scholarly journals The identification of Salmonella enteritidis-infected poultry flocks associated with an outbreak of human salmonellosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. van de Giessen ◽  
J. B. Dufrenne ◽  
W. S. Ritmeester ◽  
P. A. T. A. Berkers ◽  
W. J. van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYIn the summer of 1991 a human outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection occurred following a barbecue in which about 100 persons were involved. Eggs, supplied by one or more of 10 different layer farms, were the most probable source of the infection. To identify the S. enteritidis-positive flocks, an immunoassay was used to detect salmonella serogroup D-specific antibodies in the yolk of hens eggs. Antibody titres in the eggs from two layer farms, farm A and B, clearly exceeded the titres found in randomly collected eggs. Further investigations on farm A and B yielded high antibody titres in the eggs from flocks A1, A2 and B2, and low titres in the eggs from flock B1. S. enteritidis was isolated from the faecal samples of flocks A1, A2 and B2, whereas no salmonella was detected in the faecal samples of flock B1. The flocks present on both farms originated from the same breeder flock.

scholarly journals Presence of specific antibodies and proviral DNA of small ruminant lentiviruses in lambs in their first weeks of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Olech ◽  
Piotr Kubiś ◽  
Czesława Lipecka ◽  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
In Utero ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Proviral Dna ◽  
Early Removal ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of proviral DNA and colostral antibodies in lambs born to and fed by ewes infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). It was demonstrated that all 20 lambs tested 24 h after colostrum ingestion were serologically positive with high antibody titres. These gradually decreased with time, and at week 12 all lambs were seronegative. Twenty percent of lambs tested at the 2nd week postpartum were provirus positive by qPCR as a result of consumption of infected colostrum or in utero infection. When tested at three months of life, 95% of the lambs were provirus positive, probably as a result of horizontal transmission of the virus. Since these animals could play an important role in the early propagation of SRLV to susceptible herdmates, early removal of provirus-positive animals could help to prevent new infections.

scholarly journals Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Vladimír Celer
Keyword(s):  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Orf1 Protein ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Serological Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Torque Teno Sus Virus ◽  
High Antibody Titre ◽  
Antigenic Epitopes

The aim of this work is to identify antigenic regions within the ORF1 protein of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno virus sus 2 (TTSuV2) that could be used as antigens to detect virus-specific antibodies following infection in pigs. Protein sequences of TTSuV ORF1 genes were analysed to predict linear antigenic epitopes. Synthesized peptides were analysed for serological reactivity with swine sera. Such an antigenic region was identified at the C terminus of the ORF1 protein of both viruses and showed serological reactivity with 78 % (TTSuV1) and 88 % (TTSuV2) of swine sera. An ELISA with an immunodominant peptide as antigen was used to examine the sera of piglets, aged 4–20 weeks, and adults. Results indicated that TTSuV1- and TTSuV2-specific antibodies were detectable at 4 weeks. Antibody titres increased from week 10 and peaked at week 20. A relatively high antibody titre persisted to adulthood.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study describing time to Salmonella seroconversion in piglets on three farrow-to-finish farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cevallos-Almeida ◽  
Christelle Fablet ◽  
Catherine Houdayer ◽  
Virginie Dorenlor ◽  
Florent Eono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPigs are frequently colonised with Salmonella enterica, and this constitutes a major risk for human salmonellosis. The infection can be assessed by the serological response of pigs to S enterica. A longitudinal study was undertaken on-farm to correctly describe this serological response and investigate factors associated with age at Salmonella seroconversion.MethodsThree pig farms and in each farm three successive batches were considered. Per batch, 40 piglets were selected at random from 10 sows (four piglets per sow). Blood was sampled from sows one week after farrowing and from piglets at weeks 1, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 and at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella antibodies were detected in serum using a commercial ELISA test. Factors related to farm characteristics, batch management system, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome infection, and sows’ Salmonella serological status were recorded to assess their effect on age at seroconversion.ResultsAt week 1 after farrowing, 96.5 per cent of the sows had antibodies against Salmonella. The serological results of piglets at weeks 1 and 6 only were positively correlated with those of the sows. The average age at Salmonella seroconversion was 137±2.2 days (confidence interval at 95 per cent). The first seroconversions occurred from weeks 10 to 14, but most of the pigs (54.6 per cent) were seropositive at the end of the fattening period, with variations between farms and batches (28.9–75.7 per cent). Herd/farm was significantly associated with age at seroconversion.ConclusionThis longitudinal study allowed the authors to follow precisely the evolution of Salmonella seroconversion from maternity to slaughterhouse and confirm the relationship between the seroconversion of sows and serology of their piglets. Moreover, factors related to farm practices and management as a whole are more influential than individual factors (at the pig level) on age at Salmonella seroconversion.

scholarly journals Some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Tizard ◽  
Norman A. Fish ◽  
Joseph P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dry Conditions

SUMMARYBetween 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the Sabin- Feldman Dye test for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.Analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across Canada. In addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions occurred each year in the Fall. The suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in ten Canadian cities were related to their average summer rainfall. The significance of these observations in relation to the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this country is discussed. The influence of patient age on the prevalence of infection was also investigated; the results obtained suggested that at least 75% of infants with high antibody titres against T. gondii had obtained these antibodies by placental transfer from their mothers.

scholarly journals Postnatal decline of maternally acquired viral antibodies of different specificities

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cloonan ◽  
R. A. Hawkes ◽  
L. H. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Viral Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Rubella Antibody

SUMMARYThe rates of decline (half-lives) of maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities in a group of infants were found to be highly variable, ranging from 18 to 192 days for parainfluenza type 3 antibody (54 infants) and from 15 to 251 days for influenza A2 antibody (nine infants). For antibodies of both specificities approximately 75% of the half-lives were between 15 and 60 days. With parainfluenza type 3 antibody, and possibly with influenza A 2 antibody, the half-lives were inversely proportional to the initial antibody titre of the babies' sera. This relationship could be described by a rectangular hyperbola. Babies with high antibody titres at birth lost this antibody rapidly whereas in babies with low initial titres antibody declined over a longer period.The half-lives of parainfluenza type 3 antibody and influenza A 2 antibody were compared with that of rubella antibody in the same group of infants (previously published). Maternally acquired viral antibodies of different specificities did not necessarily decline at similar rates in any given child. In nine infants, maternally acquired antibodies of two different specificities (rubella and parainfluenza type 3) declined at significantly different rates in the same child. It is suggested that although the half-life of antibody of a given specificity is related to its concentration in the serum, it is independent of the level of serum antibodies of other specificities.

scholarly journals Therapeutic challenges in two adolescent male patients with Fabry disease and high antibody titres

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 100618
Author(s):  
Aizeddin A. Mhanni ◽  
Christiane Auray-Blais ◽  
Michel Boutin ◽  
Alie Johnston ◽  
Kaye LeMoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Male Patients

scholarly journals Salmonella outbreak from microwave cooked food

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Evans ◽  
S. M. Parry ◽  
C. D. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microwave Cooking ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Cooked Food

SummaryFollowing a buffet meal served to six guests at a private domestic function, five of the guests and the host developed symptoms of food poisoning. Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) was isolated from all four individuals who submitted faecal samples for investigation. Leftover samples of a savoury rice dish consumed by all six ill persons contained 6×103/gm Salmonella enteritidis PT4. The rice salad comprised boiled rice, raw carrots, eggs, cheese and curry powder. The curry powder and remainder of the pack of six eggs were negative on microbiological analysis. The rice dish had been prepared by heating in a 500 W microwave oven with a rotating turntable on full power for 5 min. Although the hazards of inadequate microwave cooking are well recognized, this is only the second outbreak of food poisoning from microwave cooking to be reported.

scholarly journals How do pig farms maintain low Salmonella prevalence: a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (15) ◽  
pp. 1909-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Smith ◽  
V. Andres ◽  
T. E. Cheney ◽  
F. Martelli ◽  
R. Gosling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Control Study

AbstractSalmonella prevalence in UK pigs is amongst the highest in Europe, highlighting the need to investigate pig farms which have managed to maintain a low Salmonella seroprevalence. A total of 19 pig farms that had a consistently low (<10%) seroprevalence over 4 years (named Platinum farms) were compared against 38 randomly selected Control farms, chosen to match the same distribution of production types and geographical distribution of the Platinum farms. Each farm was visited and floor faeces and environmental samples were collected. It was shown that Control farms had a significantly higher median percentage of pooled faecal samples positive for Salmonella compared with the Platinum farms (12.1% and 0.4% for pooled faecal samples, respectively) and were more likely to have serovars of public health importance detected (S. Typhimurium/ monophasic variants or S. Enteritidis). Considering the comprehensive on-farm sampling, the identification of farms negative for Salmonella, along with the identification of those that had maintained low prevalence over a long period is important. The risk factor analyses identified pelleted feed, feed deliveries crossing farm perimeter and regular antibiotic use as associated with being a Control farm. Performance data indicated that Platinum farms were performing better for slaughter live weight than Controls. Limited assessments of available pig movement records suggested that the source of pigs was not key to Platinum status, but further study would be needed to confirm this finding. These results emphasise that maintaining very low prevalence on UK farms is achievable.

scholarly journals Single radial haemolysis: a survey of antibody titres in the Highland Region of Scotland to recent strains of Influenza A

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. L. Joss ◽  
J. K. McPherson ◽  
H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Highland Region ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Haemolysis Test

SUMMARYThe single radial haemolysis test is conveniently practical and economical and promises to have wide applicability in the study of influenza antibodies in human populations. It can also be adapted for preliminary examination of new virus isolates during epidemics.Using this test a rather higher proportion of the population in the Highland Region of Scotland was found to possess antibody to a recent epidemic strain of influenza (A/Scotland/74) than was the case in the south of England. Antibody was detected and apparently evenly spread throughout all but the most remote island communities. Some evidence of the spread of the subsequent variant, A/Victoria/75, was obtained. Most of the school children in our study had high antibody titres to recent strains but the proportion with high antibody titres to these strains declined speedily from the age of 17 years onwards.

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