Mediators of Perceptions of Stress among Community-Based Elders

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-314E ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Relationship

Research focusing on the relationship between the frequency of stressful life events and perceptions of stress among the aged has increased considerably over the past few decades. The present research focused on expanding the simple life-events/stress-perceptions paradigm by including several other variables that have previously been assumed to be associated with an increase in perceptions of stress among elderly persons. More specifically, the present investigation concerned evaluation of mediating effects of levels of social support, problem-solving, and frequency of daily hassles on the perceptions of stress by elderly individuals. A prospective design evaluated over a 24-mo. period was used to assess the mediating effects. A conceptual model of mediating effects was tested using path analysis statistical techniques on data from a sample of 80 community-based elderly volunteers. The postulated model accounted for 53% of the variance associated with the prediction of perceptions of stress among the elderly subjects. Implications for current theory and research in the study of mediating variables in the stress symptomatology of older adults are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Type of Prosthesis on Oral Environment and the Number of Missing Teeth in Elderly Persons

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of missing teeth (MT) and the statuses of oral environmental factors (the stimulated salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and the counts of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, andCandida) in the elderly. The subjects were 64 elderly subjects with fixed prostheses and 49 who wore removable partial dentures aged over 65 years. We used one-way ANOVA to test for overall differences of the number of MT among 5 oral environmental factors. The significant differences were observed in the lactobacilli counts for different number of MT. The number of MT increased with an increase in the lactobacilli counts with removable denture. In conclusion, for the patients wearing removable dentures, increasing number of MT was associated with an increase in the lactobacilli counts in saliva. For the patients with crowns and fixed partial dentures, the number of MT was not significantly affected by salivary mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and Candida counts.

Conflict Situations in the Elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Rocio Fernández-Ballesteros ◽  
Purificacion Diaz-Veiga ◽  
Maria Izal ◽  
Jose Manuel Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Stability

A potential source of variance in the occurrence of a large number of physical and behavioral disorders among elderly persons comes from stressful life events or conflictive situations experienced by this age group. We attempted to find their most frequent conflictive situations. In other studies, following the Goldfried and D'Zurilla (1969) procedure, 23 conflictive situations were selected. Two dimensions assessed were frequency of occurrence and the subjective conflictiveness of situations. In this study we tried to find for 51 volunteer subjects some psychometric properties of our inventory of conflictive situations. We measured the stability of the reported conflictive situations, their association with life satisfactions and health, and the covariation between the occurrence of the situations reported by subjects and those by their relatives. There was no relation between subjective appraisal of situations and their occurrence.

scholarly journals Is there a causal relationship between stress and migraine? Current evidence and implications for management

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anker Stubberud ◽  
Dawn C. Buse ◽  
Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
Erling Tronvik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the literature investigating a causal relationship between stress and migraine and evaluate its implications for managing migraine. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from 1988 to August 2021, identifying 2223 records evaluating the relationship between stress and migraine. Records were systematically screened. All potentially relevant records were thematically categorized into six mechanistic groups. Within each group the most recent reports providing new insights were cited. Results First, studies have demonstrated an association of uncertain causality between high stress loads from stressful life events, daily hassles or other sources, and the incidence of new-onset migraine. Second, major stressful life events seem to precede the transformation from episodic to chronic migraine. Third, there is some evidence for changes in levels of stress as a risk factor for migraine attacks. Research also suggests there may be a reversed causality or that stress-trigger patterns are too individually heterogeneous for any generalized causality. Fourth, migraine symptom burden seems to increase in a setting of stress, partially driven by psychiatric comorbidity. Fifth, stress may induce sensitization and altered cortical excitability, partially explaining attack triggering, development of chronic migraine, and increased symptom burden including interictal symptom burden such as allodynia, photophobia or anxiety. Finally, behavioral interventions and forecasting models including stress variables seem to be useful in managing migraine. Conclusion The exact causal relationships in which stress causes incidence, chronification, migraine attacks, or increased burden of migraine remains unclear. Several individuals benefit from stress-oriented therapies, and such therapies should be offered as an adjuvant to conventional treatment and to those with a preference. Further understanding the relationship between stress, migraine and effective therapeutic options is likely to be improved by characterizing individual patterns of stress and migraine, and may in turn improve therapeutics.

Mourning and Reminiscence: Parallel Psychotherapeutic Processes for Elderly People

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Viney ◽  
Yvonne N. Benjamin ◽  
Carol Preston
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Processes ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Mourning and reminiscence are therapeutic processes common in therapeutic work with the elderly. However, a theoretical explanation of why they are effective has been lacking. Personal construct theory accounts for both in terms of the search of elderly persons for validation of their construct systems. In this article, this explanation of the parallel psychotherapeutic processes is explored, together with relevant information from the literature on mourning and reminiscence. Therapeutic case studies illustrate the characteristics of the two processes and the relationship between them.

Antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescribing in Lombardy

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Percudani ◽  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
Ida Fortino ◽  
Michele Tansella ◽  
Lorenzo Petrovich
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYBackground – The patterns of antidepressant and antipsychotìc drag prescribing have rarely been studied in large and geographically defined catchment areas. In the present study we examined the prevalence and distribution of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescribing in Lombardy, a northern Italy region of nine million inhabitants. Methods – This study used the Regional Administrative Database of Lombardy. This database includes all prescriptions reimbursed by the National Health System in the population living in this region. All antidepressant and antipsychotic prescriptions dispensed from the 1st January to the 31st December 2001 were extracted and prevalence data calculated by dividing antidepressant and antipsychotic users by the total number of male and female residents in each age group. In addition, from the Regional database of hospital admissions we extracted all patients aged 65 or above with cerebrovascular-related outcomes for the year 2002. The two databases were linked anonymously with the aim of investigating the relationship between exposure to psychotropics and occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents in the elderly. Results – During the study period 404, 238 individuals were dispensed antidepressants, yielding a prevalence of use of 2.85 (95% CI 2.84, 2.87) per 100 males and 5.92 (95% CI 5.90, 5.94) per 100 females. The prevalence of use progressively rose with age in both sexes, with the highest rates in old and very old individuals. The majority of individuals received a pharmacological treatment with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors only, slightly more than 12% received a treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. A total of 86, 187 subjects were dispensed antipsychotic agents, yielding a prevalence of use of 0.87 (95% CI 0.86, 0.88) per 100 males and 1.01 (95% CI 1.00, 1.02) per 100 females. The prevalence of use progressively rose with age in both sexes, with the highest rates in old and very old subjects. Concerning the relationship between exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and occurrence of cerebrovascular (CBV) accidents, the analysis showed a significantly increased risk of CBV events in elderly subjects exposed to SGAs in comparison with those exposed to first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) (3, 31%, 95% CI 2, 95–3, 69 vs. 2, 37%, 95% CI 2, 19–2, 57). Finally the analysis indicated no differences in the proportion of cerebrovascular events in elderly subjects exposed to TCAs and SSRIs. Conclusions – The very high rates of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescribing detected in late life suggest the need of characterising these individuals in terms of medical and psychiatric characteristics, needs and quality of life. It also suggests the need for pragmatic clinical trials, carried out in the general practice, with the aim of assessing whether antidepressants are effective in these conditions. The data provide preliminary epidemiological evidence that exposure to SGAs, in comparison with exposure to FGAs, significantly increased the risk of cerebrovascular accidents in the elderly.Declaration of Interest: none.

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