An approach for sustainable innovation: TRIZ

Author(s):  
Banu Ozkeser

TRIZ, a Russian acronym for the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, is an approach for systematic innovation planning. In the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), the overall aim is the development of an enhanced methodology for a smooth innovation mapping. It is also a way of technology management. The base of TRIZ depends on organisational ecology and sustainability concepts. Should a foundation use this scientific method, then, sustainable innovation can easily occur there. In this paper, conceptualised combinations will be further investigated, tested and applied in subsequent phases and results. The organization of this paper has four major phases. The first part is composed of general terminology, benefits of the method and rules. The second part gives information about the definition of the problem and the details of the way which is used. Concept of the third phase is about the implementation. The results, comments and recommendations form the last phase.Keywords: TRIZ, sustainability, innovation.

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Martin Lin

This chapter offers reconstructions of Spinoza’s four arguments for the existence of God. Among the lessons learned from these reconstructions is that, although Spinoza’s first argument is often described as ontological, it relies on many substantive premises that go beyond the definition of God and it is not vulnerable to standard objections to ontological arguments. Additionally, the second argument introduces Spinoza’s Principle of Sufficient Reason, and seeing how Spinoza applies it to the existence of God sheds light on how he understands both the PSR and causation and explanation more generally. The chapter concludes by arguing that the third and fourth arguments pave the way for Spinoza’s claim that, besides God, no substance can be or be conceived and consideration of them shows why Spinoza’s argument for monism does not beg the question against the orthodox Cartesian.


2020 ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Insole

This chapter shows how central it is, for Kant, that the concept of God only comes downstream from, and after, the possibility of belief in the ‘moral world’. This moral world is the realm of freedom, wherein autonomy is possible. Only if (deterministic) space and time do not go ‘all the way down’, are freedom, and autonomy, possible. If space and time are ‘things-in-themselves’, Kant asserts, ‘then freedom cannot be saved’ (A536/B564). Only if there is a dimension of reality beyond mechanism, is end-setting, and so autonomy, and the highest good possible. Not even God could achieve the highest good in a universe without end-setting, and without freedom, because this universe would be a sort of ‘desert’ with no ‘inner value’. The sequence of thought we find, both in the second Critique, and in other texts is this: first of all, Kant identifies a need for happiness in proportion to virtue; then Kant identifies the obstacle to the realization of such happiness, which is the mechanistic and deterministic structure of nature; and then Kant moves to the solution, which involves leaning into the realm of freedom, which realm includes God. The significance of the third phase in the progression of thought (the realm of freedom) has not been sufficiently considered, it is argued, when considering the Kant’s ‘moral proof’, and the relationship, for Kant, between morality, the highest good, and God.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-135
Author(s):  
Leonard Lawlor

This essay starts from a consideration of Deleuze's theory of time. It begins with the empty form of time. But the essay's aim is to understand Deleuze's reversal of Platonism in his 1968 Difference and Repetition. There is no question that the stakes of the reversal of Platonism are ontological. But I argue that what is really at stake is a movement of demoralisation. The essay proceeds in three steps. First, we determine what sufficient reason or grounding is, for Deleuze. Sufficient reason is struck with an irreducible ambiguity. It is this ambiguity in sufficient reason that allows it to be taken advantage of, to be used by representation and good sense for a moral purpose. The second part of the essay will therefore concern ‘the moralisation of sufficient reason’. Its focus will be good sense. But then, third, we must understand Deleuze's ‘demoralisation of sufficient reason’, which necessarily passes through others. Like sufficient reason, others are ambiguous, at once lending themselves to what cancels differences, and opening the way towards difference and intensity. The third step focuses on what Deleuze calls ‘the ethics of intensive quantities’. In the Conclusion, I examine Deleuze's famous, almost cliché, definition of ethics as not being unworthy of the event and, through the empty form of time, I connect it to Kant's formalistic ethics.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin C. Alkin ◽  
Jean A. King

The second article in this series on the history of evaluation use has three sections. The first and longest develops a functional definition of the term use, noting that a thorough definition of evaluation use includes the initial stimulus (i.e., evaluation findings or process), the user, the way people use the information, the aspect of the program considered, and the purpose. It then defines evaluation use’s unethical companion, misuse, detailing the distinction between the two. The second section briefly discusses a broadened concept of evaluation impact that expands to include evaluation influence. Finally, the third section summarizes the factors that research has shown to be related to evaluation use.


Author(s):  
Kamala Yunis

As for the qualitative definition of the theoretical structure of the concept of algorithm, obtained by building a system of its study on the basis of component analysis in the article, it should be completed by studying the types of algorithmic processes. Three common types of such processes (linear, branching and recursive) play a slightly different role here. The first two types are somewhat simple, as we tried to show in Example 1, it would be natural to use them in the study of the components of the algorithm. Recursive processes can be applied to the play of already separated concepts. There are plenty of examples in various sections of Algebra, such as the "sequences" section, in particular. Finding the approximate value of an expression using the Heron formula can be a good example of recursive processes. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodological system that identifies opportunities to improve the quality of integrated mathematics teaching in V-IX grades and connect it with computer technology as well as identifies ways to apply it in the learning process. Textbooks often show the performance of a particular action on a few specific examples. We come across different situations here. Sometimes the rule is stated after the solution of the work, and sometimes the work is considered after the expression of the rule. The third case is possible, there is no definition of the rule in the textbook, but specific examples of the application of the formed algorithm are considered. This is quite common in school textbooks, especially when considering complex algorithms. In such cases, it is accepted to call the solutions of the studies as examples. The sample solution must meet certain requirements. Let's separate some of them from the point of view of the formed algorithm: the most characteristic cases of the considered type of problem should be considered; numerical data should be selected in such a way that the necessary calculations can be performed orally in order to draw students' attention to the sequence of elementary operations that make up the steps of the formed algorithm. If the problem-solving example meets these requirements, then the type of problem assigned to it can be considered as an algorithm for solving the problem. If, depending on the initial data, there are several fundamentally different cases of problem solving, it is necessary to consider examples of problem solving for each such case.


2012 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Guo Li Du ◽  
Xiao Xin Feng

The structure of professional practical ability was analysed, and it was pointed out that the professional practical ability is composed of knowledge, skills and powers to use knowledge and to innovate in technology. The instructional strategies for promoting professional practical ability were investigated. Through organizing the knowledge structure rationally and letting students acquire knowledge by the way of "problem-solving" in classroom, teachers can make students gain the knowledge to be favorable to use. Through teaching students logical thinking method and scientific method, teachers can make students master the thinking methods that are favorable to use knowledge. And through strengthening practical instruction in laboratory and constructing practical platform of college-enterprise cooperation, teachers can make students acquire professional skill.


2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai B. P. Sinha

As I look back at about 45 years of my research journey, I see three somewhat overlapping phases showing that my research has co-evolved with the way I have related to my milieu. The first 15 years witnessed my struggle to outgrow the alien framework by conducting research that, I thought, addressed the most salient socio-cultural issues in the Indian context with the methods that seemed to be the most appropriate. For the next 15 years, I tried to claim a legitimate space for my research on the international landscape. My encounters there—enriching and yet frustrating—led me to realise that I can at best be an Indian cultural psychologist. In the third phase, therefore, I returned to focus on my ongoing interest in organisational behaviour that I believe is deeply embedded in the Indian societal culture inheriting psycho-philosophical thoughts from the ancient time. Hence, I have been exploring, through multi-authored, multi-centred and multi-methods research, how the ancient Indian wisdom has filtered through contemporary experiences to create an inclusive Indian mindset that manifests in social and organisational behaviour.


2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Andrea Manzo

This article provides a general overview of the archaeological finds which suggest that Eastern Sudan was in contact with Egypt in the second half of the third and into the second millennium BC. The finds and their contexts are discussed, along with their chronology, typology and distribution in order to understand if they arrived in Eastern Sudan via Upper Nubia, the Red Sea coast, or even through the Eastern Desert. Moreover, the discussion highlights how these finds are providing support to the hypothesis that Eastern Sudan may have been a part of Punt. Finally, the contribution of these finds to our understanding of the economic and cultural exchanges between Egypt and inner Africa is discussed. This review also addresses the definition of the Egyptian commodities exchanged for those of inner Africa and the reconstruction of the way contacts between the involved groups took place.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pérgolis ◽  
Clara Inés Rodríguez Ibarra

Resumen: La investigación urbana durante muchos años, ha centrado su interés en el estudio de los elementos físicos de la ciudad. Este trabajo se desarrolla desde un enfoque distinto al discurso de un urbanismo abstracto basado en cifras y estándares, es decir, en un urbanismo apoyado en la existencia del habitante, la ciudad, sus significados, su pertenencia y el sentido de su vida en ese territorio. El objetivo principal de este artículo es mostrar un método de trabajo basado en la identificación y el análisis de relatos urbanos y en la lectura de un texto generador de preguntas conducentes a hipótesis. La investigación en curso de la cual se desprende, utiliza dos ejercicios metodológicos particulares, uno a partir de una investigación enmarcada en la definición de “método científico”, surge de la lectura de un único libro, la pregunta que guía el desarrollo del estudio. El segundo ejercicio consiste en generar una práctica a través de la aplicación de una metodología ya experimentada en trabajos precedentes, preguntándonos ahora, ¿Es posible encontrar la esencia o el deseo que motiva un acontecimiento en el relato?; como conclusión parcial del estudio en curso, se confirma que el modo de acceder a las particularidades del espíritu del tiempo y su expresión en la ciudad y en la vida de la ciudad está presente en los relatos, que al pasar de la descripción a la narración, profundizan en las prácticas que los habitantes realizan con los espacios de su ciudad. ___Palabras clave: Deseo, relato, ciudad, ciudadano, imagen urbana, vida urbana. ___Abstract: The urban investigation for many years has centered his interest on the study of the physical elements of the city. This work develops from an approach different from the speech of an abstract urbanism based on numbers and standards, but rather an urbanism focused on the existence of the inhabitant, the city, his meanings, his belonging and the sense of his life in this territory. The principal aim of this article is to show a method of work based on the identification and the analysis of urban statements and in the reading of a generating text of questions conducive to hypothesis. The investigation in process with which it parts, uses two methodological particular exercises, one from an investigation placed in the definition of “scientific method", arises from the reading of the only book, the question that guides the development of the study. The second exercise consists of generating a practice across the application of a methodology already experienced on previous works, wondering now is it possible to find the essence or the desire that motivates an event in the statement?; as partial conclusion of the study in process, it is confirmed that the way of acceding to the particularities of the spirit of the time and his expression in the city and in the life of the city it is present in the statements, which on having gone on from the description to the story, penetrate into the practices that the inhabitants realize with the spaces of his city. ___Keywords: Desire, story, citizen, city, city life, urban image. ___Recibido enero 3 de 2014 / Aceptado marzo 12 de 2014  


Human Affairs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Šulavíková

AbstractThe article poses three questions relating to the self-definition of philosophical counselling: 1. Is it an alternative to psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches? 2. What is the therapeutic nature of philosophical counselling? 3. Is it contemplation or critical reasoning? The first part introduces some examples of the concepts that sharply distinguish philosophical counselling from psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches. It also considers those that mix these different approaches. The second part deals with the question of whether or not philosophical counselling can be considered to be a therapy. Some philosophical counsellors work on the belief that there is a synchrony between modern philosophical counselling and the classical conception of philosophy as therapy. Many, however, are of the opinion that it is not possible to speak of it in terms of therapy. The third part gives examples of the way in which philosophical counselling is understood to be contemplation and on the other hand of those who employ approaches based on critical thinking in philosophical counselling.


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