INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM: CULTURAL ORIENTATION IN LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MORAL ATTRIBUTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE H. SANTIAGO
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Moral Attribution

Individualism and Collectivism: Cultural Orientation in Locus of Control and Moral Attribution under Conditions of Social Change

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose H. Santiago ◽  
Santo J. Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Moral Accountability ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moral Attribution

This study examined the validity of the view that the constructs of individualism and collectivism are coherent cultural manifestations necessarily reflected in an individual's attribution patterns. It was hypothesized that the attribution patterns of locus of control and moral accountability would show divergent individualistic and collectivistic influences in a culture during change from a collectivist culture to an individualist culture. 98 university students from the United States and Puerto Rico were administered the Singelis Individualism-Collectivism Scale, Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, and Miller and Luthar's justice-related moral accountability vignettes. Contrary to expectation, the Puerto Rican sample scored less external in locus of control than the United States sample. No cultural differences in moral accountability were found. No strong correlations were found among the variables at the individual level of analysis. Accounting for these results included the lack of representativeness of the samples, the independence of relation between variables at different levels of analysis, and social change.

scholarly journals Consumer Diversity In Multicultural Arenas: An Investigation Of Social Influences Between Asians And Westerners

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritika Kongsompong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumer Diversity

The impact of peoples orientation with regard to Collectivism/Individualism and to Locus of Control on the extent to which they are subject to social influence has never been investigated cross culturally in the context of consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions. The objective of this research is to compare the cultural orientations of people in the East and West, and to observe the effect of social influence in their decision making. In particular, this paper examines and adds evidence to the mutually exclusive cultures: Singapore, Thailand, Australia, and America. Hofstedes typology of cultures is reconfirmed and empirically associated with specific social influence variables on decision making. The findings provide either whole or partial supports for the hypotheses. In general, high collectivism is positively related with external locus of control and results in high level of social influence. There are exceptions, however, which highlight the need to incorporate other factors into understanding the role that cultural orientation plays in decision making.

Cultural and Personality Determinants of Leniency in Self-Rating among Chinese People

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lin Xie ◽  
Ziguang Chen ◽  
Jean-Paul Roy
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism

This study examines how cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) and personality (i.e., self-perceived superiority and exhibitionism) jointly affect self-rating among Chinese respondents from mainland China (N= 161), Hong Kong (N= 350), and Taiwan (N= 398). The results demonstrated that respondents with a more individualistic cultural orientation exhibit greater leniency in self-rating than those with a more collectivistic cultural orientation. Furthermore, self-perceived superiority and exhibitionism are related to high self-ratings among individuals who expressed low individualism values, but not among individuals who expressed high individualism or collectivism values. The results suggest that self-rating research needs to take both the individual's cultural values and personality traits into account.

scholarly journals A multidimensional approach to the relationship between individualism-collectivism and guilt and shame

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Young ◽  
Pooya Razavi ◽  
Taya R. Cohen ◽  
杨芊 ◽  
Miquel Alabèrnia-Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The One ◽  
Interpersonal Situations ◽  
The Relationship

Guilt and shame proneness are commonly thought to be associated with culture, yet research on this relationship is fragmented and often inconsistent. In a comprehensive review of the existing social scientific literature, we demonstrate that no consistent relationship between guilt and shame, on the one hand, and individualism and collectivism, on the other, has yet been established. To move this research area forward, we apply a new two-dimensional, quaternary perspective to both guilt/shame and cultural orientation. Specifically, both evaluative and behavioral dimensions of guilt and shame are considered using the Guilt and Shame Proneness scale (GASP; Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011), as well as the degree of hierarchy (i.e., horizontality-verticality) in individuals’ cultural orientation (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). A study of individuals from five countries (US, India, China, Iran, and Spain; total N = 1,466) confirmed our hypotheses that individuals culturally socialized to be more interpersonally oriented (i.e., horizontal collectivism) are more motivated to engage in reparative action following transgressions, whereas those culturally socialized to be more attuned to power, status, and competition (i.e., vertical individualism) are more likely to withdraw from threatening interpersonal situations, and that these relationships are stronger than corresponding relationships with guilt- and shame-related evaluations. In addition to supporting these hypotheses, our data also provide the first cross-cultural evidence regarding the invariance of the GASP.

scholarly journals Ατομικισμός – Συλλογικότητα και σχολικός εκφοβισμός

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Στέλιος Γεωργίου ◽  
Κυριακή Φουσιανή
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Parental Style ◽  
Peer Violence ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between bullying at school and cultural value orientation constitutes one of the most interesting topics in the international literature during the recent years. Media in Western countries, where individualist cultural values prevail, present collectivist societies as less sensitive towards individual freedom and individual needs. For this reason, they postulate that phenomena such as peer violence and bullying at school are more frequent and more intense in societies where individuals are subordinated to the coercion and expectations of the group. Some recent studies confirm the above rationale and attribute it to the authoritarian parental style that such societies adopt. however, some other studies support the idea that collectivism is a cultural orientation that aims to prevent individuals from getting involved in violent actions against the powerless. Power distance, a cultural dimension referring to the way that power is allocated among people, with either individualist or collectivist cultural values, seems to be the key for the clarification of this issue. Both individualism and collectivism can have a horizontal and a vertical dimension of power distance. horizontal power distance fosters equality and cooperation, whereas vertical power distance underlines hierarchy and submission to the directives of authority. The current paper aims to explore the relationship between the above variables presentingfindings from empirical research.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Children’s Recommended Punishment of Moral Transgressions

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Richard L. Miller ◽  
Tyler L. Collette
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Moral Transgressions ◽  
Severity Of Punishment ◽  
Recommended Level

The purpose of this research was to examine the severity of punishment recommended by children for moral transgressions. Using Hofstede’s (1980) distinction between individualism and collectivism, we examined the severity of punishment recommended by eight to twelve year old children for moral transgressions that violated a cultural value. Participants were children of various nationalities enrolled in a summer camp on the island of Mallorca, Spain. The children were classified as either individualist or collectivist using the Children’s Self-Construal Scale (Lewis et al. 2000). Each child reacted to nine moral transgressions, two of which were universal and seven of which reflected transgressions of either individualist or collectivist values. The results indicated that children classified as collectivists recommended harsher punishments for transgressions of collectivist values, whereas individualists did not vary in their recommended level of punishment for transgressions against both collectivist and individualist values. Keywords: individualism, collectivism, moral judgments, cultural orientation, moral transgressions

Talking Across Cultures in Early Intervention: Finding Common Ground to Meet Children's Communication Needs

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Peña ◽  
Christine Fiestas
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Caregiver Role

Abstract In this paper, we explore cultural values and expectations that might vary among different groups. Using the collectivist-individualist framework, we discuss differences in beliefs about the caregiver role in teaching and interacting with young children. Differences in these beliefs can lead to dissatisfaction with services on the part of caregivers and with frustration in service delivery on the part of service providers. We propose that variation in caregiver and service provider perspectives arise from cultural values, some of which are instilled through our own training as speech-language pathologists. Understanding where these differences in cultural orientation originate can help to bridge these differences. These can lead to positive adaptations in the ways that speech-language pathology services are provided within an early intervention setting that will contribute to effective intervention.

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