Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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P300 Amplitude and Topography in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm Involving Simulated Amnesia

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.16.1.1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Antoinette R. Miller ◽

J. Peter Rosenfeld ◽

Matthew Soskins ◽

Marianne Jhee

Keyword(s):

Task Difficulty ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Amplitude Difference ◽

P300 Component ◽

Oddball Task

Abstract The P300 component of the event-related potential was recorded during two blocks of an autobiographical oddball task. All participants performed honestly during the first block (Phone), i.e., the oddball stimuli were phone numbers. During the second block (Birthday), in which the oddball stimuli were participants' birthdays, a Truth group (N = 13) performed honestly and a Malinger group (N = 14) simulated amnesia. Amnesia simulation significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, both between groups and within the Malinger group (Phone vs. Birthday), possibly because of an increase in task difficulty in the Malinger condition. Analysis of scaled amplitudes also indicated a trend for a feigning-related alteration in P300 topography. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes detected significantly more (93%) Malinger individuals than bootstrapping of baseline-to-peak amplitudes (64%). Bootstrapping also provided evidence of a feigning-related amplitude difference between oddball stimuli (i.e., Phone > Birthday) in 71% of Malinger group individuals. In this comparison, the peak-to-peak measure also performed significantly better in intraindividual diagnostics.

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Spotting psychopaths using technology

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2015-0025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 721-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Hulbert ◽

Hojjat Adeli

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potential ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychopathic Personality ◽

General Point ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Human Element ◽

Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractFor the past three and a half decades, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the self-report Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) have been the standard measures for the diagnosis of psychopathy. Technological approaches can enhance these diagnostic methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review of various technological approaches for spotting psychopathy, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and other measures. Results of EEG event-related potential (ERP) experiments support the theory that impaired amygdala function may be responsible for abnormal fear processing in psychopathy, which can ultimately manifest as psychopathic traits, as outlined by the PCL-R or PPI-R. Imaging studies, in general, point to reduced fear processing capabilities in psychopathic individuals. While the human element, introduced through researcher/participant interactions, can be argued as unequivocally necessary for diagnosis, these purely objective technological approaches have proven to be useful in conjunction with the subjective interviewing and questionnaire methods for differentiating psychopaths from non-psychopaths. Furthermore, these technologies are more robust than behavioral measures, which have been shown to fail.

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PEACE BY PEACEFUL MEANS? A POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE ‘ABUJA PEACE ACCORD’ ON ELECTION VIOLENCE PREVENTION IN NIGERIA

10.26772/cijds-2020-03-02-016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 257-266

Author(s):

Tunde Oseni ◽

Keyword(s):

Violence Prevention ◽

Democratic Party ◽

Peace Accord ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Opposition Party ◽

Conscious Effort ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Election Violence ◽

First Time

The signing on Wednesday, 14 January, 2015 of the celebrated Abuja Peace Accord by the presidential candidates of the ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and eleven others, including the major opposition party, All Progressives Congress (APC) signaled for the first time a conscious effort by Nigerian political gladiators to give peace a chance. Although unique in the sense that two retired foremost international diplomats were deeply involved in drafting and moderating the signing of the Peace Accord, a critical-analytical dissection of the spirit and content as well as the practical benefits and weaknesses of the agreement reveal a thin success in a post-hoc mode. This paper teases out the forces and factors that were responsible for the semi-success and semi-failure of the stated goals of the Accord.

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Ambiverts Potentially Have Better Orienting Response than Extraverts in Visual Oddball Paradigm of Event Related Potential

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.22.17117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.22) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Nasir Yusoff ◽

Yan Shan Tai ◽

Saidah Napisah Muhammad ◽

Faruque Reza

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Orienting Response ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

P300 Component ◽

Neural Substrate ◽

Visual Oddball Paradigm ◽

Visual Oddball

Background: Differences in personality may indicate dissimilarity in the process of cognition. Objectives: To investigate and compare the neural substrate of P300 component evoked between ambiverts and extraverts in visual oddball paradigm of Event Related Potential study. Methods: Forty undergraduate medical students from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) were recruited and screened for personality by using USM Personality Inventory (USMaP-i). In the Event Related Potential (ERP) session, participants (N=19 ambiverts and 20 extraverts) completed a visual oddball paradigm in counterbalanced order. Results: Mann Whitney Test showed that, compared to ambiverts, the extraverts showed diminished P300 amplitude at the Fz electrode, but not at other electrodes. Conclusion: Ambiverts might have better orienting response than extraverts.

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P5506Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in patients with atrial fibrillation. A biomarker post-hoc analysis from the ATHERO-AF cohort

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

P Pignatelli Spinazzola ◽

A Farcomeni ◽

D Pastori ◽

F Violi

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Rank Test ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Post Hoc ◽

First Time ◽

Nadph Oxidase Activation

Abstract Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are emerging as novel risk factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs). In vitro evidence suggested that PCSK9 production may be elicited by LPS via oxidative stress, However, their relationship in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been investigated. Methods Post-hoc analysis of a prospective, single centre cohort study of 907 patients with non-valvular AF. At baseline, PCSK9, LPS and NADPH oxidase (sNOX2-dp) were measured. We also assessed adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-Diet). PCSK9 and LPS were correlated to incidence of CVEs. Results At multivariate analysis, with PCSK9 above the median as dependent variable we found that high adherence to Med-Diet and antiplatelet drugs were inversely correlated to PCSK9 (odds ratio [OR] 0.737 95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.643–0.845 p=0.001 and OR 0.437 95% CI 0.219–0.871 p=0.017 respectively), while sNOX2-dp and LPS concentrations (OR 1.759 C.I. 95% 1.167–2.650, p=0.007 and OR 1.727 C.I. 95% 1.147–2.600 p=0.009 respectively) were directly correlated. In particular use of oil and wine were negatively associated to high PCSK9 levels (OR 0.376 95% CI 0.185–0.763, p=0.001 and OR 0.460 95% CI 0.289–0.733 p=0.007, respectively). Patients with concomitant high PCSK9 and LPS (highest tertile for both) had and increased risk of CVEs as compared to those with low levels (lowest tertile for both) with 48 and 29 CVEs in each group respectively (Log-Rank test, p=0.022) Conclusion This study demonstrated for the first time in vivo that circulating levels of PCSK9 are associated with high LPS concentration and NADPH oxidase activation. Concomitant increase of PCSK9 and LPS increased the risk of CVEs.

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Making Meaning out of MANOVA: The Need for Multivariate Post Hoc Testing in Gifted Education Research

Gifted Child Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0016986219890352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 41-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kendal N. Smith ◽

Kristen N. Lamb ◽

Robin K. Henson

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Education Research ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Gifted Education ◽

Group Differences ◽

Data Set ◽

Making Meaning ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Post Hoc

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a statistical method used to examine group differences on multiple outcomes. This article reports results of a review of MANOVA in gifted education journals between 2011 and 2017 ( N = 56). Findings suggest a number of conceptual and procedural misunderstandings about the nature of MANOVA and its application, including pervasive use of univariate post hoc tests to interpret MANOVA results. Accordingly, this article aims to make MANOVA more accessible to gifted education scholars by clarifying its purpose and introducing descriptive discriminant analysis as a more appropriate post hoc technique. A heuristic data set is used to demonstrate the procedures for running a descriptive discriminant analysis, both in place of a one-way MANOVA and as a post hoc analysis to a factorial design. SPSS and R syntax are provided.

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Cognitive and Electrophysiological Correlates of Working Memory Impairments in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-021-05043-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gorana Pobric ◽

Jason R. Taylor ◽

Hemavathy M. Ramalingam ◽

Emily Pye ◽

Louise Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Single Gene ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Group Differences ◽

Control Group ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Memory Impairments

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a single gene disorder associated with working Memory (WM) impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate P300 event-related potential (ERP) associated with WM in NF1. Sixteen adolescents with NF1 were compared with controls on measures of WM and EEG was recorded during a WM nback task. The NF1 group showed poorer performance on measures of WM as compared to the control group. No group differences were observed in P300 amplitude at Pz, but P300 latency was shorter in the NF1 group. Topographic analyses of P300 amplitude showed group differences indicating neural processing differences in the NF1 group relative to controls, which possibly contribute to the cognitive deficits seen in this population.

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Working Memory Load for Faces Modulates P300, N170, and N250r

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.20072 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 989-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Helen M. Morgan ◽

Christoph Klein ◽

Stephan G. Boehm ◽

Kimron L. Shapiro ◽

David E. J. Linden

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Load ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Target Face ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Working Memory Load ◽

N170 Component ◽

Higher Visual Areas ◽

First Time ◽

Unfamiliar Faces

We used event-related potential (ERP) methodology to examine neural activity associated with visual working memory (WM) for faces. There were two main goals. First, to extend previous findings of P300 load modulation to WM for faces. Second, to examine whether N170 and N250r are also influenced by WM load. Between one and four unfamiliar faces were simultaneously presented for memory encoding. After a 1-sec delay, a target face appeared, and participants had to judge whether this face was part of the previous face array. P300 amplitude decreased as WM load increased, and this P300 suppression was observed at both encoding and retrieval. WM load was also found to modulate other ERPs. The amplitude of the N170 elicited by the target face decreased with load, and this N170 decrease leveled off at load 2, reflecting the behavioral WM capacity of around two faces. In addition, the N250r, observed as an ERP difference for target faces that were present in the encoding array relative to target faces that were absent, was also reduced for higher WM loads. These findings extend previous work by showing that P300 modulation by WM load also occurs for faces. Furthermore, we show, for the first time, that WM load affects the N250r and the early visual N170 component. This suggests that higher visual areas play an important role in WM for faces.

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