Methodological Note on Trait-Treatment Interactions

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Gary D. Borich
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Post Hoc

A procedure is described for determining trait-treatment interactions when the effects of potentially confounding variables have been controlled in the original design through the analysis of covariance or the calculation of residual gain scores. The procedure determines the homogeneity of group regressions, the regions of covariable values for which group regressions are significantly different, and the percent of error that may be expected from this procedure when subjects are differentially assigned to treatments. Implications for recasting research designs based on the post hoc analysis of trait-treatment interactions are discussed.

Exploring the Morning Morality Effect in the context of moral utilitarianism: a post-hoc analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Trémolière ◽  
Corentin J Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Post Hoc

Recent research has shown mixed evidence for the morning morality effect (i.e., the observation that individuals are less immoral in the morning than in the afternoon). In the present research, we target the morning morality effect in the context of moral utilitarianism, by reanalyzing observational data previously collected by our lab. These data include different tasks capturing moral utilitarianism (i.e., standard sacrificial dilemmas, an ecological utilitarian scale, and/or dilemmas involving the morality of autonomous vehicles). We report a meta-analysis of 6 studies which showed that participants became less utilitarian as the day goes on, but with a small effect size (r = -0.14) and a large heterogeneity. Exploration of this heterogeneity showed that such a conclusion was statistically significant for classic sacrificial dilemmas only. Notably, even when restricting the analysis to the classic sacrificial dilemmas, a moderate inconsistency remained. Post-hoc analysis of an individual study showed that this small effect did not survive the inclusion of potentially confounding variables, such as psychopathy trait and cognitive reflection. Implications and limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Complete intraureteral stent placement relieves daytime urinary frequency compared with conventional placement in patients with an indwelling ureteral stent: post-hoc analysis of a randomized, controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Matsuzaki ◽  
Takashi Yoshida ◽  
Takashi Murota ◽  
Kazuyoshi Nakao ◽  
Makoto Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Stent Placement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Urinary Symptoms ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract A previous randomized, controlled trial had demonstrated that complete intraureteral stent placement (CIU-SP) was superior to conventional stent placement (C-SP) in terms of improvement of stent-related urinary symptoms. However, it is unclear as to which subdomain symptom and cohort could benefit the most from CIU-SP compared to C-SP in urinary symptoms while considering the baseline urinary status. To determine this, a post-hoc analysis was performed using data from a previous study (CIU-SP group, n = 39; C-SP group, n = 41). We assessed the mean changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) from baseline to day 14. Statistical comparison between the two groups was performed using analysis of covariance with adjustment of baseline urinary status as a covariate. Among 80 patients, the total I-PSS was significantly lower in the CIU-SP group than in the C-SP group in the cohort with mild urinary symptoms (P = 0.005), but not in those with moderate/severe symptoms (P = 0.521). The CIU-SP group showed significantly improved I-PSS and OABSS daytime frequencies, with the highest t statistic (2.47 and 2.10, respectively) among subdomains of both symptom scores compared with the C-SP group (both P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, the stent placement method (CIU-SP vs. C-SP) was independently associated with the I-PSS daytime frequency on day 14 (P = 0.017). This study suggests that CIU-SP significantly improved stent-related daytime frequency compared with C-SP, and it may benefit especially those patients who have mild urinary symptoms before the placement of ureteral stents.

Abstract #295 GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Death From Any Cause in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post-Hoc Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Toulis ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
G. Neil Thomas ◽  
Wasim Hanif ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract #245 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sustain 7 Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Vanita Aroda ◽  
Danny Sugimoto ◽  
David Trachtenbarg ◽  
Mark Warren ◽  
Gurudutt Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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