasia, questioning as it does the fundamental role of the law in regulating the most intimate aspects of a person's life and death. The acknowledgement by the courts (notably in the cases of Diane Pretty and Debbie Purdy) that this area engages a person's rights under the European Convention on Human Rights exacerbates the urgency of the problem, and further nuances the debate as to the extent to which the autonomy of the person is impinged upon, and whether this is a function legitimately exercised by the state. In the wake of the announcement of new guidelines for prosecution in cases of assisted suicide, this article examines the state of the law regarding assisted suicide in England and Wales, and the fragile position of euthanasia within the criminal law. It will look to the various, and often rights-based, challenges to the law, and in particular a potential challenge through Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

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