scholarly journals New Drug Delivery Systems Concept in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care—Controlled Release of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Anca Dinu ◽  
Mihai Sandesc ◽  
Sonia Elena Popovici ◽  
Razvan Gabriel Dragoi ◽  
Amaricai Elena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractWith time, medical and pharmaceutical research has advanced significantly. However, one of the major issues is how to administer the active substance. Among these, it counts over-or under-dosage of the active substance, low response to treatment, or increased clinical risk of the patient. An innovative method able to avoid these obstacles is represented by controlled release systems for active substances. The interest for these systems came with allowing encapsulation in the antibiotic release matrices, local anesthetics, protein or other substances. Moreover, a number of such vehicles are now available to release controlled substances used predominantly in the anesthesia and intensive care unit.

scholarly journals New Drug Delivery Systems Concept in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care—Controlled Release of Active Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Bratu ◽  
Anca Dinu ◽  
Mihai Sandesc ◽  
Sonia Elena Popovici ◽  
Razvan Gabriel Dragoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractWith time, medical and pharmaceutical research has advanced significantly. However, one of the major issues is how to administer the active substance. Among these, it counts over- or under-dosage of the active substance, low re­sponse to treatment, or increased clinical risk of the patient. An innovative method able to avoid these obstacles is represented by controlled release systems for active substances. The interest for these systems came with allowing encapsulation in the antibiotic release matrices, local anesthetics, protein or other substances. Moreover, a number of such vehicles are now available to release controlled substances used predominantly in the anesthesia and intensive care unit.

From the carrier of active substance to drug delivery systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Barbara Jadach
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Improve Form ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Active Substances

Development and innovation all the time are in interests of pharmaceutical science and evaluation of different dosage forms. They are concerned with the aim of compliance of patients. All the time different research groups try to develop and improve form of drugs to receive better bioavailability or strict control of dose, place and time of action of active substances. This is possible by using different excipients; biodegradable, biocompatible polymers that work like a carriers; developing simple drug delivery systems, which in time became more and more complicated; nanotechnology that control size, shape and multi-functionality of particulate drug delivery systems. This review shows the main points in the evaluation of pharmaceutical researches from simple carriers of active substances to drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Veterinary Medicinal Products to Treat Varroosis on the Ukrainian Market in the Context of Risk Factors Analysis for Honey Bees

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
State Register ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

Purpose. To collect information on available on the Ukrainian market veterinary medicinal products to treat honey bee varroosis caused by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000; to systematize the information and compile the list of the veterinary medicinal products taking into account the content of active substances, dosage form and producer. Methods. Analysis of the information obtained in 2015–2020 by surveying beekeepers, direct communication with them, browsing Internet resources, visiting veterinary pharmacies; creation of an information database of anti-Varroa medicinal products. Results. As for September 2020, at least 136 items of veterinary medicinal products to treat varroosis are available on the market in Ukraine, of which 79 are imported. They contain ten active substances (amitraz – in 37 products, fluvalinate – 30, flumethrin – 12, bromopropylate – 5, coumaphos – 2, acrinatrin – 1, thymol – 14, formic acid – 6, lactic acid – 6, oxalic acid – 9), vegetable essential oils and other substances. However, as for February 2020, only 17 anti-Varroa products have been included into the State Register of Veterinary Medicinal Products Permitted for Use in Ukraine. Analogs with the same concentration of the same active substance from different producers have been identified; drugs with the same name but different origins, differing both in the concentration of the active substance and in the dosage form; numerous technical errors in the indication of initial concentrations on the sites of online stores, as well as other risks associated with the dishonesty of sellers. Conclusions. The obtained results stress the need to strengthen control over the market of veterinary medicaments to treat honey bee varroosis in Ukraine.

Thermal Behaviour of Candesartan Active substance and in pharmaceutical compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902
Author(s):  
Ioana Cristina Tita ◽  
Eleonora Marian ◽  
Bogdan Tita ◽  
Claudia Crina Toma ◽  
Laura Vicas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Thermal analysis is one of the most frequently used instrumental techniques in the pharmaceutical research, for the thermal characterization of different materials from solids to semi-solids, which are of pharmaceutical relevance. In this paper, simultaneous thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for characterization of the thermal behaviour of candesartan cilexetil � active substance (C-AS) under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and nonisothermal conditions, in comparison with pharmaceutical product containing the corresponding active substance. It was observed that the commercial samples showed a different thermal profile than the standard sample, caused by the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical product and to possible interaction of these with the active substance. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used as complementary techniques adequately implement and assist in interpretation of the thermal results. The main conclusion of this comparative study was that the TG/DTG and DSC curves, together with the FT-IR spectra, respectively X-ray difractograms constitute believe data for the discrimination between the pure substance and pharmaceutical forms.

An Overview of Excipients Classification and Their Use in Pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansel Kose Ozkan ◽  
Ozgur Esim ◽  
Ayhan Savaser ◽  
Yalcin Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Product Identification ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Active Substances

: The content and the application of pharmaceutical dosage forms must meet several basic requirements to ensure and maintain efficiency, safety and quality. A large number of active substances have limited ability to direct administration. Excipients are generally used to overcome the limitation of direct administration of these active substances. However, the function, behavior and composition of the excipients need to be well known in the design, development and production of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, excipients used to assist in any pharmaceutical dosage form production processes of drugs, to preserve, promote or increase stability, bioavailability and patient compliance, to assist in product identification / separation, or to enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the drug delivery system during storage or use are explained. Moreover, the use of these excipients in drug delivery systems are identified. Excipient toxicity, which is an issue discussed in the light of current studies, also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Should the CIWA-Ar be the standard monitoring strategy for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the intensive care unit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Steel ◽  
Shewit P. Giovanni ◽  
Sarah C. Katsandres ◽  
Shawn M. Cohen ◽  
Kevin B. Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Verbal Responses

Abstract Background The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) is commonly used in hospitals to titrate medications for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), but may be difficult to apply to intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are too sick or otherwise unable to communicate. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of CIWA-Ar monitoring among ICU patients with AWS and variation in CIWA-Ar monitoring across patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods The study included all adults admitted to an ICU in 2017 after treatment for AWS in the Emergency Department of an academic hospital that standardly uses the CIWA-Ar to assess AWS severity and response to treatment. Demographic and clinical data, including Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) assessments (an alternative measure of agitation/sedation), were obtained via chart review. Associations between patient characteristics and CIWA-Ar monitoring were tested using logistic regression. Results After treatment for AWS, only 56% (n = 54/97) of ICU patients were evaluated using the CIWA-Ar; 94% of patients had a documented RASS assessment (n = 91/97). Patients were significantly less likely to receive CIWA-Ar monitoring if they were intubated or identified as Black. Conclusions CIWA-Ar monitoring was used inconsistently in ICU patients with AWS and completed less often in those who were intubated or identified as Black. These hypothesis-generating findings raise questions about the utility of the CIWA-Ar in ICU settings. Future studies should assess alternative measures for titrating AWS medications in the ICU that do not require verbal responses from patients and further explore the association of race with AWS monitoring.

FAILURE OF THE METHOD OF PARALLEL BIOASSAY TO IDENTIFY ACETYLCHOLINE IN MIXTURES OF SUBSTANCES WITH ACETYLCHOLINE-LIKE ACTIVITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Hosein ◽  
Teow Yan Koh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
Other Substances

The method of parallel bioassay used on the sensitized frog rectus, the dorsal muscle of the leech, the guinea pig ileum, and the cat's blood pressure has been studied to determine whether this method permits the identification of acetylcholine in mixtures of substances which possess acetylcholine-like activity. It was found that the method cannot identify acetylcholine in such mixtures, and in addition, the data obtained indicated that the method also failed to identify other substances with similar pharmacological activity, which were present in the mixtures. It was concluded that the method of parallel bioassay cannot be used to identify acetylcholine in extracts unless it is shown by other means that acetylcholine is the only active substance present in the material being assayed.

Comprehensive Review on Hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Chopra ◽  
Inderbir Singh ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Tanima Bhattacharya ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Bone Engineering ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Repeated Dosing

: The conventional drug delivery systems have a long list of issues of repeated dosing and toxicity arising due to it. The hydrogels are the answer to them and offer a result that minimizes such activities and optimizes therapeutic benefits. The hydrogels proffer tunable properties that can withstand degradation, metabolism, and controlled release moieties. Some of the areas of applications of hydrogels involve wound healing, ocular systems, vaginal gels, scaffolds for tissue, bone engineering, etc. They consist of about 90% of the water that makes them suitable bio-mimic moiety. Here, we present a birds-eye view of various perspectives of hydrogels, along with their applications.

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