scholarly journals Presence of specific antibodies and proviral DNA of small ruminant lentiviruses in lambs in their first weeks of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Olech ◽  
Piotr Kubiś ◽  
Czesława Lipecka ◽  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
In Utero ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Early Removal ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of proviral DNA and colostral antibodies in lambs born to and fed by ewes infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). It was demonstrated that all 20 lambs tested 24 h after colostrum ingestion were serologically positive with high antibody titres. These gradually decreased with time, and at week 12 all lambs were seronegative. Twenty percent of lambs tested at the 2nd week postpartum were provirus positive by qPCR as a result of consumption of infected colostrum or in utero infection. When tested at three months of life, 95% of the lambs were provirus positive, probably as a result of horizontal transmission of the virus. Since these animals could play an important role in the early propagation of SRLV to susceptible herdmates, early removal of provirus-positive animals could help to prevent new infections.

scholarly journals Evolution of Specific Antibodies and Proviral DNA in Milk of Small Ruminants Infected by Small Ruminant Lentivirus

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2614-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Barquero ◽  
Esperanza Gomez-Lucia ◽  
Alvaro Arjona ◽  
Cristina Toural ◽  
Alfonso Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Proviral Dna

scholarly journals The identification of Salmonella enteritidis-infected poultry flocks associated with an outbreak of human salmonellosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. van de Giessen ◽  
J. B. Dufrenne ◽  
W. S. Ritmeester ◽  
P. A. T. A. Berkers ◽  
W. J. van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYIn the summer of 1991 a human outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection occurred following a barbecue in which about 100 persons were involved. Eggs, supplied by one or more of 10 different layer farms, were the most probable source of the infection. To identify the S. enteritidis-positive flocks, an immunoassay was used to detect salmonella serogroup D-specific antibodies in the yolk of hens eggs. Antibody titres in the eggs from two layer farms, farm A and B, clearly exceeded the titres found in randomly collected eggs. Further investigations on farm A and B yielded high antibody titres in the eggs from flocks A1, A2 and B2, and low titres in the eggs from flock B1. S. enteritidis was isolated from the faecal samples of flocks A1, A2 and B2, whereas no salmonella was detected in the faecal samples of flock B1. The flocks present on both farms originated from the same breeder flock.

scholarly journals Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Vladimír Celer
Keyword(s):  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Orf1 Protein ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Serological Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Torque Teno Sus Virus ◽  
High Antibody Titre ◽  
Antigenic Epitopes

The aim of this work is to identify antigenic regions within the ORF1 protein of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno virus sus 2 (TTSuV2) that could be used as antigens to detect virus-specific antibodies following infection in pigs. Protein sequences of TTSuV ORF1 genes were analysed to predict linear antigenic epitopes. Synthesized peptides were analysed for serological reactivity with swine sera. Such an antigenic region was identified at the C terminus of the ORF1 protein of both viruses and showed serological reactivity with 78 % (TTSuV1) and 88 % (TTSuV2) of swine sera. An ELISA with an immunodominant peptide as antigen was used to examine the sera of piglets, aged 4–20 weeks, and adults. Results indicated that TTSuV1- and TTSuV2-specific antibodies were detectable at 4 weeks. Antibody titres increased from week 10 and peaked at week 20. A relatively high antibody titre persisted to adulthood.

scholarly journals Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Marta Arrieta ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Largo ◽  
Irache Echeverría ◽  
Raúl Resendiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981–2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.

The presence of small ruminant lentiviruses in Mexican Pelibuey sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. Sánchez ◽  
Humberto A. Martínez ◽  
María M. García ◽  
Germán Garrido ◽  
Luis Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Pelibuey Sheep ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Anne K. Storset ◽  
Espen Rimstad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Group Designation ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep, are lentiviruses that, despite overall similarities, show considerable genetic variation in regions of the SRLV genome. To gain further knowledge about the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among field isolates of SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas, the full-length genomic sequence of a CAEV isolate (CAEV-1GA) and partial env sequences obtained from Norwegian CAEV-infected goats were determined. The genome of CAEV-1GA consisted of 8919 bp. Alignment studies indicated significant diversity from published SRLV sequences. Deletions and hypervariability in the 5′ part of the env gene have implications for the size of the proposed CAEV-1GA Rev protein and the encoded surface glycoprotein (SU). The variable regions in the C-terminal part of SU obtained from Norwegian CAEV isolates demonstrate higher sequence divergence than has been described previously for SRLVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on SU sequences gives further support for a unique group designation. The results described here reveal a distant genetic relationship between Norwegian CAEV and other SRLVs and demonstrate that there is more geographical heterogeneity among SRLVs than reported previously.

scholarly journals Some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Tizard ◽  
Norman A. Fish ◽  
Joseph P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dry Conditions

SUMMARYBetween 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the Sabin- Feldman Dye test for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.Analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across Canada. In addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions occurred each year in the Fall. The suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in ten Canadian cities were related to their average summer rainfall. The significance of these observations in relation to the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this country is discussed. The influence of patient age on the prevalence of infection was also investigated; the results obtained suggested that at least 75% of infants with high antibody titres against T. gondii had obtained these antibodies by placental transfer from their mothers.

scholarly journals Postnatal decline of maternally acquired viral antibodies of different specificities

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cloonan ◽  
R. A. Hawkes ◽  
L. H. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Viral Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Rubella Antibody

SUMMARYThe rates of decline (half-lives) of maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities in a group of infants were found to be highly variable, ranging from 18 to 192 days for parainfluenza type 3 antibody (54 infants) and from 15 to 251 days for influenza A2 antibody (nine infants). For antibodies of both specificities approximately 75% of the half-lives were between 15 and 60 days. With parainfluenza type 3 antibody, and possibly with influenza A 2 antibody, the half-lives were inversely proportional to the initial antibody titre of the babies' sera. This relationship could be described by a rectangular hyperbola. Babies with high antibody titres at birth lost this antibody rapidly whereas in babies with low initial titres antibody declined over a longer period.The half-lives of parainfluenza type 3 antibody and influenza A 2 antibody were compared with that of rubella antibody in the same group of infants (previously published). Maternally acquired viral antibodies of different specificities did not necessarily decline at similar rates in any given child. In nine infants, maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities (rubella and parainfluenza type 3) declined at significantly different rates in the same child. It is suggested that although the half-life of antibody of a given specificity is related to its concentration in the serum, it is independent of the level of serum antibodies of other specificities.

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