Interpersonal Orientation and Living Group Preferences: A Validity Check on FIRO-B

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubra Elaine Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Validity Check ◽  
Experimental College ◽  
Interpersonal Orientation ◽  
Group Preferences ◽  
Living Group

Construct validity of Schutz's FIRO-B was tested in terms of correlation with a Living Group Questionnaire developed to assess the interpersonal preferences of 123 students in an experimental college. After controlling for the intercorrelation of FIRO-B subscales, some Living Group Questionnaire items still appeared to tap more than one dimension of interpersonal need, but sex differences were found to account for the overlap. Results were seen as generally substantiating the validity of the FIRO-B.

Some Reliability and Validity Considerations on Australian Data from the Death Anxiety Scale

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Warren ◽  
P. N. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Do So

Data derived from an administration of the Death Anxiety Scale [1] to Australian samples is analyzed with a view to providing comparative cross-cultural observations as well as some indication of realiability and validity in the Australian context. Measures of central tendency and dispersion and sex differences were found to be comparable with other surveys of similar groups to those of the present study. The Scale does not appear to suffer from acquisence set, is internally reliable and groups that would be expected to score lower than others, do so – providing some indication of construct validity. The Scale is not “factorially-pure,” however, and at least three “sub-scales” can be identified. These sub-scales are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Validity Check ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

AbstractContemporary mate preferences can provide important clues to human reproductive history. Little is known about which characteristics people value in potential mates. Five predictions were made about sex differences in human mate preferences based on evolutionary conceptions of parental investment, sexual selection, human reproductive capacity, and sexual asymmetries regarding certainty of paternity versus maternity. The predictions centered on how each sex valued earning capacity, ambition— industriousness, youth, physical attractiveness, and chastity. Predictions were tested in data from 37 samples drawn from 33 countries located on six continents and five islands (totalN= 10,047). For 27 countries, demographic data on actual age at marriage provided a validity check on questionnaire data. Females were found to value cues toresource acquisitionin potential mates more highly than males. Characteristics signalingreproductive capacitywere valued more by males than by females. These sex differences may reflect different evolutionary selection pressures on human males and females; they provide powerful cross-cultural evidence of current sex differences in reproductive strategies. Discussion focuses on proximate mechanisms underlying mate preferences, consequences for human intrasexual competition, and the limitations of this study.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Italian Versions of the Gambling Urge Scale (GUS) and the Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino ◽  
Mauro Schiavella ◽  
Tian Po Oei
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Gender

AbstractGambling urges and gambling refusal self-efficacy beliefs play a major role in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. This study aimed to translate the Gambling Urge Scale (GUS) and the Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ) from English to Italian (GUS-I, GRSEQ-I) and to test their factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, concurrent validity, and gender differences in 513 individuals from the Italian community. Factor structure and construct validity were tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, internal consistency through Cronbach’s alpha, concurrent validity through correlations with gambling-related cognitions (GRCS-I), probable pathological gambling (SOGS-I), and gambling functioning (GFA-R-I). Results confirmed that the 6 items of the GUS-I load highly on one dimension of Gambling Urge, and each of the 26 items of the GRSEQ-I load highly on their relevant sub-dimension, among the following: situations/thoughts, drugs, positive emotions, negative emotions. Both scales are internally consistent and show concurrent validity with gambling-related cognitions, probable pathological gambling, and gambling functioning. Males score higher than females at the GUS-I; females score higher than males at the GRSEQ-I. The findings from the present study suggest that the GUS-I and the GRSEQ-I are internally consistent and valid scales for the assessment of gambling urges and gambling refusal self-efficacy in Italian individuals from the community, with significant repercussions in terms of assessment, prevention, and intervention.

Construct Validity of Selected Subtests of the ITPA

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty A. Hare ◽  
Donald D. Hammill ◽  
Nettie R. Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Parallel Tasks ◽  
Level Process

Six subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) were matched with parallel tasks which were equivalent to the subtests except in one dimension of the test's theoretical model. A total of 16 subtests and tasks were administered to 126 third grade children who met the same criteria used to select the original ITPA standardization sample. The data were factor analyzed using a principal components solution. Seven factors emerged and accounted for 66 percent of the variance. Each of the ITPA subtests loaded highly on only one factor. In addition, the subtests loaded with the other related tasks on factors which are clearly identifiable in terms of the model regarding level, process, and channel.

Prejudice Implicit Association Test Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Popa-Roch ◽  
Florian Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Group Preferences

Self-concept is accessible information that can be used when facing a demanding task. Based on findings suggesting that effects observed in Implicit Association Tests (IATs) could be partially explained by the procedural features of the task, we investigated the role of participants’ self-inclusion in target categories for group IATs. We propose that IAT constraints lead participants to use self-relevant heuristics related to their membership of target categories in order to respond rapidly, which contributes to IAT group preferences. Thus positive IAT effects should dramatically diminish if participants were induced not to use self-related heuristics. Study 1 showed that when mapping outgroup names and idiosyncratic characteristics of participants onto the same category during the IAT task, the IAT effect no longer occurs. Study 2 replicated these findings when associating outgroup-participants’ idiosyncratic characteristics prior to the completion of the standard IAT. Therefore inhibiting the use of self-related heuristics reduces IAT effects. The implications of our results for the construct validity of prejudice IATs are discussed.

Construct validity and sex differences in Cook-Medley hostility

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther R. Greenglass ◽  
Juhani Julkunen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity

Developmental Study of Person Perception in Boys and Girls

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Gail Crombie ◽  
Dolores Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
The Subject

This study investigated children's person perception to determine if sex differences in perception are congruent with sex differences reported in children's peer interactions. Girls were predicted to be more knowledgeable and to differentiate more than boys about peer characteristics. 93 children from Grades 2 and 5 completed a questionnaire describing two stimulus children on nine items. The stimulus children, both of the same sex as the subject, were classified as a close friend or as not being known very well by the subject. Analysis provided evidence for the construct validity of the measure of person perception but gave no indication of sex differences. The absence of sex differences was interpreted as providing a caution against the inference of dispositional causes of sex differences in peer interaction without direct evidence for such dispositional causes.

scholarly journals Construct Validity of an Instrument to Assess Major Depression in Parents in Epidemiologic Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmella A Roy ◽  
Mark Zoccolillo ◽  
Reut Gruber ◽  
Michel Boivin ◽  
Daniel Pérusse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Symptom Prevalence

Objective: The Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Quebec (LSCDQ) is a community study of children that examines the risk factors, such as parental depression, linked to childhood psychopathology and maladaptive functioning. Our goal was to test the construct validity of an instrument to assess major depression in the parents. Method: Parents of a representative sample of 2120 infants born in the province of Quebec in 1998 were selected. The major depression instrument was administered to the parents when the infants were aged 29 months. We tested the construct validity of the instrument by examining 1) sex differences in symptoms and prevalence, 2) the rank order of the prevalence of symptoms, 3) the clustering of symptoms, and 4) the association of depression with functional impairment and treatment-seeking behaviour. Results: Depression was twice as common in mothers as in fathers. Most mothers and fathers who reported ever being depressed for 2 or more weeks had also experienced at least 4 additional depression symptoms. The rank order of symptom prevalence was comparable to that found in other studies. At least 50% of parents reported having talked to a professional and that suffering from depression had interfered with their functioning. Conclusions: The expected sex differences, the rank order of symptom prevalence, the symptom clustering, and the associations with functional impairment and treatment-seeking behaviour support the construct validity of a brief questionnaire on parental major depression.

scholarly journals A Triadic Approach to the Construct Validity of the Assessment Center

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanja J. Kolk ◽  
Marise Ph. Born ◽  
Henk van der Flier
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Assessment Center ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract: This study examined the influence on construct validity of implementing the triad Feeling, Thinking, and Power as a taxonomy for behavioral dimensions in assessment center (AC) exercises. A sample of 1567 job applicants participated in an AC specifically developed according to this taxonomy. Each exercise tapped three dimensions, one dimension from each cluster of the taxonomy. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed evidence for construct validity. Thus, the ratings matched the a priori triadic grouping to a good extent. Practical implications are discussed.

Preschoolers' Collaborative Construction in Planning and Maintaining Imaginative Play

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artin Goncu ◽  
Frank Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Collaborative Construction ◽  
Imaginative Play ◽  
Dyadic Play

Developmental differences in the organisation and complexity of dyadic play were investigated. Based on the views of Bateson and Piaget organisation was defined in terms of verbal initiation, planning, symbolic representation, negotiation and termination of imaginative play. Complexity was defined as a range in which one or more than one dimension of planning and symbolic representation were expressed simultaneously. The sample consisted of 12 41/2-year-olds and 12 3-year-olds. There were six boys and six girls at each age level. The children were videotaped as same-age and same-sex dyads in two 20 minute sessions on consecutive days. The results indicated no age differences in the organisation of play. There were, however, developmental and sex differences in the complexity of play. The 4½-year-olds and girls more than 3-year-olds and boys expressed multiple dimensions of planning and symbolic representation. This finding lends support to the Piagetian notion that play symbols are combined in sequences with increasing age and is discussed in relation to the development of decentration.

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