Epilogue: Productive Collisions—Blue-Sky Science and Today’s Innovations

The London School of Economics (LSE) joins CERN as an established partner of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study, a project that touches many fields in and beyond physics. This volume coincides with the first steps of Horizon Europe in hopes of informing research and innovation planning. The challenges and scepticism facing Big Science were discussed but, despite them, we stand firm in support of the society-wide benefit of scientific projects of such magnitude. In concluding this volume, this article sums these perspectives, drawn from the joint CERN-LSE Alumni Association Belgium workshop held in 2019. Earlier, wider and greater benefits flow from Big, multi-disciplinary Science. These benefits are greatest when the core project is developed in open interaction with youth, local and global communities, engaging ecosystems capable of nurturing early spin-off innovation.

Great apes selectively retrieve relevant memories to guide action

Memory allows us to draw on past experiences to inform behaviour in the present. However, memories rarely match the situation at hand exactly, and new situations regularly trigger multiple related memories where only some are relevant to act upon. The flexibility of human memory systems is largely attributed to the ability to disregard irrelevant, but salient, memories in favour of relevant ones. This is considered an expression of an executive function responsible for suppressing irrelevant memories, associated with the prefrontal cortex. It is unclear to what extent animals have access to this ability. Here, we demonstrate, in a series of tool-use tasks designed to evoke conflicting memories, that chimpanzees and an orangutan suffer from this conflict but overcome it in favour of a more relevant memory. Such mnemonic flexibility is among the most advanced expressions of executive function shown in animals to date and might explain several behaviours related to tool-use, innovation, planning and more.

Research the Mutual Influence of Indicators in Innovation Planning at Enterprises

The author analyzes the innovation development programs of 11 Russian companies with state participation and state corporations and compares the achieved results with innovation development plans. The results of the analysis show that the existing relationships between the performance indicators of the companies’ innovation activity for 2014–2016 are not considered or reflected in the programs of innovation development until 2020. This study indicates the causes of the current situation and proposes directions for improving the efficiency of innovation development planning.Aim. The study aims to examine the mutual influence of indicators in innovation planning at enterprises.Tasks. The author analyzes the existing innovation development programs of large state-owned companies and the correlation between the performance indicators of innovation activity, assesses the actual results of the implementation of innovation development programs for 2014–2016 and the validity of the planned indicators of innovation development until 2020.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems and correlation-regression analysis.Results. The analysis shows that the actual relationships between the performance indicators of the companies’ innovation activity for 2014–2016 are not considered or reflected in the programs of innovation development until 2020. This study indicates the causes of the current situation and proposes directions for improving the efficiency of innovation development planning. A matrix for determining problem situations in innovation development planning is developed.Conclusions. The actual relationships between the indicators that characterize many aspects of innovation development at various stages of the innovation life cycle are not fully considered in the planning of innovation development. The conducted study confirms a formal approach to estimating the target values of the examined indicators, which disregards the actual relationships between them. The outcome of this can be seen in the programs of innovation development until 2020 developed by corporations. It is possible to make allowance for the actual relationships in the planning of the target values of innovation development indicators by using the methods and tools of dynamic modeling.

Intersectional coproduction and infrastructural violence: experiences from Pakistan

The delivery of projects for the coproduction of services raises multiple questions about how different structural barriers prevent and hinder the participation of various sectors of the population. Intersectionality theory provides a critical lens to examine the delivery of such coproduction projects to refine any strategies to include vulnerable perspectives or perspectives that get silenced by existing hierarchies. This paper presents an intersectionality-led analysis of the delivery of a project to improve public safety in Pakistan. The project mapped existing concerns about urban violence of different groups of the population. The project used a multilayered approach to facilitate the engagement of excluded views, both in the constitution of the research team and in the involvement of communities. An intersectionality framework is applied to analyse the deployment of the project in terms of design, innovation, planning, and signification. The analysis shows that there are limitations to how far coproduction exercises can challenge existing social structural barriers.

Innovation planning

The report examines theoretical assumptions regarding the nature and importance of innovation. Regardless of the diversity we see in terms of defining different types of innovation, we can come to the conclusion that all definitions have one common feature and it relates to focusing on the presence of something new and different. Innovation planning processes are discussed by indicating that they are aimed at defining specific actions so that the objectives set out in the company's innovation strategy can be achieved. The most important functions of planning are to coordinate the efforts of the participants in the innovation process and to link business objectives and opportunities for future development. Emphasis is placed on the importance of innovation for each organization and the necessary investment of efforts for appropriate innovation planning that provides competitive advantages.

The Concept of ‘Roadmapping Service’: Exploring Customer Perspectives of Roadmapping through the Service Lens

Roadmapping has been addressed as a management approach used to support strategic and innovation planning of organisations over recent decades. This paper introduces a new standpoint for addressing roadmapping through the application of service theories as a way for tackling the demand for the digitalisation of roadmapping. To this end, the concept of roadmapping as a service offer is developed and employed to analyse three customer perspectives of roadmapping: owners and sponsors, team members, and facilitators. Based on a literature review and interviews with roadmapping experts, customer jobs, pains, and gains are described for each of the perspectives. In the end, the paper provides insights for the understanding of the concept of roadmapping service and opens opportunities for further theoretical and empirical developments around this new path. These results are part of a broader research project exploring the digitalisation of roadmapping.

Innovative Forms of Citizen Participation at the Fringe of the Formal Planning System

In the Nordic countries, we are witnessing a proliferation of novel and more experimental ways of citizen and authority interaction within the field of urban planning and governance. These formats are seen in urban regeneration projects and planning experiments that endorse more inclusive interactions between public authorities and local actors than in the traditional formal hearings. The intention of this article is to explore the potential of these forms of participation in contributing to social innovation particularly related to including citizens that are difficult to reach, and in creating new arenas for interaction and collaboration. Theoretically, the article is inspired by the concepts of social innovation, planning as experimentation (Hillier, 2007; Nyseth, Pløger, & Holm, 2010), and co-creation (Voorberg, Bekkers, & Tummers, 2013). Empirically, the article draws on three different cases from Norway and Denmark which entailed some novel ways of involving local citizens in urban planning. Finally, the article discusses how formal planning procedures can gain inspiration from such initiatives.