Effects of Ethnicity, Sex, and Age on MMPI Profiles

Planned comparisons of Mexican-American and Anglo-American profiles were made to probe previous inconsistent findings regarding source of scale differences. While cultural and socioeconomic factors have been demonstrated to affect this inventory, variables of ethnicity, sex, and age and their interactions have not been thoroughly assessed, due to variations in methodology, populations, and sample sizes. The applicability of MMPI to the Mexican-American population was also questioned. Variables of ethnicity, sex, and age, allowed to vary and function as independent measures through multiple analyses of variance, proved to be potent sources of variance. Cultural factors seem related to elevations for the Mexican-Americans on the Lie and Frequency scales. Effects attributable to sex alone occurred on the Hypochondriasis, Masculinity-Femininity, and Mania scales. Elevations on the Hypochondriasis, Psychopathic Deviate, and Paranoia scales were linked to effects of age. Elevations for Mexican-American women on the Hypochondriasis and Paranoia scales were ascribed to the interaction of ethnicity and sex. An interaction of sex and age occurred on the Correction scale, with women elevating the scale as a function of aging.

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PNPLA3 Polymorphisms and Liver Aminotransferase Levels in a Mexican American Population

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v35i4.17153 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Quan Li ◽

Hui-Qi Qu ◽

Anne R. Rentfro ◽

Megan L. Grove ◽

Shaper Mirza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Association ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Mexican American ◽

Population Based ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

American Population ◽

Genetic Associations ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

Mexican American Population

Purpose: This study examined genetic associations of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphisms and liver aminotransferases in an extensively documented, randomly recruited Mexican American population at high risk of liver disease. Methods: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the PNPLA3 gene (i.e., rs738409 and rs2281135) were genotyped in 1532 individuals. Population stratification was corrected by the genotyping of 103 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) for Mexican Americans. Results: Both PNPLA3 SNPs showed highly significant association with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, but was also, in males, associated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Haplotypic association test of the two SNPs suggested stronger genetic association with rs738409 than rs2281135. Obvious sex effects were observed: rs738409-sex interaction in ALT levels P=8.37x10-4; rs738409-sex interaction in AST levels P=5.03x10-3. Conclusions: This population study highlights a sex-specific association of PNPLA3 polymorphisms and elevated liver enzymes in a population-based study, independent of common pathological factors of the metabolic syndrome. The strong genetic association found in women≤50 years old, but not in women > 50 years old, suggests that sex hormones may mediate the sex effect.

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Language as a representation of Mexican American identity

English Today ◽

10.1017/s0266078410000131 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Carmen Fought

Keyword(s):

Mexican Americans ◽

Mexican American ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

Demographic Data ◽

The United States ◽

Minority Ethnic Group ◽

American Population ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The U.S ◽

Mexican American Population

Demographic data indicate that the English of Mexican Americans is destined to play a key role in the sociolinguistic study of language variation in the United States. In fact, Mexican American speakers are reported to account for more than 12.5% of the U.S. population. In 2003, the U.S. Census released data showing that Latinos and Latinas had replaced African Americans as the largest minority ethnic group in the U.S., and by 2007, 29.2 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican (Pew Hispanic Center, 2009). Moreover, in addition to the large numbers of Mexicans (first generation) and Mexican Americans (second generation) living in the Southwest, we are now seeing a new representation of these ethnic groups in other areas, such as the South. For example, between 1990 and 2000, North Carolina experienced a higher percentage of growth in its Mexican American population than any other state (Wolfram, Carter & Moriello, 2004).These statistics are important with respect to language because they reveal that a large and increasing population of English speakers in the U.S. are Latinos and Latinas of Mexican origin. Our notion of American English, then, must be extended to include the variety traditionally spoken by the children of Mexican immigrants in the U.S., generally referred to in the literature as Chicano English. In addition, if we look at the Mexican American population as a whole, we will find a number of other varieties of English spoken.

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Smokeless Tobacco Consumption by Mexican-American University Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.279 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 279-284

Author(s):

Linda C. Lopez

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Mexican American ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Mexican American Women ◽

State University ◽

American University ◽

American Women ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Anglo American

A modified version of the Illinois Department of Public Health Smokeless Tobacco Survey was administered to 220 women and 134 men attending a state university in New Mexico. The respondents included 65 male and 83 female Mexican-Americans as well as 118 female and 59 male Anglo-Americans. All Mexican-American women identified themselves as nonusers of smokeless tobacco. Of the Anglo-American women, one indicated that she used snuff, and 3 disclosed that they chewed tobacco. 33% of the Anglo-American men and 18% of the Mexican-American men stated that they used smokeless tobacco products. A chi-squared analysis showed this difference was significant. Implications are discussed.

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Chemerin Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Phenotypes in a Mexican-American Population

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-1833 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (8) ◽

pp. 3085-3088 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

Kiymet Bozaoglu ◽

David Segal ◽

Katherine A. Shields ◽

Nik Cummings ◽

Joanne E. Curran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mexican American ◽

American Population ◽

Mexican American Population

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Gender, Widowhood, and Long-Term Care in the Older Mexican American Population

Widows and Divorcees in Later Life ◽

10.4324/9781315864778-10 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 103-120

Keyword(s):

Mexican American ◽

Long Term Care ◽

American Population ◽

Term Care ◽

Mexican American Population

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Attitudes About Immigration

Durable Ethnicity ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190221492.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146-177

Author(s):

Edward Telles ◽

Christina A. Sue

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Mexican American ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

American Identity ◽

American Population ◽

Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽

Small Minority ◽

Mexican Heritage ◽

The Media

This chapter addresses Mexican Americans’ attitudes about Mexican immigrants in the context of mass immigration. In addition to the boundary that exists between persons of Mexican heritage and non-Latinos, there is another important social boundary operating that highlights Mexican Americans’ understandings of their own ethnicity and American identity—the boundary between Mexican immigrants and themselves. Study respondents displayed a broad range of attitudes toward immigrants, illustrating the internal diversity of the Mexican American population, which runs contrary to their treatment in the media as a homogeneous ethnic group in terms of attitudes, politics, and voting. This chapter also demonstrates the underlying ideologies, philosophies, and rationales that respondents used to justify their immigration positions: whereas many framed their views based on American ideals, only a small minority framed them in terms of their ethnicity, basing their perceptions in an understanding of Mexican immigrants as co-ethnics.

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