Abstract
Well cementing in high temperature and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) corrosive environment presents challenges in preventing cement compressive strength retrogression and selecting weighting agents inert to H2S.
This paper presents the development of a cementing system for high pressure high temperature (HPHT) well with bottom hole static temperature in excess of 165°C, a drilling fluid density of 2.19 SG and a high concentration of H2S. A major operator in the Caspian Sea region accepted the cement design and successfully used it on the production liner section of the HPHT well.
Cementing of the production liner was complex due to the requirement for a high-density cement system, narrow margin between the pore pressure and frac gradient, HPHT conditions and 18% H2S concentration in the formation fluid. Comprehensive laboratory testing was performed to evaluate the properties of the cement system including measurements of thickening time and compressive strength evaluation using a UCA and destructive method using ultra-HPHT curing chamber for cube sample curing.
The presence of H2S limited the use of conventional weighting agents such as hematite and hausmannite, and the high temperature environment dictated the need for quartz silica. These factors required a nonstandard approach to cement blend formulation and flowability assessment.
During cement system optimization, the target slurry density was achieved using barite which has a lower density compared to other common weighting agents and significantly reduces cement content in the blend but also is inert to H2S corrosion.
A further challenge encountered during cement system optimization was strength retrogression that could not be prevented by the conventional approach of adding 30-40% quartz silica by weight of cement into the system. To overcome strength retrogression, much higher concentrations of silica were required. As a result, the low cement content led to insufficient compressive strength development at liner hanger depth. A solution was found by adding a Vinylamide/Vinylsulfonated polymer (VA/VS) polymer in a certain proportion to the slurry design. Thus, at elevated temperatures, it was observed that the VA/VS polymer tended not to delay compressive strength development while still extending the slurry thickening time.
The developed heavy weight cement system was successfully implemented to isolate the 7-in liner on HPHT well. All the stages of job planning, design and execution, along with the slurry optimization process are presented.
The Mechanism of Compressive Strength Development for Cement Pastes Cured at High Temperature and the Possibility of Additives as to Improve Long-Term Strength
