Memory and Hypothesis in Solving Alternation Problems with Random Competition

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-797
Author(s):  
Eugene Linker ◽  
Bruce M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Sequence Classification ◽  
Single Alternation ◽  
Symbol Sequence ◽  
Double Alternation ◽  
Symbol Sequences ◽  
The Way

Three experiments are described dealing with solution attempts for single, double, and quadruple alternations in one or two of three possible symbol-sequence classification dimensions. Results showed that alternation length did not alter solution difficulty. The conclusion is formulated that the way in which Ss tackled alternation problems could not lead to solutions on the basis of “reading off” from memory or learning on an incremental basis. Therefore the concept of an hypothesis must be brought in to account for Ss with incomplete evidence often obtaining successful solutions and yet not differing in problem-solving approach from nonsolvers. There is also some indication that single alternation may be easier than double alternation when coding of symbol sequences is most straightforward, but there is no indication of any circumstances that favor double over quadruple alternation.

Developing High-School Students´ Competences through Math Research Workshops – the M&L Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 587-592
Author(s):  
Ariana-Stanca Vacaretu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Research Workshop ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Math Concepts ◽  
The Way

Mathematics is or it should be about problem solving and math thinking. However, what mathematics students learn in schools is more about procedures for solving different types of math exercises and problems. In many cases, students learn by heart algorithms and words (math concepts) and use them for solving different math tasks. School math is very far from what mathematicians do and, in many cases, doesn’t motivate students for learning math. This paper presents the way we organized the assessment of the students’ skills developed through math research workshops and some of the assessment results. Even though we didn’t assess all the competences the students develop through the math research workshop, the findings show that the students certainly develop their problem-solving skills.

Collaborative Solution Discovery: A Problem Solving Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Katharine Clemmer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
School System ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Math Learning ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
The Way

Loyola Marymount University (LMU) has developed a new approach to problem solving, Collaborative Solution Discovery (CSD), to help practitioners in a school system leverage their individual passions in a way that grows students’ positive math identity through mathematical thinking, problem solving, and self-regulation. By focusing on how students and teachers interact with each other in real-time in an ideal classroom, practitioners take ownership of a process to guide their students in growing their positive math identity and thus taking ownership of their own math learning. Practitioners measure progress along the way through metrics that are created, defined, used, and continually refined by themselves to attain their ideal math learning environment. The entire CSD process results in a system that owns ist improvement efforts—improvement efforts that are flexible, adaptable, and sustainable.

Application of Su-Field Analysis Method to the Innovation of Decision-Making

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
De Lin Fan ◽  
Jian Wei Hu ◽  
Hui Ling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Way

Innovation of decision-making needs systematical methodologies. A systematical decision “Element-Thought” method (“E-T” method) is proposed based on Su-Field analysis methodology of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) for the innovation of decision-making. The way to analyze and solve innovation problem of decision-making with “E-T” method is given. The result shows that the proposed method could help managers make decision effectively, efficiently, and creatively.

Response Patterning in the Operant-Conditioning Situation with Twenty-Four-Hour Intertrial Interval

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Bobby R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Operant Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Single Alternation ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Conditioning Situation ◽  
Double Alternation ◽  
Sequential Hypothesis ◽  
Response Patterning

16 female, albino rats served as Ss in an investigation of performance on single and double-alternation sequences of reward-nonreward. Ss were run in an operant conditioning chamber with a 24-hr. intenrial interval. The results indicated that Ss receiving the single-alternation reward-nonreward sequence learned to respond appropriately, i.e., fast on reward days, slow on nonreward days, while Ss run under the double-alternation sequence did not exhibit appropriate responding. The results are seen as being supportive of Capaldi's sequential hypothesis.

Anticipating Student Responses to Improve Problem Solving

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 504-511
Author(s):  
Ann H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Problem Solve ◽  
Teaching Problem ◽  
Or Task ◽  
The Way

I have been a Mathematics Teacher and Educator throughout all four publications of the Standards documents (NCTM 1991, 1995, 1989, and 2000). Over the years, while concentrating on improving various aspects of my teaching, specifically, improving my students' ability to problem solve, I have been perplexed to see students pick numbers out of a problem and perform an operation with no regard for the context. To address this issue by teaching problem-solving lessons made me realize that I did not know the difference between students solving a problem and actual problem solving. A lesson beginning with a problem or task does not make it a problem-solving lesson, especially when students would inevitably solve it the way I had intended. Instead of problem solving, my students were trying to figure out what I was thinking. To prevent the temptation of leading students in this way of thinking required careful planning of problem-solving lessons.

Realistic Problem Formulation and Problem Solving

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Anthony Ralston ◽  
Stephen S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Realistic Problem ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Way

Moreover, we seldom introduce students to problems that lend themselves to long-term, in-depth analysis at different levels of intellectual accomplishment. In this article, we discuss such a problem, one that allows significant mathematical endeavor beginning with second graders and extending all the way through college undergraduates.

An approach for sustainable innovation: TRIZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Banu Ozkeser
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Sustainable Innovation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Innovation Planning ◽  
The Way

TRIZ, a Russian acronym for the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, is an approach for systematic innovation planning. In the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), the overall aim is the development of an enhanced methodology for a smooth innovation mapping. It is also a way of technology management. The base of TRIZ depends on organisational ecology and sustainability concepts. Should a foundation use this scientific method, then, sustainable innovation can easily occur there. In this paper, conceptualised combinations will be further investigated, tested and applied in subsequent phases and results. The organization of this paper has four major phases. The first part is composed of general terminology, benefits of the method and rules. The second part gives information about the definition of the problem and the details of the way which is used. Concept of the third phase is about the implementation. The results, comments and recommendations form the last phase.Keywords: TRIZ, sustainability, innovation.

scholarly journals Using Excel to reduce a Square Matrix

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Josef Holoubek ◽  
Petr Zach
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Menu Option ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Commercial Program ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Way ◽  
Square Matrix

When solving operations research problems, one can use either specialised computer programs such as Lingo, Lindo, Storm or more universal programs such Excel, Matlab, and R. To obtain the input data, one can use either a program’s own editor or other programs commonly available such as Excel. While the problem-solving methods, being part of various programs, are the subjects of numerous publications (such as Gros, 2003; Jablonský, 2002; Plevný – Žižka, 2007; Stevenson – Ozgur, 2009), the way the input data are obtained, recorded, and processed receives far less attention although this part of problem-solving requires considerable effort and, if the method for data recording is inadequate, may cause subsequent difficulties in their further processing. A problem known as “the travelling salesman problem” (TSP) may serve as an example. Here, the input data form a “square matrix of distances”. This paper is concerned with some Excel tools that can be used to obtain and subsequently modify such a square matrix. Given a square m × m matrix, an ordinary user might want to reduce it to an i × i square matrix (where i < m) without having to copy data from the matrix, skip some of its rows and/or columns or write a program to implement such a reduction.In her degree project, Kourková, 2009 was looking for an efficient method of reducing an Excel matrix. She had found no relevant papers on this subject concluding that the authors of the commercial program had not considered this. Therefore, she offered her own solution unconventionally using the contingency table menu option. Although this had resulted in the desired submatrix, some of its parts were superfluous and even baffling for the user.For this reason, the authors analyse the method of representing an m × m matrix and the way of its reduction. Finally, a better option is offered to achieve the desired objective as well as other methods of obtaining the required submatrix that even users without sufficient programming skills can use.

scholarly journals PROTOTYPE APLIKASI GENERATE BARCODE BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. BIMASAKTI KARYAPRIMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽  
Agus Hidayatullah ◽  
Muhammad Aldino Dwi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Software Design ◽  
System Application ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Shoe Industry ◽  
The Way

PT. BimasaktiKaryaprima is a medium-sized company engaged in the shoe industry. In this company, there is a system to create barcode shoe data that still uses Libre Office, where in the implementation of the system there are several things that become obstacles, which includes the effectiveness and time efficiency in the process of inputting barcode shoes data, the form of manufacture which is still typing one by one the data that must be printed in making a barcode. With the above reasons, the author tries to provide an alternative problem solving by creating a barcode making system application where the user can input large amounts of data and can also process data import with CSV file extension, so that it will eliminate the way of making barcode data with the Libre Office which has been running at PT. Bimasaktikaryaprima. At this writing the method used for collecting data through observation, interviews, literature studies and software design methods using the waterfall method.

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