Cage Exposure of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) for in Situ Assessment of Pollution-Related Genotoxicity

Cage Exposure of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) for in Situ Assessment of Pollution-Related GenotoxicityGenotoxic effects are often the earliest signs of pollution-related environmental disturbance. In this study, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to assess DNA damage in the erythrocytes of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to environmental pollution in situ. Fish were collected from a fish farm in the Trogir Bay and their cages placed at an unpolluted reference site Šolta (Nečujam Bay) and a polluted site Vranjic (Kaštela Bay) for four weeks. A group of fish which remained at the fish farm Trogir Bay were used as the second control group. Fish exposed at the Vranjic site showed a significantly higher erythrocyte DNA damage, measured by the comet assay, than either control group. Micronucleus induction showed a similar gradient of DNA damage, but did not reach statistical significance. Our results show that cage exposure of a marine fish D. labrax can be useful in environmental biomonitoring and confirm the comet assay as a suitable tool for detecting pollution-related genotoxicity.

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Persistent Increased Frequency of Genomic Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: Before, during, and after Treatments

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/2846819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz ◽

André Luiz Pinho Sobral ◽

Jaqueline Nascimento Picada ◽

Ivana Grivicich ◽

Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Buccal Cells ◽

Oncological Treatment

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

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Dietary Phytogenics and Galactomannan Oligosaccharides in Low Fish Meal and Fish Oil-Based Diets for European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles: Effects on Gill Structure and Health and Implications on Oxidative Stress Status

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.663106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Torrecillas ◽

Genciana Terova ◽

Alex Makol ◽

Antonio Serradell ◽

Victoria Valdenegro-Vega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Control Group ◽

Plant Origin ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Oxidative Stress Status

An effective replacement for fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) based on plant-based raw materials in the feed of marine fish species is necessary for the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. However, the use of plant-based raw materials to replace FM and FO has been associated with several negative health effects, some of which are related to oxidative stress processes that can induce functional and morphological alterations in mucosal tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary oligosaccharides of plant origin (5,000 ppm; galactomannan oligosaccharides, GMOS) and a phytogenic feed additive (200 ppm; garlic oil and labiatae plant extract mixture, PHYTO) on the oxidative stress status and mucosal health of the gills of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The experimental diets, low FM and FO diets (10%FM/6%FO) were supplemented with GMOS from plant origin and PHYTO for 63 days. GMOS and PHYTO did not significantly affect feed utilization, fish growth, and survival. GMOS and PHYTO downregulated the expression of β-act, sod, gpx, cat, and gr in the gills of the fish compared with that in fish fed the control diet. The expression of hsp70 and ocln was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the GMOS group compared with that in the control group, whereas the expression of zo-1 was downregulated in the PHYTO group compared with that in the GMOS group. The morphological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical parameters of the fish gills were mostly unaffected by GMOS and PHYTO. However, the PHYTO group had lower incidence of lamellar fusion than did the control group after 63 days. Although the tissular distribution of goblet cells was unaffected by GMOS and PHYTO, goblet cell size showed a decreasing trend (−11%) in the GMOS group. GMOS and PHYTO significantly reduced the concentration of PCNA+ in the epithelium of the gills. The above findings indicated that GMOS and PHYTO in low FM/FO-based diets protected the gill epithelia of D. labrax from oxidative stress by modulating the expression of oxidative enzyme-related genes and reducing the density of PCNA+ cells in the gills of the fish.

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Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

Croatian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.2478/cjf-2018-0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Puthan Variyam Vidya ◽

Kumari Chidambaran Chitra

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Tail Length ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to extend knowledge on the adverse effects of nanoparticles by evaluating genotoxicity as environmental risk assessment in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the selected nanoparticles, namely silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs-12mg/L), aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs-4mg/L), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs-16.4mg/L) and iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs-15mg/L) for short-term (24, 72 and 96 h) and long-term durations (15, 30 and 60 days). Genetic damages such as cytoplasmic, nuclear and DNA damage were measured in the erythrocytes of fish by using standard genotoxicity tests such as micronucleus test and comet assay. The frequencies of micronuclei along with nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were scored and compared with the control group. The intensity of micronuclei along with other nuclear and cytoplasmic anomalies are found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in time-dependent manner in all exposure groups when compared to the control group, thereby indicating chromosomal damage as a result of contact with nanoparticles. The tail length and percent of tail DNA within the comet significantly (p<0.05) increased in time-dependant manner after exposure to all nanoparticles, demonstrating an increase in DNA damage. Taken together, by using micronucleus test and comet assay, it is evident that the selected nanoparticles at sublethal concentrations induced genetic damage in Oreochromis mossambicus.

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Parental selection for growth and early-life low stocking density increase the female-to-male ratio in European sea bass

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93116-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Geffroy ◽

Manuel Gesto ◽

Fréderic Clota ◽

Johan Aerts ◽

Maria J. Darias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Sex Differentiation ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Early Growth ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

European Sea Bass

AbstractIn European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), as in many other fish species, temperature is known to influence the sex of individuals, with more males produced at relatively high temperatures. It is however unclear to what extent growth or stress are involved in such a process, since temperature is known to influence both growth rate and cortisol production. Here, we designed an experiment aiming at reducing stress and affecting early growth rate. We exposed larvae and juveniles originating from both captive and wild parents to three different treatments: low stocking density, food supplemented with tryptophan and a control. Low stocking density and tryptophan treatment respectively increased and decreased early growth rate. Each treatment influenced the stress response depending on the developmental stage, although no clear pattern regarding the whole-body cortisol concentration was found. During sex differentiation, fish in the low-density treatment exhibited lower expression of gr1, gr2, mr, and crf in the hypothalamus when compared to the control group. Fish fed tryptophan displayed lower crf in the hypothalamus and higher level of serotonin in the telencephalon compared to controls. Overall, fish kept at low density produced significantly more females than both control and fish fed tryptophan. Parents that have been selected for growth for three generations also produced significantly more females than parents of wild origin. Our findings did not allow to detect a clear effect of stress at the group level and rather point out a key role of early sexually dimorphic growth rate in sex determination.

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