Female Sex-Role Expectations and Authoritarianism

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Yonge ◽  
Mary C. Regan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Median Split

38 male and 38 female university students were classified by a median split on the Autonomy scale from the Omnibus Personality Inventory as authoritarian and non-authoritarian. Subjects also completed a modified version of a questionnaire developed by Hawley (1971) dealing with traditional versus androgynous female sex-role expectations. The five scores derived from this questionnaire are: Woman as Partner, Woman as Ingenue, Woman as Homemaker, Woman as Competitor, and Woman as Knower. As anticipated, authoritarian subjects held more traditional expectations. Men were significantly more traditional than women on two of the five scores, Woman as Homemaker and Woman as Competitor.

Assessing Personality With Multi-Descriptor Items

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Johannes Schult ◽  
Rebecca Schneider ◽  
Jörn R. Sparfeldt
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventories

Abstract. The need for efficient personality inventories has led to the wide use of short instruments. The corresponding items often contain multiple, potentially conflicting descriptors within one item. In Study 1 ( N = 198 university students), the reliability and validity of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) was compared with the reliability and validity of a modified TIPI based on items that rephrased each two-descriptor item into two single-descriptor items. In Study 2 ( N = 268 university students), we administered the BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory short version) and a similarly modified version of the BFI-10 without two-descriptor items. In both studies, reliability and construct validity values occasionally improved for separated multi-descriptor items. The inventories with multi-descriptor items showed shortcomings in some factors of the TIPI and the BFI-10. However, the other scales worked comparably well in the original and modified inventories. The limitations of short personality inventories with multi-descriptor items are discussed.

Beyond sex

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Kwan Cheung ◽  
Alex Lindsey ◽  
Eden King ◽  
Michelle R Hebl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Influence Tactics ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Occupational Commitment ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sex Role Identity

Purpose – Influence tactics are prevalent in the workplace and are linked to crucial outcomes such as career success and helping behaviours. The authors argue that sex role identity affects women’s choice of influence tactics in the workplace, but they only receive positive performance ratings when their behaviours are congruent with gender role expectation. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that these relationships may be moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results suggest that femininity is negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship is moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 657 women working in the construction industry were surveyed for their continuance occupational commitment and sex role identity and 465 supervisors whose responses are linked with the subordinates are surveyed for the women’s influence tactics and performance ratings. Findings – Results suggested that femininity was negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship was moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results also showed that women’s use of influence tactics was only positively received in terms of performance ratings when the influence tactic was congruent with gender role expectations. Research limitations/implications – The results of this current study suggest that not all women are equally likely to use influence tactics and not all tactics result in positive perceptions of performance. Feminine women in general refrain from using influence tactics unless they are driven to stay in a given occupation, but they only receive positive results when their behaviours are congruent with society’s gender role expectations. Originality/value – Past research has mostly focused on broad differences between males and females, and this study has shown that there are more nuanced differences that can more accurately describe the effects of gender disposition (i.e. sex role identity) on influence tactics. It also emphasizes the importance of occupational commitment as a boundary condition, which influences women to step out of their gender roles even though they may be penalized with lower performance ratings.

Studies in male-female sex role identification.

Psychotherapy ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Steinmann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identification ◽  
Female Sex

Role theory and the female sex role

Sex Roles ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Yockey
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female Sex

Body-Image Distortion and Dissatisfaction in University Students

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriett M. Mable ◽  
William D. G. Balance ◽  
Richard J. Galgan
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Body Image Distortion ◽  
Personality Variables

The present study investigated body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction for a sample of 75 male and 75 female university students, in relation to personality variables implicated in the literature, such as sex-role orientation, self-esteem, locus of control, and depression. Women perceived their weight deviation from the norm at over 15% above their actual deviation, whereas men distorted less than 1%. In a multiple regression analysis, none of the personality measures correlated significantly with body-image distortion; however, sex of subject accounted for 25% of its variance. Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with low self-esteem, externality, depression, and distortion. The relationship between body-image distortion and dissatisfaction, although significant, was surprisingly small Apparently, these two aspects of body-image disturbance represent quite distinct constructs.

scholarly journals Sattva Guna as a Predictor of Wisdom and PWB

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhani Sharma ◽  
Dr. Abha Singh ◽  
Dr. Sakshi Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Vedic Text ◽  
Western Psychology

The ancient Indian Vedic text places emphasis on balanced living through a conscious strive to evolve from lower states of being to higher ones thus providing physical, spiritual and psychological wellbeing. Similarly the western thought places emphasis on working on physical and psychological well being for humans to flourish and realise their infinite potential.  Hence, the present investigation is an attempt to draw a concomitance between Indian and Western Psychology on the topic of psychological well being and how wisdom and satvikta are related to this concept. For the purpose of this study a sample of 100 university students (50 males and 50 females) between the ages of 18-24 years were selected. Three scales namely- (i) PWAS (Practicing Wisdom Assessment Scale) (ii) Trigunatmak Personality Inventory, and (iii) Ryff’s Psychological Well Being were used.  Regression analyses was done. The results indicated that Sattva Guna significantly predicts PWB and Wisdom.

Comparison of Selected Methods of Transformations of Proportions

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
White Teachers ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Two Indices

44 female white teachers were observed for six separate 20-min. periods for a total of 88 hr. The frequency of approving and disapproving behaviors toward boys and girls were obtained and two indices consisting of proportions of approving to total behaviors of boys and girls were derived. After observation, the Bern Sex-role Inventory was administered to the teachers, and four groups of 11 teachers each were classified by a median-split procedure as androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated. The two proportions were then transformed to arc sine (angit), probit, and logit scales and compared to the results of the analysis of the nontransformed proportions. Differences in all analyses showed girls were more favorably perceived than boys; feminine teachers showed greatest differences and masculine teachers showed the smallest differences. All differences between approving behaviors of boys and girls were significant except for those of masculine teachers. The three transformations gave essentially similar results with approximately 4% greater non-error variance. The transformations eliminated a gross heterogeneity of variance in the proportions and the logit analysis was most sensitive to differences among types of teacher and pupil-sex groups. Implications were briefly discussed.

Rethinking femininity in organisations: Experimental insights into team composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Busse
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
And Performance ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Role Incongruity ◽  
Team Types

AbstractRole incongruity, sex role stereotypes and candidate selection procedures which oversatisfy masculine role expectations evoke an underrepresentation of femininity in organisations. The author seeks to remedy this bad state of affairs. This study is designed based on an experiment with 288 young executives simulating self-organised work groups and manipulated the degree of gender-related (not sex-related) heterogeneity. Results generally show a curvilinear relationship with an upright U-shaped format between heterogeneity and performance, team identity and intrateam communication. The major contribution in specific is that highly homogeneous teams outperform other team types in the short run, whereas highly heterogeneous teams succeed in the long run. Consequently, this work recommends ‘femininity enrichment’ in firms and discusses manageable practical advice to do so. As for the laboratory character, findings and implications for practicing managers have to be treated with caution. Finally, the most promising avenues for further research are illuminated.

Sex-Role Expectations and the Assumption of Leadership by College Women

1982 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Golub ◽  
Eileen Maxwell Canty
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Expectations
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