Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Performance in Tae Kwon-Do

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1275-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Chapman ◽  
Andrew M. Lane ◽  
John H. Brierley ◽  
Peter C. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tae Kwon Do ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
And Performance

142 male Tae Kwon-do competitors completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 about 1 hr. before competition. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the players who won reported lower cognitive and somatic anxiety and higher self-confidence than those who lost. Discriminant function analysis indicated that 89 (62.68%) participants could be correctly classified as winners or losers on the basis of their precompetition Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 scores. The findings concur with previous research in karate.

Measures of Anxiety among Tennis Players in Singles and Doubles Matches

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Terry ◽  
Jennifer A. Cox ◽  
Andrew M. Lane ◽  
Costas I. Karageorghis
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Outcome Scores

Male and female tennis players ( N = 100) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 about 1 hr. before playing singles and doubles matches. Multivariate analysis of variance of anxiety and self-confidence responses by match result indicated that winners of singles matches bad significantly lower scores on Cognitive Anxiety and higher ones on Self-confidence than losers. Winners of doubles matches had significantly higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Discriminant function analysis indicated that 72% of results for singles matches and 70% of results for doubles matches could be correctly classified from responses to the precompetition measures. A comparison of anxiety responses by playing condition indicated that, irrespective of the match outcome, scores on Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety were higher and scores on Self-confidence were lower before playing singles than before playing doubles. The findings suggest that precompetition scores on measures of anxiety provide significant indicators of performance in tennis but that responses vary for singles and doubles play.

Discriminant Effectiveness of Psychological State Measures in Predicting Performance Outcome in Karate Competition

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Terry ◽  
Andrew Slade
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Predicting Performance

Male Shotokan karate players (karateka) ( N = 208) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Profile of Mood States about 40 minutes before a competition. Single-factor multivariate analysis of variance of preperformance mood and anxiety scores indicated significant differences between winning and losing competitors. Winners scored higher on Vigor, Anger, and Self-confidence, and lower on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, Confusion, Cognitive Anxiety, and Somatic Anxiety. Discriminant function analysis showed that 91.96% of participants could be correctly classified as winners or losers on the basis of preperformance mood scores. This figure rose to 93.47% when scores on the anxiety subscales were also included in the discriminant function analysis. Anxiety scores alone produced 78.89% discrimination. Mood profiles for winning karateka were in line with the “mental health” profile of Morgan except for above-average scores on Anger. This result supports the view of McGowan and Miller that anger may facilitate performance in karate competition. The capacity of measures of psychological state to discriminate performance exceeds previous reports, suggesting that karate performance may be exceptionally mood-dependent. These results suggest that interventions which increase scores on Vigor and Anger and reduce scores on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, and Confusion may be particularly efficacious for Shotokan karate performance.

Injury, Anxiety, and Mood in Competitive Gymnasts

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Kolt ◽  
Robert J. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Psychological factors related to injury were investigated in 115 competitive gymnasts. The subjects were administered the Profile of Mood States-Bipolar Form (POMS-BI) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). Direct discriminant function analysis showed that the best predictors for distinguishing between gymnasts with four or more injuries and those with fewer than four injuries were CSAI-2 Cognitive Anxiety and the POMS-BI Composed-Anxious and Energetic-Tired scores. The more-injured gymnasts were more anxious and tired, and reported higher scores on the CSAI-2 Cognitive Anxiety scale. Males could be differentiated from females by scores on the CSAI-2 Self-confidence and the POMS-BI Composed-Anxious, Confident-Unsure, Energetic-Tired, and Clearheaded-Confused scales. The female gymnasts were more anxious, unsure, tired, and confused, and reported lower levels of CSAI-2 Self-confidence. The findings were interpreted as further evidence of the anxiety-injury link in athletes.

Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

scholarly journals Discriminant Function Analysis of Foramen Magnum Variables in South Indian Population: A Study of Computerised Tomographic Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. P. Vinutha ◽  
V. Suresh ◽  
R. Shubha
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
South Indian

Background and Objectives. The foramen magnum as a transition area between skull and spine plays an important role as a landmark, because of its close relationship to vital structures such as the brain and spinal cord. Configuration and size of the foramen magnum play an important role for assessing craniovertebral relations. The objectives of the present study are to find out shape and dimensions of foramen magnum in cranial CT scans. All the variables were evaluated by using discriminant function analysis. Materials and Methods. The study sample comprised 200 CT scans (110 males and 90 females) of south Indian origin. The shapes of the foramen magnum were classified into 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular (A), and irregular (B). The parameters were noted meticulously and the statistical analysis for sex comparison was made by Student’s t-test and was considered significant whenever P≤0.05. To determine the relationships between the studied parameters, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Results. The foramen magnum was classified into 8 types based on shape. Commonest was oval and pentagonal was the least common type. The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, circumference, and area were significantly greater in males than in females (P<0.001). The mean FM index of male CT scans was 85.01 ± 8.67, whereas in case of female CT scans, it was 83.17 ± 7.78. With all the variables in consideration, overall 65% of cranial CT scans were sexed correctly by using multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of FM should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, and so on. The multivariate analysis is by far the best method for determination of sex of cranium with available resources.

Discriminant Effectiveness of Psychological State Measures in Predicting Selection during Field Hockey Trials

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Terry ◽  
Emma L. Youngs
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Hockey Players

Field hockey players ( N=128) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Profile of Mood States about 45 min. before a British Universities trial. Single-factor multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between selected and nonselected players for any preperformance mood or anxiety measure. Discriminant function analysis showed that 74 participants (57.81%) could be correctly classified as selected or nonselected players on the basis of preperformance mood scores. This figure rose to 83 participants (64.84%) when scores on the anxiety subscales were also included in the discriminant function analysis. Anxiety scores alone discriminated 71 participants (55.47%). These results concur with earlier proposals of Terry that psychological state measures decline in predictive effectiveness in long duration, open skill team sports.

Interrelations of Trait and State Anxiety with Game Performance of Rugby Players

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Maynard ◽  
Bruce L. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Rugby Players

The Martens' Sport Competition Anxiety and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 tests were administered to 22 male university rugby players to assess the relationship between the tests and their effectiveness in predicting game performance. The Sport Competition Anxiety Test was completed early in the season and the State Anxiety Inventory an hour before two games during a tournament. A multiple regression between the Competitive Anxiety Test and the three subscales of the Sport Anxiety Inventory-2 showed a significant relationship between the Competitive Anxiety Test and the single subscale of somatic anxiety. A separate multiple regression with performance as the criterion variable produced no significant findings. A significant correlation was noted between somatic anxiety and performance for those players who performed below their normal ability. The significant increase in self-confidence between games may have been detrimental to the performance of the team.

A Comparison of Imagery Used by Dance Teachers, Figure Skating Coaches, and Soccer Coaches

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnette Young Overby ◽  
Craig Hall ◽  
Ian Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Dance Teachers ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
And Performance

Many dance teachers and coaches use mental imagery in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of their teaching and coaching. Coaches and dance teachers often direct athletes/dancers to use imagery during practice, competition, and performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the imagery used by dance teachers, figure skating coaches, and soccer coaches. Forty-nine subjects were given the Imagery Use Questionnaire for coaches and dance instructors. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the questions pertaining specifically to imagery use. Correlational analyses were conducted on selected items, and t-tests were undertaken on all imagery use items to examine differences in responses between dance teachers, figure skating coaches, and soccer coaches. Variables were then selected on the basis of the correlation analyses and t-tests for inclusion in a discriminant function analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to reveal on which variables in the questionnaire the groups were most distinctly different. The results indicated that on several variables (use of kinesthetic imagery, metaphorical imagery) there were significant differences in the manner in which dance teachers, figure skating coaches, and soccer coaches used mental imagery.

The Relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette L. Craft ◽  
T. Michelle Magyar ◽  
Betsy J. Becker ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The multidimensional approach to the study of anxiety (Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990a) considers subcomponents of anxiety, specifically cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Much of the research based on this theory has utilized the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990b). Findings have been inconsistent, with some research suggesting that the three subcomponents have separate relationships with performance and other studies failing to find any relationship between the anxiety subcomponents and performance. This meta-analysis examined the effect of state anxiety as measured by the CSAI-2 (i.e., cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence) on athletic performance. Studies were coded for characteristics that could potentially moderate the effects of anxiety on performance (i.e., features of design, subjects, sport). Interdependency between the three subscales was examined using multivariate meta-analytic techniques (Becker & Schram, 1994). Relationships among cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and performance appeared weak. Exploratory modeling showed that self-confidence displayed the strongest and most consistent relationship with performance.

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