scholarly journals Application of B-theory for numerical method of functional differential equations in the analysis of fair value in financial accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Abdullah Albarakati ◽  
Yuhan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Stability And Convergence ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Historical Cost

Abstract Financial accounting, the use of historical cost of assets, is an important basic principle of historical cost, which is to become the dominant mode of accounting measurement. Background analyses, as well as the historical cost basis and fair value, result from the development of the theory of historical cost and fair value. Historical cost and fair value measurement model has its own advantages and problems. Based on this background, the paper applies B-theoretical numerical methods to differential equations pan function analysis for calculation of fair value accounting and conducts theoretical analysis of their stability and convergence. Finally, numerical examples with different methods of calculating an approximate solution are provided and a comparison of the various methods is done based on the results obtained. The results show fair value accounting better meets the needs of the target –decision-making availability, compared to historical cost or fair value, more in line with the requirements of Accounting Information Quality.

Fair Value Accounting for Property-Liability Insurers and Classification Decisions under FAS 115

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Godwin ◽  
Kathy Petroni ◽  
James Wahlen
Keyword(s):  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Accounting Numbers ◽  
Sample Property ◽  
Important Objective

The first objective of this study is to describe the substantial differences across property-liability insurers in accounting classification decisions for fixed maturity securities during 1991–1995. This period includes the years before adoption, upon initial adoption, and after adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 (FAS 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”). The second and more important objective of this study is to test two risk-based explanations for differences in investment classification decisions under FAS 115. Under this new standard, firms are required to classify fixed maturity investment securities into trading portfolios, available-for-sale portfolios, or held-to-maturity portfolios. These classification decisions determine whether these securities are recognized at fair value or historical cost. On one hand, the decision to classify securities as available-for-sale rather than held-to-maturity (and thus apply fair value accounting) increases the time-series volatility of key accounting numbers such as owners' equity and total assets, which may be costly for insurers with low tolerance for accounting volatility. On the other hand, the choice to classify securities as available-for-sale (and thus apply fair value accounting) reduces liquidity risk because the accounting standards (and SEC enforcement practices) limit management's ability to sell securities that are not recognized at fair value. The empirical analyses examine whether the security classification decisions of the sample property-liability insurers are associated with firm specific characteristics that reflect liquidity risk and the tolerance for accounting volatility. The findings show that managers of property-liability insurers make tradeoffs between liquidity risk and concerns about accounting volatility when making investment classification decisions under FAS 115.

scholarly journals Financial Accounting Measurement Model Based on Numerical Analysis of Rigid Normal Differential Equation and Rigid Functional Equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Yan ◽  
Bahjat Fakieh ◽  
Ragab Ibrahim Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Functional Equation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Measurement ◽  
Functional Differential ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The initial value problem of stiff functional differential equations often appears in many fields such as automatic control, economics and its theoretical and algorithmic research is of unquestionable importance. The paper proposes a rigid functional equation based on the integral process method of the financial accounting measurement model of numerical analysis. This method provides a unified theoretical basis for the stability analysis of the solution of the functional differential equation encountered in the integrodifferential equation and the financial accounting fair value measurement model of investment real estate.

scholarly journals Valuation Implications of FAS 159 Reported Gains and Losses From Fair Value Accounting for Liabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2110178
Author(s):  
Sung Gon Chung ◽  
Cheol Lee ◽  
Gerald J. Lobo ◽  
Kevin Ow Yong
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Gains And Losses

This study examines the economic implications of fair value liability gains and losses arising from the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159 (hereafter, FAS 159). We find a positive correspondence between a firm’s FAS 159 fair value liability gains and losses and current period stock returns, consistent with the notion that these gains and losses are priced by equity investors. However, further analysis indicates that fair value gains and losses from liabilities have a statistically significant negative association with future returns, suggesting that investors misprice this earnings component and subsequently correct the mispricing. We also find that the negative association for fair value gains is stronger for firms with lower levels of institutional ownership.

scholarly journals MENGUPAS PERSOALAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN - GOODWIL DI BERBAGAI NEGARA : SUATU PENDEKATAN STUDI LITERATUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Standard

This literature study explains and describe the development of the concept of goodwill from the perspective of accounting by observing and describing until the development at this time, discusses differences in accounting standards of goodwill applicable in some countries, and explains the things that contradict the goodwill. This research method used qualitative with literature study. The results of this study are in some countries, the concepts and rules on goodwill accounting have undergone various changes, including international accounting standards issued by the IASC. Initially goodwill is capitalized and amortized over no more than 20 years. But, along with the increasing use of fair value accounting in accounting standards, thetreatment for goodwill also experienced a shift that is eliminated by the amortization method is replaced by doing impairment test to goodwill. The results of this study contribute as add to the treasury of financial accounting literature, especially accounting treatment of goodwill as intangible assets in the financial statements of various countries such as Indonesia, America and the England.Keyword :Goodwiil, Impairment, Financial Accounting Standard

Monotone Semiflows Generated by Neutral Functional Differential Equations With Application to Compartmental Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Wu ◽  
H. I. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stability And Convergence ◽  
Strong Monotonicity ◽  
Neutral Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Neutral Equations ◽  
Functional Differential ◽  
Monotone Dynamical Systems

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the machinery necessary to apply the general theory of monotone dynamical systems to neutral functional differential equations. We introduce an ordering structure for the phase space, investigate its compatibility with the usual uniform convergence topology, and develop several sufficient conditions of strong monotonicity of the solution semiflows to neutral equations. By applying some general results due to Hirsch and Matano for monotone dynamical systems to neutral equations, we establish several (generic) convergence results and an equivalence theorem of the order stability and convergence of precompact orbits. These results are applied to show that each orbit of a closed biological compartmental system is convergent to a single equilibrium.

Harmonization, Comparability, and Fair Value Accounting

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzion Barlev ◽  
Joshua Rene Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
The Common

In this paper, we focus on the relationships between international accounting harmonization (IAH) and the paradigm of Fair Value Accounting (FVA). Accountants rely on the accounting concept of comparability in defining IAH and are in agreement that a set of internationally implemented Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is required for a “complete harmonization.” We argue, however, that a second requirement—a common denominator for measuring, recording, and reporting business transactions, assets, liabilities, and equities—is necessary to reach a state of a “complete IAH.” We explain the logic behind the requirement of a common denominator and assert that IAH is feasible under the paradigm of FVA, but not under that of Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). This is true because the concept of fair value, but not historical cost, provides the common denominator necessary for a meaningful comparison of accounting data. We then argue that the paradigm of FVA acts as a catalyst in a harmonization cycle: FVA propels IAH and IAH provides more relevant information that may foster the efficiency of global markets, which improves the quality of the FVA figures.

scholarly journals Fair value accounting volgens de IASB en Limperg

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Henk Langendijk
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Zeer Veel

Fair value is een belangrijk waardebegrip wat in zeer veel International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) is opgenomen, waarbij in bepaalde gevallen ook de ongerealiseerde waardestijgingen in de winst- en verliesrekening worden opgenomen. Limperg zag fair value (= de directe en indirecte opbrengstwaarde) niet als een waardebegrip op de voorgrond maar op de achtergrond. Waardering tegen vervangingswaarde had voor hem het primaat. Toch kan ook volgens Limperg fair value wel worden toegepast. Hierbij moet worden gedacht aan impairments van materiële vaste activa (in zijn taalgebruik extra-afschrijvingen) en waardering van vaste activa die worden aangehouden voor de verkoop (en dus niet meer dienstbaar aan de productie). Voorts is fair value voor hem ook mogelijk als waarderingsgrondslag bij zelfstandige vruchtdragers (effecten en woonhuizen), indien deze fair value gelijk is aan de vervangingswaarde. Het direct verantwoorden van de ongerealiseerde waardestijgingen van zelfstandige vruchtdragers ging hem te ver. Deze stijgingen moeten volgens hem op een herwaarderingsreserve worden geboekt. Dit is een belangrijk verschil met de IFRSs waarbij voor bepaalde effecten en voor vastgoedbeleggingen – mits als waarderingsgrondslag voor fair value is gekozen – directe verantwoording van ongerealiseerde waardestijgingen in de winst- en verliesrekening is voorgeschreven.

scholarly journals An Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Fair Value Accounting: Impact On Financial Reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen T. Cascini ◽  
Alan DelFavero
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
The Cost

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 242;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The accounting industry is in a state of continuous change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In the United States, the historical cost principle has traditionally been the foundation of accounting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Until recently, assets and liabilities have been required to be recorded at their acquisition prices, with the exception of designated financial assets and financial liabilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>However, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has now created accounting standards that are distant from the cost principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157: Fair Value Measurements, issued in September 2006 (FAS157, now codified as ASC 820) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159: The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, created in February 2007 (FAS159, now ASC 825-10-25), significantly increases the viability of fair value accounting. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the benefits and pitfalls of fair value and the corresponding affects on various stakeholders. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals The Critical Aspect on Fair Value Accounting And Its Implication To Islamic Financial Institutions.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-304
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Majid ◽  
Safri Haliding
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Accounting Measurement ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Critical Aspects

The Critical Aspect on Fair Value Accounting And Its Implication To Islamic Financial Institutions. Fair value accounting (FVA) paradigm replaced the historical cost accounting (HCA) in the development of accounting standards that FVA is more relevant that HCA probably did not provide the real financial and income information. This paper tries to explore critical aspects of the fair value accounting and its implications to Islamic Financial Institutions implications. This study concludes that that fair value accounting measurement provides many critical aspects to be implemented to Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). AAOIFI proposed cash equivalent value as respond to fair value measurement that cash equivalent value when the attribute condition are present such as the relevance, reliability and understandability of the resulting information  DOI:10.15408/aiq.v6i2.1236

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