Validity and Clinical Utility of the Satz and Mogel Abbreviated form of the WAIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 992-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Holmes ◽  
Hubert E. Armstrong ◽  
Monty H. Johnson ◽  
Harold A. Ries

IQ estimates based on WAIS protocols rescored by the abbreviated form are almost always within 6 IQ points of the full WAIS. The assumption was investigated that IQ estimates are as accurate when the abbreviated form is administered alone as they are when WAIS protocols are simply rescored. Thirty psychiatric patients responded first to the abbreviated WAIS and then responded to the items which were omitted. All IQ estimates from the abbreviated WAIS fell within 6 points of the non-abbreviated WAIS. The Satz and Mogel abbreviated WAIS is recommended as superior to other short forms in many clinical settings, not only because its IQ estimates are more accurate than most other short forms, but also because a wide range of qualitative material is provided by sampling from all 11 subscales.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Gardner ◽  
Francis X. Brennan ◽  
Rachel Scott ◽  
Jay Lombard

Over the last decade, pharmacogenetics has become increasingly significant to clinical practice. Psychiatric patients, in particular, may benefit from pharmacogenetic testing as many of the psychotropic medications prescribed in practice lead to varied response rates and a wide range of side effects. The use of pharmacogenetic testing can help tailor psychotropic treatment and inform personalized treatment plans with the highest likelihood of success. Recently, many studies have been published demonstrating improved patient outcomes and decreased healthcare costs for psychiatric patients who utilize genetic testing. This review will describe evidence supporting the clinical utility of genetic testing in psychiatry, present several case studies to demonstrate use in everyday practice, and explore current patient and clinician opinions of genetic testing.


1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1163-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Holmes ◽  
Hubert E. Armstrong ◽  
Monty H. Johnson ◽  
Harold A. Ries

WAIS protocols of 30 hospitalized psychiatric patients were rescored according to an abbreviated form introduced by Satz and Mogel. IQ estimates obtained from administration of the full WAIS were comparable. These results agree with the Satz and Mogel findings despite differences in age, sex distribution, and IQ range of the two samples. Unlike other short forms of the WAIS, the Satz and Mogel abbreviated version samples items from all 11 sub-scales and thus provides a wide range of qualitative material. It was concluded that this abbreviated WAIS may be preferable in a clinical setting to other short forms.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Marie-Sophie Franz ◽  
Oliver Goldhardt ◽  
Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽  
...  

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.


1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wooff ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
T. Fryers

The context and content of work undertaken with individual clients by community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) and mental health social workers (MHSWs) in Salford were found to be significantly different. Although there were some areas of overlap, the ways in which the two professions worked were quite distinct. MHSWs discussed a wide range of topics and were as concerned with clients' interactions with family and community networks as they were with symptoms. Their interviews with schizophrenic clients followed a similar pattern to those with other groups, and they worked closely with psychiatrists and other mental health staff. CPNs, on the other hand, focused mainly on psychiatric symptoms, treatment arrangements, and medications, and spent significantly less time with individual psychotic clients than they did with patients suffering from neuroses. They were as likely to be in contact with general practitioners as they were with psychiatrists, and had fewer contacts with other mental health staff than the MHSWs. There was evidence that the long-term care of chronic psychiatric patients living outside hospital required more co-ordinated long-term multidisciplinary input.


1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Adams ◽  
G. David Cooper ◽  
Richard N. Carrera

30 hospitalized psychiatric in-patients exposed to a few hours of partial sensory deprivation (SD) showed a wide range of individual differences in their reactions. Reduced symptoms and improved intellectual functioning after SD were the predominant group trends, but some individuals showed substantial changes in opposite directions. Individual differences in behavioral reactions during and after SD were significantly related to MMPI personality characteristics. Symptom reduction after SD was a function of characteristics quite different from those usually associated with prognosis for conventional verbal psychotherapy. The results suggested that many persons unlikely to benefit from traditional therapeutic procedures might show improved personality and intellectual functioning after a brief exposure to SD. There were many other complex relationships between personality variables and reactions to SD.


2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Baron ◽  
J. Ray Hays

This study examined sociodemographic, diagnostic, psychological, and episode-based variables in a sample of 130 psychiatric patients admitted to treatment at least twice in a 6-yr. period. Short length of initial hospitalization ( r = -.30, p <.01) and younger age on initial admission ( r = -.20, p <.05) were significantly correlated with frequent hospital admissions. Scores on four of the subscales of the WAIS-R were significantly correlated with readmission, confirming that patients who have fewer cognitive resources are at risk of frequent admissions. A multiple regression analysis combining variables to predict readmission accounted for only 12% of the common variance ( r128 = .34, p <.01), however, indicating that a prediction equation with these variables has limited clinical utility.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Kiss Mariann ◽  
Németh Dezső ◽  
Janacsek Karolina

A hétköznapok során gyakran előfordul, hogy gyengén teljesítünk egy olyan helyzetben, amelyben korábban már bizonyítottuk tudásunkat. A pszichológián belül elméleti és empirikus eredmények is alátámasztják ezt a hétköznapi jelenséget, mely szerint egy adott időpontban mérhető teljesítmény (performancia) nem feltétlenül tükrözi hűen a mögötte álló tudást (kompetencia). Jelen rövid, célzott összefoglaló tanulmánnyal az a célunk, hogy felhívjuk a fi gyelmet a performancia-kompetencia disszociációra a procedurális tanulás területét használva példaként. Fontos azonban kiemelni, hogy ez a jelenség más kognitív funkciók esetén is jelen lehet (pl. nyelvi teljesítmény, döntéshozatal, észlelés), ezért tanulmányunk új kutatásokat ösztönözhet számos kognitív funkció esetén. A korábbi empirikus eredmények áttekintésekor külön hangsúlyt fektetünk a tanulás idői faktoraira, amelyek meghatározhatják, hogy disszociáció lép-e fel adott esetben a performancia és kompetencia között vagy nem. Ezután kitérünk azokra az elméleti magyarázatokra is, amelyek az idői faktorok tanulásra, illetve performancia-kompetencia disszociációra kifejtett hatását próbálják magyarázni. A tanulmány végén kitekintést nyújtunk a disszociáció kutatásmódszertani vonatkozásaira és olyan alkalmazott helyzetekre is, ahol ez a disszociáció jelentősen befolyásolhatja a levont következtetéseket: ilyen például az oktatási-tanulási környezet (készségtanulás, nyelvtanulás), illetve a kognitív tesztek használata a klinikai diagnosztikában. It often occurs in our daily life that we perform weaker in a task in which we have previously shown good knowledge and understanding. In psychology, both theoretical and empirical evidence supports this phenomenon: that is, on certain occasions, our momentary performance does not accurately refl ect our underlying knowledge (competence). The aim of our short, focused review paper is to draw attention to this performance vs. competence dissociation using the fi eld of procedural learning as an example. It is important to note, however, that this phenomenon may occur for a wide range of cognitive functions (e.g., aspects of language performance, decision-making, perception), and therefore, our paper can stimulate research in these areas. In this paper, we review previous empirical fi ndings that focused on the role of temporal factors in procedural learning as these factors can affect whether or not dissociation occurs in a certain case. Then, we briefl y present the explanatory accounts of the role of the temporal factors in learning and in performance vs. competence dissociation. Finally, our review discusses the implications of the presented fi ndings both from a methodological and an applied perspective, highlighting that the dissociation between performance and competence can substantially alter the outcomes and our interpretations in various situations such as in education (e.g., skill learning, language learning) and when applying cognitive tests in clinical settings.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roua Walha ◽  
Nathaly Gaudreault ◽  
Pierre Dagenais ◽  
Patrick Boissy

Abstract Background: Foot involvement is a major manifestation of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and could lead to severe levels of foot pain and disability and impaired functional mobility and quality of life. Gait spatiotemporal parameters (STPs) and gait variability, used as a clinical index of gait stability, have been associated with several adverse health outcomes including risk of falling, functional decline, and mortality in a wide range of populations. Previous studies showed some alterations in STPs in people with PsA. However, gait variability and the relationships between STPs, gait variability and self-reported foot pain and disability have never been studied in this populations. Body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) are gaining interest in measuring gait parameters in clinical settings.Objectives: To assess STPs and gait variability in people with PsA using IMUs and, to explore their relationship with self-reported foot pain and function and to investigate the feasibility of using IMUs to discriminate patient groups based on gait speed-critical values.Methods: 21 participants with PsA (Age: 53.9 ± 8.9 yrs; median disease duration: 6 yrs) and 21 age and gender-matched healthy participants (Age 54.23 ± 9.3 yrs) were recruited. All the participants performed three 10-meter walk test trials at their comfortable speed. STPs and gait variability were recorded and calculated using six body-worn IMUs and the Mobility Lab software (APDM®). Foot pain and disability were assessed in participants with PsA using the foot function index (FFI).Results: Cadence, gait speed, stride length, and swing phase, were significantly lower, while double support was significantly higher, in the PsA group (p< 0.006). Strong correlations between STPs and the FFI total score were demonstrated (|r|> 0.57, p< 0.006). Gait variability was significantly increased in the PsA group, but it was not correlated with foot pain and function (p< 0.006). Using the IMUs three subgroups of participants with PsA with clinically meaningful differences in self-reported foot pain and disability were discriminated.Conclusion: STPs were significantly altered in participants with PsA which could be associated with self-reported foot pain and disability. Future studies are required to confirm the increased gait variability highlighted in this study and its potential underlying causes. Using IMUs in clinical settings has been useful to objectively assess foot function in people with PsA. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05075343, Retrospectively registered on 29 September 2021.


Author(s):  
Catherine Tucker ◽  
Sondra Smith-Adcock

Theraplay® is a brief, attachment-based parent-child psychotherapy approach that uses interactional play to establish ‘affectional' bonds between caregiver and child. Recent research related to Theraplay suggests it is an evidence-based practice for use in schools and clinical settings for a wide range of childhood problems, including those that are trauma-based. Of particular importance, Theraplay is emerging as an approach that is consistent with current neuroscience research on children's brain development and new understandings of attachment and disruption advanced by researchers. Young clients with some form of trauma-related symptoms comprise a large percentage of clinical cases, and present with complicated emotional and behavioral problems In this chapter, we will explore the basic theoretical underpinnings of Theraplay, the relevant mechanisms of change, and current evidence base. Although Theraplay can be used with a wide range of clients and problems, in this chapter, the focus will be on the applicatio with families with children who have experienced trauma.


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