Are Children with down Syndrome Less Careful in Performing a Tray-Carrying Task Than Children with other Types of Mental Retardation?

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Kokubun
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome

Comparison of Postural Control of Children with down Syndrome and Those with other Forms of Mental Retardation

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Kokubun ◽  
Takashi Shinmyo ◽  
Mizue Ogita ◽  
Keiichi Morita ◽  
Masaki Furuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Center Of Foot Pressure ◽  
The Mean

To confirm the 1994 findings of Okuzumi, Haishi, and Kokubun, the displacement of the center of foot pressure, one-foot balance and bead sway were measured in children with Down syndrome ( n = 11) compared to those with other types of mental retardation ( n = 17). The magnitudes of the displacement of the center of foot pressure and head sway were not significantly different between the Down group and other forms of mental retardation, whereas the performance of one-foot balance was significantly lower in the Down group. The mean frequencies of sway waves were generally higher in the Down group, and the differences between the two groups were significant except for sagittal head sway. The results generally supported the prior findings. We proposed that it was not the magnitude of the displacement of the center of foot pressure but rather the manner of the whole body's sway which might be related to postural control.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI ORANGTUA UNTUK ANAK PENDERITA DOWN SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Isnawijayani Isnawijayani
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Syndrome Child

The purpose of this study illustrate the Children who are born with disabilities or mental retardation. Has characteristics that are easily recognizable as mental retardation (mental obstacles), visual impairment (visual barriers), hearing impairment (hearing barriers), physical impairment (disability). Seen as a useless person. Not many people know that they can also be self-sufficient and achievement. Communication with parents to see children with Down Syndrome. With descriptive qualitative methods, this study using the Theory of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) on Ivar O.Lavass to change deviant behavior to control the behavior of children with Down syndrome. organize a matter of habit and teaching capabilities required to accept the way of communication and behavior in the family. The author has observed a child with Down syndrome by interviewing parents plus a look at the achievements that can be achieved Down syndrome children. It turned out that the success of Down syndrome children participate in daily life activities, introduced like a normal person, respond to and appreciated. Communication with mercy and patience and practice areas of interest, can make a Down syndrome child independently, achieving even be the name of the nation. Tujuan penelitian ini menggambarkan Anak yang dilahirkan dengan berkebutuhan khusus atau down syndrome. Memilik karakteristik yang mudah dikenali dengan sebutan tunagrahita (hambatan mental), tunanetra (hambatan penglihatan), tunarungu (hambatan pendengaran), tunadaksa (cacat tubuh). Dipandang sebagai orang yang tidak berguna. Belum banyak yang mengetahui bahwa mereka ini juga dapat mandiri dan berprestasi. Dengan melihat Komunikasi orangtua terhadap anak penderita down Syndrom. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Applied BehaviourAnalysis (ABA) dari Ivar O.Lavass yangdapat mengubah perilaku menyimpang untuk mengontrol perilaku anak down syndrome. mengatur masalah kebiasaan dan mengajarkan kemampuan yang diperlukan dengan menerima cara komunikasi dan perilaku dalam keluarganya. Penulis mengamati seorang anak down syndrome dengan mewawancarai orangtuanya ditambah dengan melihat prestasi-prestasi yang dapat diraih anak-anak down syndrom. Ternyata keberhasilan anak down syndrome kesehariannya diikutsertakan dalam aktivitas kehidupan, dikenalkan layaknya orang normal, direspon dan dihargai. Dengan komunikasi kasihsayang dan kesabaran serta latihan bidang yang diminati, dapat menjadikan anak down syndrome mandiri, berprestasi bahkan dapat mengharumkan nama bangsa

scholarly journals TRADISI TAHLIL SEBAGAI TRADISI KULTURAL FENOMENA KEBERTERIMAAN TAHLIL DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Rudy Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of this study describes children born with special needs or Down syndrome. Having characteristics that are easily recognized as mental retardation (mental retardation), visual impairment (visual impairment), hearing impairment (hearing impairment), hearing impairment (disability). Seen as a useless person. Not many people know that they can also be independent and excel. By looking at the communication of parents of children with Down syndrome. With a qualitative descriptive method, this study uses the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Theory from Ivar O. Lavav which can change deviant behavior to control the behavior of children with Down syndrome. manage habitual problems and teach the skills needed by accepting communication and behavior in the family. The author observes a child with Down syndrome by interviewing his parents coupled with seeing the achievements that can be achieved by children with Down Syndrome. It turns out that the success of a child with Down syndrome in their daily lives is included in life activities, is introduced like a normal person, is responded to and respected. With love and patience communication and training in areas of interest, can make children with Down syndrome independent, achievers and can even make the nation proud. Tujuan penelitian ini menggambarkan Anak yang dilahirkan dengan berkebutuhan khusus atau down syndrome. Memilik karakteristik yang mudah dikenali dengan sebutan tunagrahita (hambatan mental), tunanetra (hambatan penglihatan), tunarungu (hambatan pendengaran), tunadaksa (cacat tubuh). Dipandang sebagai orang yang tidak berguna. Belum banyak yang mengetahui bahwa mereka ini juga dapat mandiri dan berprestasi. Dengan melihat Komunikasi orangtua terhadap anak penderita down Syndrom. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Applied BehaviourAnalysis (ABA) dari Ivar O.Lavass yangdapat mengubah perilaku menyimpang untuk mengontrol perilaku anak down syndrome. mengatur masalah kebiasaan dan mengajarkan kemampuan yang diperlukan dengan menerima cara komunikasi dan perilaku dalam keluarganya. Penulis mengamati seorang anak down syndrome dengan mewawancarai orangtuanya ditambah dengan melihat prestasi-prestasi yang dapat diraih anak-anak down syndrom. Ternyata keberhasilan anak down syndrome kesehariannya diikutsertakan dalam aktivitas kehidupan, dikenalkan layaknya orang normal, direspon dan dihargai. Dengan komunikasi kasihsayang dan kesabaran serta latihan bidang yang diminati, dapat menjadikan anak down syndrome mandiri, berprestasi bahkan dapat mengharumkan nama bangsa

scholarly journals Serum S100B and intelligence in children with Down syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-9
Author(s):  
Nurul Noviarisa ◽  
Eva Chundrayetti ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

Background Down syndrome is characterized by physical and mental retardation and caused by chromosome 21 (Hsa21) abnormalities. The S100B is a protein that is overproduced in Down syndrome due to overexpression of chromosome 21 genes. Comorbidities caused by S100B in Down syndrome are cognitive deterioration and early onset of dementia. Objective To assess for a possible association between S100B protein and intelligence levels in children with Down syndrome. Method This cross-sectional study included students in a special needs school in Padang, West Sumatera, who had the characteristic clinical features of Down syndrome and trisomy 21 by chromosome analysis. Examination of S100B levels was carried out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured using the 4th edition of the Wechlser Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) method. Results A total of 39 children with Down syndrome participated in the study. There were 25 children with mild mental retardation and 15 children with moderate-severe mental retardation. The mean S100B levels were not significantly different between groups [479.1 (SD 204) pg/mL in the mild mental retardation group and 458.7 (SD 158) pg/mL in the moderate-severe mental retardation group; P > 0.05]. The mean S100B level was significantly higher in subjects aged ≤ 10 years than in those aged > 10 years [566.9 (SD 210.0) pg/mL and 434.4 (SD 167.2) pg/mL, respectively (P<0.05)]. Conclusion There is no association between S100B and intelligence levels in children with Down syndrome. There is a significant association between higher S100B levels and younger age in children with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Layanan Pendidikan Bagi Anak Tunagrahita Dengan Tipe Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Novi Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Lateral Range ◽  
Retardation Function

One of abnormalities in children in terms of mental retardation is down syndrome. Down syndrome is a mental retardation disorder in which the IQ is below normal average. Children with down syndrome have mental retardation function of intellectuals in the range of middle inability with the lateral range of IQ is 40-45. The cause of down syndrome is the abnormalities of chromosome number 21 which is not properly composed of two chromosomes. In fact, there are three chromosomes (trisomy 21) that cause the children to experience the physical and intellectual malformation. Mental retardation children with down syndrome experience some barriers to achieve the developmental tasks of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. However, they can still develop a non-academic potency such as taking care of themselves, making friends, and appreciating others’ property rights. Children who grow up with the abnormalities like as down syndrome have the same rights to obtain adequate educational services. Therefore, some educational services programs that can be arranged for the children with mental retardation of down syndrome are classroom-supports and guidance for them through visual and graphic approaches, cues-prompts and scaffolding, technology-based learning, and music-based learning.            

Health Supervision for Children With Down Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Hip Dislocation ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Excess Skin ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

These guidelines are designed to assist the pediatrician in caring for the child in whom the diagnosis of Down syndrome has been confirmed by karyotype. Although the pediatrician's initial contact with the child is usually during infancy, occasionally the pregnant woman who has been given the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome will be referred for advice. Therefore, these guidelines offer advice for this situation as well. Children with Down syndrome have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to the presence of extra genetic material from chromosome 21. Although the phenotype is variable, usually there is enough consistency to enable the experienced clinician to suspect the diagnosis. Among the more common physical features are hypotonia, small brachycephalic head, epicanthic folds, flat nasal bridge, upward slanting palpebral fissures, Brushfield spots, small mouth, small ears, excess skin at the nape of the neck, single transverse palmar crease, and short fifth finger with clinodactyly. A wide space, often with a deep fissure, between the first and second toes is also common. The degree of mental retardation is variable, ranging from mild (IQ, 50 to 70) to moderate (IQ, 35 to 50), and only occasionally to severe (IQ, 20 to 35). There is an increased risk of congenital heart disease (50%); leukemia (&lt;1%); deafness (75%); serous otitis media (50% to 70%); Hirschsprung disease (&lt;1%); gastrointestinal atresias (12%); eye disease (60%), including cataracts (15%) and severe refractive errors (50%); acquired hip dislocation (6%); and thyroid disease (15%). Social quotient may be improved with early intervention techniques.

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