scholarly journals Modelling the impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour market in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fatun ◽  
Michal Pazour
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article describes an original model developed in the Technology Centre CAS for the estimation of the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the labour market in Czechia. On the contrary to the previous estimates, this model is based on the comparison of projected future technical capabilities of AI with a mix of capabilities needed in different job categories. Both the importance and the level of capabilities are taken into account in order to assess the impact of AI on jobs in three different time horizons. Based on the model calculations, it can be expected that on the five-year horizon the AI will be able to replace more than 50% of the required capabilities in 11 % of the occupations. On the thirty-year horizon, AI can replace over 50% of capabilities in the vast majority of the current professions. At the same time, new professions will continuously emerge, though they will place different demands on their performers and will require different skills and capabilities in comparison to current professions. The model and its results may be effectively used for efficient adaptation of education, lifelong learning and retraining to the changing nature of work, and related new demand for workers’ capabilities.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Labour Relations in Estonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Kristi Joamets ◽  
Archil Chochia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The third industrial revolution, the digital revolution, affected economy and thus labour relations, too. Now the so-called fourth revolution, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, will cause further massive changes in the labour market. This is not just about the caution that robots will replace all employees, but this also raises a question about new skills the labour market requires the employees to have. Scientific literature and the EU policy documents do not cover the AI – labour market issues in a unified approach, however welcoming the development of new technologies on the one hand, with concerns about weakening the labour force by jobs loses, on the other hand. The article elucidates the AI revolution and analyses the AI influence on labour market, specifically identifying the new skills required, based on relevant scientific literature and the EU policy documents. Considering the AI impact on labour relations, continuous alteration of skills and knowledge offered should be of special concern– it is not only about a labour relation per se, new models emerge all the time in the labour market. The authors also investigate the impact of AI on the Estonian labour market, i.e. whether the AI´s effects appear as disastrous as expected or simply a welcome development for the welfare of the state. The article discusses how AI impacts labour relations and which professions fall in a greater risk of disappearing and, more specifically, the AI´s influence on the Estonian labour market.

scholarly journals The impact of optical character recognition artificial intelligence on the labour market

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Riczu ◽  
Zsolt Krutilla
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Employee Competencies ◽  
The Impact

Because of present day information technology, there is neither need to plant complicated computers for more millions price if we would like to process and store big amounts of data, nor modelling them. The microprocessors and CPUs produced nowadays by that kind of technology and calculating capacity could not have been imagined 10 years before. We can store, process and display more and more data. In addition to this level of data processing capacity, programs and applications using machine learning are also gaining ground. During machine learning, biologically inspired simulations are performed by using artificial neural networks to able to solve any kind of problems that can be solved by computers. The development of information technology is causing rapid and radical changes in technology, which require not only the digital adaptation of users, but also the adaptation of certain employment policy and labour market solutions. Artificial intelligence can fundamentally question individual labour law relations: in addition to reducing the living workforce, it forces new employee competencies. This is also indicated by the Supiot report published in 1998, the basic assumption of which was that the social and economic regulatory model on which labour law is based is in crisis.

Career Education in a Changing World of Work

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie A. Irving ◽  
Sajida Raja
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Career Education ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Perspective ◽  
Forward Looking ◽  
Changing World

This article identifies the impact of a rapidly changing world of work upon the provision of career education, and considers the need to implement a radical response. Moving away from narrow definitions of career as “linear progression and work preparation”, a “new” career education paradigm is discussed that is proactive, dynamic, forward looking and critical, locating career education at the centre of the school curriculum. It is imperative for career education to develop an “organic” model that demonstrates relevancy and meaning by embracing and involving all sections of the wider community. Questions are raised about the current philosophy of career education and the extent to which it reflects and transmits the inequities of the current labour market. A critical framework is proposed that seeks to actively empower students by enabling them to review and evaluate the changes taking place, from both a social and individual perspective. Implications for practice and delivery of career education are identified and located within a lifelong learning context.

scholarly journals HOW DO NEW EU MEMBER STATES COMPLY WITH THE FLEXICURITY CONCEPT?

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Laporšek ◽  
Primož Dolenc
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The paper analyses the state of implementation of flexicurity policy components in the NMS and, by using panel regression analysis, estimates the impact of employment protection legislation, expenditures for active employment policies, participation in lifelong learning and net replacement rate on labour productivity and on long-term unemployment. The empirical analysis has shown that the labour markets in the NMS, on the overall, are not more rigid as compared to the EU-15; however, problematic remains low expenditure on active labour market policies, education and social protection, and the low participation in lifelong learning. NMS must, according to the results of the panel linear regression, improve their performance in the mentioned areas in order to improve their labour productivity and decrease long-term unemployment.Key words: flexicurity, labour market, labour productivity, long-term unemployment, European Union

Trading faces: Complete AI face doubles avoid the uncanny valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Welker ◽  
David France ◽  
Alice Henty ◽  
Thalia Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Full Face ◽  
The Impact

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) enable the creation of videos in which a person appears to say or do things they did not. The impact of these so-called “deepfakes” hinges on their perceived realness. Here we tested different versions of deepfake faces for Welcome to Chechnya, a documentary that used face swaps to protect the privacy of Chechen torture survivors who were persecuted because of their sexual orientation. AI face swaps that replace an entire face with another were perceived as more human-like and less unsettling compared to partial face swaps that left the survivors’ original eyes unaltered. The full-face swap was deemed the least unsettling even in comparison to the original (unaltered) face. When rendered in full, AI face swaps can appear human and avoid aversive responses in the viewer associated with the uncanny valley.

The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Topilin ◽  
A. S. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

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