scholarly journals Evaluation of Influence of Briquetted Synthetic Slags on Slag Regime and Process of Steel Desulphurization

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Socha ◽  
K. Michalek ◽  
J. Bažan ◽  
K. Gryc ◽  
P. Machovčák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Synthetic Slag ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Slag Regime ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Reducible Oxides

Abstract This paper presents the industrial results of evaluation of efficiency of synthetic slags during the treatment of steel at the equipment of the secondary metallurgy under conditions of the steel plant VÍTKOVICE HEAVY MACHINERY a.s. The aim of the heats was to assess the influence of the briquetted and sintered synthetic slags based on Al2O3 aiming the course of the steel desulphurization and slag regime during the production and treatment of steel grade 42CrMo4 with the technology EAF→LF→ VD. Within the plant experiments, basic parameters influencing the steel desulphurization and slag regime were monitored: desulphurization degree, basicity, content of easily reducible oxides, proportion of CaO/Al2O3 and Mannesmann’s index. Obtained results allowed to compare the steel desulphurization and to evaluate the slag regime. It was proved that the synthetic slag presenting the briquetted mixture of secondary corundum raw materials can adequately replace the synthetic slag created from the sintered mixture of natural raw materials.

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PREPARING TOBACCO LEAVES FOR DRYING ON THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF QUALITY OF TOBACCO RAW MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Ульянченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Basic Parameters

Исследовано влияние приема прорезания средней жилки на основные качественные показатели табачного сырья. Исследования проводили на листьях основных сортотипов табака Трапезонд и Остролист по массовым ломкам. Прорезание жилки осуществляли на инновационном оборудовании экспериментальном образце линии подготовки листьев табака к сушке ЛПТС360 (ВНИИТТИ, Краснодар). Качество табачного сырья с прорезанной жилкой определяли по товарным сортам, технологическим и курительным свойствам, химическому составу по методикам лабораторного контроля ВНИИТТИ. Инновационный способ подготовки табака к сушке в едином потоке с применением технологического оборудования, включающего прорезатель, выявил положительный технологический результат. Установлена эффективность приема прорезания средней жилки: срок естественной сушки листьев с прорезанной жилкой сократился в 2,5 раза выход 1го товарного сорта сырья составил 74,60 87,93 выход волокна сырья с прорезанной жилкой превышает минимальное значение технологических норм (75) в 1,15 1,26 раз условный расход сырья на единицу курительных изделий меньше норматива на 6 25 улучшен основной показатель химического состава табачного сырья (число Шмука) в 1,6 4,6 раза у сортотипа Трапезонд, в 1,2 1,5 раза у сортотипа Остролист дегустационные свойства сырья не ухудшились. Инновационный способ подготовки листьев табака к сушке, включающий прием прорезания средней жилки, рекомендуется для применения в производстве табачного сырья. The influence of middle vein cutting method on the main quality indicators of tobacco raw materials is studied. Studies were carried out on the leaves of the main varieties of tobacco Trapezond and Ostrolist, on mass breakdowns. Vein cutting was carried out on the innovative equipment of the line of preparation of tobacco leaves for drying LPTS360 (GNU VNIITTI RAA, Krasnodar). The quality of tobacco raw materials with a cut vein was determined by commercial grades, technological and Smoking properties, chemical composition in accordance with the methods VNIITTI. An innovative method of preparing tobacco for drying in a single stream with the use of technological equipment, including a cutter, revealed a positive technological result. The period of natural drying of leaves with cut veins decreased by 2,5 times. The yield of the 1st commercial grade of raw materials was 74,60 87,93. The output of the fiber raw material with cut vein exceeds the minimum value of technological norms (75) in 1,15 1,26 times. Conditional consumption of raw materials per unit of Smoking products is less than the norm by 6 25. The method of cutting the middle vein of the leaves improves the main indicator in the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials (Schmuck ratio) 1,6 4,6 times in the variety Trapezond and 1,2 1,5 times in the variety Ostrolist. The tasting properties of raw materials have not deteriorated. Analysis of raw material quality indicators showed that the innovative method of cutting the middle vein is effective and recommended for use in the production of tobacco raw materials.

Chapter 4. Britain's Prospects for 1961

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
House Building ◽  
Industrial Capacity

It is not likely that insufficient industrial capacity would by itself prevent an appreciable rise in production this year. Table 26 sums up the results of the Institute's annual enquiry into this question. At the end of last year there was of course much more spare capacity in the vehicles industry than a year earlier; but the figures also show much less spare capacity in general engineering, as a consequence of the boom in output in capital goods (page 8). Capital goods producers, however, have more freedom to subcontract than industries which are tied to a production line; the enquiry showed that a number of makers of steel plant and machine tools, for instance, were already increasing capacity by sub-contracting. Subcontractors to the consumer durables and motor car trades can often switch to capital goods trades. Nevertheless, since manufacturers are planning to continue the rapid rise in their investment, delivery delays of some capital goods may lengthen and imports of plant and machinery may increase rapidly.No important raw materials shortages were reported in the enquiry. Steel should be plentiful again in 1961. It is possible that brick production might hold back any further rise in house building.

Mineral Lightweight Renders of Modified Composition for Final Facade Surface Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2806-2809
Author(s):  
Tomáš Melichar ◽  
Jiří Bydžovský
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Filling Agent ◽  
Basic Parameters

The intention of the research presented in this article was to study the basic physico-mechanical parameters of mineral lightweight renders. Both alternative and primary raw materials were used to modify the filling agent; namely utilized quartz sand, diatomite and hydrophobised perlite. Determining and evaluating the basic parameters of plasters with the modified composition enabled to assess the effect of substituting the filling agent within the particular designed formulas. Emphasis was placed on the parameters in the fresh and hardened conditions of the plasters – workability, water volume, density, compressive and flexural strength. It was found that by appropriately adjusting the water dosage then better parameters could be obtained than in the reference formula – commonly commercially produced renders.

scholarly journals Initial Properties Identification of Refined- and Semi Refined-Carrageenans as Raw Materials for Biodegradable Plastic Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Bakti Berlyanto Sedayu ◽  
Putri Wullandari ◽  
Arif Rahman Hakim ◽  
Dina Fransiska
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Flexible Film ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Clear Plastic

Powdered refined- and semi-refined carrageenans (RC and SRC) have been characterized as alternative raw materials for industrial bioplastic production. Several basic parameters, i.e., the melting temperature, crystallinity, chemical structure (FTIR), and tensile properties, were observed. The melting temperature of RC was slightly higher than that of SRC, i.e., 176 °C and 172 °C, respectively. These temperatures were corresponded to their crystallinity degree (performed by X-ray diffraction). Nonetheless, the SRC demonstrated an overall higher thermal stability during heating. RC produced a clear transparent film. Meanwhile, SRC was yellowish and less transparent. The overall mechanical properties showed that RC produced more flexible film than SRC. However, both materials showed relatively equal tensile strength. In general, RC and SRC could be potentially used for biodegradable film production with different applications. RC was suitable for a flexible and clear plastic film, whereas SRC was suitable for rigid plastic film applications.

Production of DMR 249A Steel at SAIL, Bokaro Steel Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Mallik ◽  
Biswasi Sunita Minz ◽  
Basudev Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hot Strip Rolling ◽  
Strip Rolling ◽  
Structural Applications

Low alloy steels are an attractive option for high performance structural applications due to cost and availability factors. A low carbon low alloyed steel, DMR 249A, was developed for strategic applications by Indian Navy at Steel Melting Shop II, Bokaro Steel Plant (SMS II, BSL). This paper enumerates the detail process variables modified for this development. DMR 249A grade was having the specified gas contents of hydrogen <2 ppm in final product for the avoidance of detrimental phenomenon like “Hair Line Cracks”. So the Hydrogen content of liquid steel was to be less than 3 ppm and this demand vacuum treatment of the steel. In absence of any Degassing unit at SMS II, BSL, making of DMR 249A steel was a challenging task. The hydrogen content of steel was controlled through restriction of hydrogen in input raw materials, control in degree of deoxidation during tapping, slag basicity at ladle furnace, argon rinsing regime and cooling of slabs i.e. control over diffusion of H2. The steel was produced with the existing infrastructure at Bokaro Steel Plant with various alloying elements and processed suitably to obtain the desired yield strength, toughness and gaseous content. The control was exercised at various stages of steel making and hot strip rolling to enable achievement of a higher degree of consistency in mechanical properties and microstructure. Quality fulfillment was a great challenge without vacuum degasser unit but Bokaro successfully made the steel with 100% customer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Technology elaboration for borate ore utilization at iron ore pellets production

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
B. P. Yur’ev ◽  
V. A. Dudko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Iron Ore Pellets ◽  
Ore Pellets ◽  
Slag Regime

Input of intensifying additives, influencing the strengthening of iron ore pellets, can be one of methods to strengthen the pellets and to decrease the volume of fines in them. Boron oxide ore borate ore can be used as such additives. Study of technology aspects of boron-containing pellets production and elaboration of technology of boron input into Kachkanar vanadiumcontaining raw materials was the purpose of the study, aimed at exclusion from BF burden of sinter, which does not contain vanadium. A possibility was justified to use borate ore at iron ore pellets production by a partial substitution of bentonite. Influence of borate ore additives on pellets metallurgical properties studied. As a result of laboratory studies it was determined, that the borate ore has not binding properties and its utilization is possible only in a mixture with bentonite. Optimal content of borate ore in pellets determined, exceeding of which a decrease of reducibility is observed, accompanied by a considerable swelling, which makes impossible the utilization of such pellets in blast furnaces. It was shown, that input of optimal volume of borate ore additives enables to keep the reducibility and swelling at the level of Kachkanar pellets being produced. The mechanism of borate ore content influence on strength characteristics of burnt pellets and their behavior during reducing studied. The regularity of borate ore additives influence on cold and hot pellets strength determined. It was determined, that at input of 0.5% of borate ore practically does not influence on the pellets reducibility while swelling will be constant. The input of borate ore up to 2% will result in a sharp increase of swelling. The decrease of reducibility with simultaneous increase of swelling of pellets having more than 0.5% of borate ore does not allow using such pellets in blast furnaces. Recommendations provided for slag regime optimizing, decreasing of metal losses with slag and test BF heats of pellets, having optimal additives of borate ore and bentonite carrying out.

scholarly journals Influence of synthetic slag added during the tapping on inclusion features of a vacuum degassed LCAK steel grade

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Gilberson Mendonça Storck Melo ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Silva ◽  
Johne Jesus Mol Peixoto ◽  
Jose Roberto Oliveira ◽  
Caio Vaccari Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Grade ◽  
Synthetic Slag

Study of Alternative Raw Materials Parameters for Modification of Cement-Bonded Particleboards Composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Melichar ◽  
Jiří Bydžovský ◽  
Šárka Keprdová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Final Surface ◽  
Basic Parameters

The cement-bonded particle boards can be used among other also with reconstructions of various types of buildings as a part of final surface treatment. The paper deals with partial results of the research focused on optimisation of cement-bonded particle board composition with alternative raw materials. Specifically it is analyzing of basic parameters of the waste originating during processing (modification of surface format and quality) of the boards. Upon results and findings a design of new formulas of cement-bonded particle boards is mentioned further, i.e. the composition modified with above stated waste. The outputs presented in the article form an important initial information source in the solved questions. In view of subsequent phases of the research it is a relatively essential and also it can be said a key phase.

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