Use of Concrete Reinforcement to Control Content of Verbal Initiations in Group Therapy with Adolescents
Tokens in the form of ½-in. diameter metal washers were used with 8 hospitalized adolescents in group therapy to reinforce two classes of verbalization content. Class I verbalizations were statements of group members' own problems, while Class II verbalizations were statements which dealt with problems of fellow group members. Baseline frequencies of emission of both content classes were collected. During the first and third experimental phases Class I verbalizations were reinforced, with Class II verbalizations reinforced only during Phase II. Reinforcement was administered on a variable ratio 3 (VR 3) schedule, so that an average of one token was received by a group member for every three emitted verbalizations subject to reinforcement during a given session. Tokens earned in therapy were used to purchase a variety of items and privileges within the basic structure of a token economy system. Results clearly supported the hypothesis that the content of verbalizations in group therapy could be controlled through the differential use of concrete reinforcement.