Suicide Risk and Personality Traits in Physically and/or Sexually Abused Acute Psychiatric Inpatients: A Preliminary Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Zoltán Rihmer ◽  
David Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

The aim of the present study was to analyze hopelessness and the affective temperament profile and MMPI characteristics among suicidal and nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients with or without childhood physical and sexual abuse. The participants were 62 acute psychiatric inpatients (14 men, 48 women) admitted to the Sant'Andrea Hospital's psychiatric ward in Rome. Participants were administered the Italian versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Italian Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego–Autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS-A–Rome), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The suicide risk was evaluated by 6 items of the MMPI–2 assessing suicidal intent. Patients with physical/sexual abuse reported high Hopelessness and differed from nonabused patients on several temperamental and personality traits. Patients who reported bruises or marks caused by physical abuse by family members were 9 times more likely to be at higher risk for suicide; those who reported having been punished with a belt or other hard objects were 20 times more likely to be at higher risk for suicide, and those who reported having been insulted by family members were 6 times more likely to be at higher risk for suicide than patients who denied such abuse experiences. Results suggest that clinicians who identify suicide attempts and suicidal tendencies among patients should routinely be assessed for sexual or physical abuse.

Deficits in Mentalization Predict Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pompili ◽  
M. Innamorati ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
P. Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health issue.ObjectivesMentalization is a form of imaginative mental activity about others or oneself that may shed light on the phenomenology of suicide.AimsTo assess the role of a number of variables in suicide risk.MethodsParticipants were 156 (73 men and 83 women) adult psychiatric inpatients (age range = 18/74 year). Most of the patients had a major mood disorder (26.3% BD-I, 3.2% BD-II, and 11.5 MDD), psychosis (16.7%), or a schizoaffective disorder (20.5%). All the patients were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing diagnosis and suicide risk, and the Impact of event scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Some patients (18.6%) were admitted for a recent suicide attempt and 34.6% had attempted suicide in the past.ResultsAt the MINI, 44.9% of the patients resulted at a moderate to high risk of suicide, and 55.1% at no or low risk of suicide with no difference for sociodemographic variables (sex and age) and diagnosis, but they differed for mentalization and symptoms of intrusions and avoidance caused by a traumatic event. Groups also did not differ for self-reported childhood trauma. Only mentalization was independently associated with higher suicide risk, and patients with moderate to severe risk of suicide were 1.7 times more likely to report more mentalization deficits than those with no or low risk of suicide.ConclusionsOur study supports the notion that the investigation of mentalization among patients may help in proper assessment of suicide risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Examining the Association Between the MMPI-2-RF Triarchic Psychopathy Scales and Suicidality in a Criminal Defendant Sample

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Tylicki ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Yossef S. Ben-Porath
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Criminal Defendant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
General Association

Prior research has shown that psychopathic personality traits are differentially related to suicide risk, and limited literature also suggests the potential that such risk manifests differently across sex. The current study sought to examine whether sex moderated associations between domains from the triarchic model of psychopathy, a comprehensive perspective of psychopathy, and various suicide variables. Our sample included 1,064 criminal defendants (760 males, 304 females), who had been administered the MMPI-2-RF, from which triarchic psychopathy scales were scored. Suicide-related variables, including current suicidal ideation during interview, history of previous suicide attempts, and number of previous suicide attempts, were reliably obtained from clinical records. The MMPI-2-RF SUI (Suicide/Death Ideation) scale was also examined as a psychometric operationalization of suicidality. Results provided evidence for the general association between psychopathy-related traits and suicide-related outcomes in a manner consistent with the literature. However, these associations did not differ as a function of sex.

scholarly journals Association of childhood maltreatment with internalising and externalising disorders in trauma-exposed adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh L. Van den Heuvel ◽  
Milo Koning ◽  
Jani Nöthling ◽  
Soraya Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Externalising Disorders ◽  
Internalising Disorders ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Introduction: South African adolescents experience high levels of trauma, including various types of childhood maltreatment. Different types of maltreatment often co-occur. Previous research suggests that childhood maltreatment provokes a latent liability to internalising and externalising dimensions of psychopathology. Our objective was to examine the effects of childhood maltreatment on internalising and externalising disorders in trauma-exposed adolescents and to assess the mediating effect of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on these associations.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 262 trauma exposed adolescents (aged 12–18 years) in South Africa. Childhood maltreatment and PTSD severity were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Checklist, respectively. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed utilising the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Present and Lifetime version – and were grouped into internalising and externalising disorders. Hierarchal logistic regression was used to assess the association between childhood maltreatment types and internalising and externalising disorders, controlling for statistically significant socio-demographic characteristics, with PTSD severity added to the final model as a potential mediator.Results: Sexual abuse was significantly associated with internalising disorders (B = 0.07, p = 0.011), although this effect was mediated by PTSD severity (B = 0.05, p = 0.001; not included as an internalising disorder). In contrast, physical abuse (B = 0.09, p = 0.004) and gender (B = 0.70, p = 0.035) were associated with externalising disorders, but the addition of PTSD severity did not significantly alter these associations.Conclusion: The association between sexual abuse and internalising disorders was fully mediated by PTSD symptom severity. Gender and physical abuse severity, but not PTSD severity, was associated with the presence of externalising disorders. Adolescents displaying internalising or externalising psychopathology need to be assessed for exposure to childhood physical and sexual abuse and PTSD comorbidity.

History of Trauma and Attempted Suicide Among Women in a Primary Care Setting

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Wiederman ◽  
Randy A. Sansone ◽  
Lori A. Sansone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Neglect

The results of past research have demonstrated apparent links between suicidality and a history of sexual abuse or physical abuse. However, the relative predictive power of such abuse histories in explaining suicidality remains unknown, as does the potential relationship between suicidality and emotional abuse, physical neglect, and witnessing violence. In the current study, 151 women who presented for nonemergent medical care indicated whether they had experienced each of five types of abuse and whether they had ever attempted suicide. Similar to past research, increased rates of having attempted suicide were evident among women who had been sexually or physically abused. Rates of past suicide attempts were also higher among those who had experienced emotional abuse or had witnessed violence. However, many women indicated having experienced multiple forms of trauma. In a multivariate analysis, only sexual abuse and physical abuse were uniquely predictive of having attempted suicide. Results are discussed with regard to the potential importance of bodily intrusiveness during abuse as most predictive of subsequent suicidality.

Are Demoralization and Insight Involved in Suicide Risk? An Observational Study on Psychiatric Inpatients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isabella Berardelli ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Salvatore Sarubbi ◽  
Elena Rogante ◽  
Denise Erbuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Demoralization Scale ◽  
Insight Into Illness ◽  
Insight Into

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Several features contribute to determining suicide risk. This study was designed with the aim of evaluating whether insight into illness and demoralization are involved in suicide risk (active suicidal ideation or behavior). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> For this purpose, in a sample of 100 adult psychiatric inpatients, we used the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale to assess suicide risk, the Demoralization Scale for demoralization symptoms, and the Insight Scale to assess illness insight. We also investigated several demographic and clinical features, including gender, age, duration of untreated illness, previous suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results demonstrated that patients with higher scores on the insight-high dimension had 1.35 greater odds of having a higher suicide risk, and those with lifetime suicide attempts had 7.45 greater odds of having a higher suicide risk. Among the various clinical factors, the study indicated that only nonsuicidal self-harm behaviors in the last 3 months was a risk factor for suicide risk. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results indicated that greater illness insight is involved in suicide risk regardless of demoralization.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Suicide Attempts: The Roles of Childhood Abuse and Spirituality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Tae ◽  
Jeong-Ho Chae
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to identify independent factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with depression and/or anxiety.Background and Aims: This study was conducted in order to examine whether risk and protective psychological factors influence the risk of suicide attempts among outpatients with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. In this regard, explanatory models have been reported to detect high-risk groups for suicide attempt. We also examined whether identified factors serve as mediators on suicide attempts.Materials and Methods: Patients from 18 to 65 years old from an outpatient clinic at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were invited to join clinical studies. From September 2010 to November 2017, a total of 737 participants were included in the final sample. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms. An independent samples t-test, a chi-square test, hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Baron and Kenny's procedures were performed in order to analyze data.Results: Young age, childhood history of emotional and sexual abuse, depression, and a low level of spirituality were significant independent factors for increased suicide attempts. Depression was reported to mediate the relationship between childhood emotional and sexual abuse, spirituality, and suicide attempts.Conclusions: Identifying the factors that significantly affect suicidality may be important for establishing effective plans of suicide prevention. Strategic assessments and interventions aimed at decreasing depression and supporting spirituality may be valuable for suicide prevention.

Clinical Evaluation of Prior Suicide Attempts and Suicide Risk in Psychiatric Inpatients

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Modai ◽  
S. Hirschmann ◽  
J. Hadjez ◽  
C. Bernat ◽  
D. Gelber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Summary: Background: In practice psychiatrists rely on their own experience and intuition to evaluate the suicide potential of individual patients, but the algorithms for the decision-making process remain unclear. Objectives: (1) to establish models for the decision making process for evaluating suicide risk; (2) to simulate the impact of information concerning the number of previous suicide attempts on the clinician's ability to detect patients who performed medically serious suicide attempts (MSSAs). Methods: Four decision models (linear, dichotomized, hyperbolic, and undifferentiated) depicting the influence of the number of previous suicide attempts on the clinician's recognition of MSSAs in 250 psychiatric inpatients were elicited and tested by a series of discriminant analyses. Results: The dichotomized model (“all or none”) was found to be the most efficient in detecting medically serious suicide attempts. Conclusion: The “all or none” paradigm seems to be the most appropriate way to evaluate the weight of previous suicide attempts in the decision-making process identifying medically serious suicide attempt patients.

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