scholarly journals Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Khwanrutai Charaspet ◽  
Ronglarp Sukmasuang ◽  
Noraset Khiowsree ◽  
Nucharin Songsasen ◽  
Saksit Simchareon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Canid Species

AbstractThe dhole (Cuon alpinus) is one of the least frequent studied endangered canid species and many aspects of ecological knowledge about this species are lacking. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial movement of dholes, prey abundance, prey selection, and prey overlaps with other large carnivorous species in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, during November, 2017 and October, 2018. Two adult female dholes were captured and fitted with GPS collars. Twenty camera trap sets were systematically used to survey the area. Scat collection was conducted along forest roads and trails. The home range sizes and activity radii of the two dholes were 3,151.63 ha. and 1,442.84 m, and 33.39 ha and 331.56 m, respectively. The sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) was the most abundant prey species (30.93%). However, dhole fecal analysis showed that the monitored dholes preferred red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) (57.1%). There was a high degree of prey overlap between dholes and leopards (98%), indicating very high prey competition. The dholes in this study represent movement patterns in richly abundant prey habitats, but with the presence of other predators that can affect prey selection and movement patterns of the dhole in the area.

scholarly journals Ichthyological ethnoknowledge of the “piabeiros” from the Amazon region, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel da Silva Ladislau ◽  
Maiko Willas Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Philip Dalbert da Silva Castro ◽  
Jackson Pantoja-Lima ◽  
Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Artisanal Fishers ◽  
Ecological Aspects

Abstract Background The capture of ornamental fish is one of the main economic activities of riverine families in the Amazon. However, studies regarding the local ecological knowledge of workers in this activity are still incipient. In view of this, we have studied and explored the local ecological knowledge of artisanal fishers who specialize in the capture of fish for the aquarium trade in the middle part of the Negro River basin and investigated issues related to the ecological aspects of the fish species that are targeted by this trade in the region. Methods Therefore, we conducted semi-structured interviews and applied questionnaires to artisanal fishers of ornamental fish (N = 89), from the municipality of Barcelos, from January to April 2016. Results In total, 41 popular names were cited, which correspond to four ethnocategories and 10 families. The main species were Paracheirodon axelrodi (12.5%), Hemigrammus bleheri (8.3%), Ancistrus dolichopterus (6.4%), Symphysodon discus (5.3%), and Potamotrygon motoro (3.8%). According to the fishers, the species of fish known in the region as “piabas” have a preference for living in clusters (28.9%) and carry out migratory movements (26.1%). The diet of local fish species reported by fisheries is diverse, though mainly based on periphyton (42.2%), and the reproductive cycle directly influenced by the period of flooding of rivers in the region (37.6%) Conclusion Our study revealed that the fishers possess information on the ecological aspects of local ornamental fish species, many of which are consistent with scientific literature. The information presented may assist in the decision-making process for the management of local fishery resources and contribute to the resumption of growth and sustainability in the capture of ornamental fish.

scholarly journals Ancient DNA from the Asiatic Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus) from Europe

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ulrike H. Taron ◽  
Johanna L. A. Paijmans ◽  
Axel Barlow ◽  
Michaela Preick ◽  
Arati Iyengar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Canid Species ◽  
Reference Genomes ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

The Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus), restricted today largely to South and Southeast Asia, was widespread throughout Eurasia and even reached North America during the Pleistocene. Like many other species, it suffered from a huge range loss towards the end of the Pleistocene and went extinct in most of its former distribution. The fossil record of the dhole is scattered and the identification of fossils can be complicated by an overlap in size and a high morphological similarity between dholes and other canid species. We generated almost complete mitochondrial genomes for six putative dhole fossils from Europe. By using three lines of evidence, i.e., the number of reads mapping to various canid mitochondrial genomes, the evaluation and quantification of the mapping evenness along the reference genomes and phylogenetic analysis, we were able to identify two out of six samples as dhole, whereas four samples represent wolf fossils. This highlights the contribution genetic data can make when trying to identify the species affiliation of fossil specimens. The ancient dhole sequences are highly divergent when compared to modern dhole sequences, but the scarcity of dhole data for comparison impedes a more extensive analysis.

scholarly journals Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET ◽  
Ronglarp - Sukmasuang ◽  
NORASET KHOEWSREE ◽  
MANANYA PLA-ARD ◽  
YUWALUK CHANACHAI
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Khao Yai National Park ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y. 2020. Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5248-5262. The study of prey species and prey selection of Dholes at 3 different sites was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, Salak Pra, and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries from 2013 to 2020. Information on Dhole prey at the sites was collected from the residues of dhole scats, from which the selection index, the relative biomass of the prey, and the relative amounts of the consumed prey were calculated. The data were collected simultaneously with the use of camera traps at each site. The study revealed that there were 13 species of Dhole prey with body weight over 5 kg. The result indicated that there were 7 species of even-toed ungulates. The relative biomass of even-toed ungulates ranged between 76.78 - 90.50% of the total biomass of all the Dholes’ consumed prey for all study sites. The dietary diversity index unveiled a similar index in all areas, which proved the adequacy of the analyzed scats. However, the Niche breadth index, which indicates the relevance of prey selection and prey species to the appearances of the prey at each site, was found to be high at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, while the index was found to be low at Salak Pra Wildlife Sanctuary. The results revealed that Dholes consumed viverrid species and Malayan porcupine more often at the site where there were large carnivores. The recommendation from this study was the conservation and restoration of the ungulate populations, the main prey, as it greatly affects the conservation of the Dhole populations in Thailand.  Grassland and salt lick sites, water sources improvements are also important to promote prey population. The conservation of wildlife prey by releasing them to nature, as currently conducted, has an effect on the increase of Dholes’ prey species.

scholarly journals PSVII-3 Body temperature and movement patterns of Raramuri Criollo versus Angus-crossbred cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 297-297
Author(s):  
Andres Cibils ◽  
Rick Estell ◽  
Alfredo Gonzalez ◽  
Sheri Spiegal ◽  
Martha Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Body temperature and movement patterns of Angus Hereford crossbred (AH) vs. Raramuri Criollo (RC) nursing cows were monitored in summer 2016 and 2017. AH and RC cows grazed separately in two adjacent Chihuahuan Desert pastures (1190ha, 1165ha) in a crossover design for 4 weeks each year. Body temperature (BodyT) was monitored at 10 min intervals by placing blank CIDRs containing a temperature logger in 10 cows per breed. Seven to 9 AH and RC cows were also fitted with GPS collars that recorded position and ambient temperature (CollarT) at 10 min intervals. A landscape thermal map (LandT) was developed for habitat analysis. Data were analyzed within four daytime segments: dawn (sunrise to 9AM); pre-noon (9AM to noon); post-noon (noon to 3PM); and dusk (3PM to sunset). ANOVA was used to determine whether BodyT, animal movement, CollarT, and mean LandT position within each day segment were different for AH vs. RC cows. Breed nested within Year*Pasture was treated as the experimental unit. BodyT increased as a day progressed and was higher (P < 0.05) in AH vs. RC during post-noon (38.83 vs. 38.42oC) and dusk (39.22 vs. 38.70oC). Compared to AH counterparts, RC cows traveled farther (4.7 vs. 2.7 km*daytime h-1, P < 0.05), at higher velocities (5.9 vs. 3.5 m*min-1, P < 0.05) and spent more time grazing (5.6 vs. 4.3 daytime h; P < 0.05) and traveling (0.7 vs. 0.3 daytime h; P < 0.05) during all four daytime segments. Largest breed differences were observed during the hottest segments of the day (post-noon and dusk). Increasing CollarT throughout a day was associated with selection of cooler landscape locations (LandT) in both breeds. Apparent lower body heat load in RC cows may reduce constraints on their movement patterns compared to AH cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer.

A Comparison of Tooth Microwear Between an Extinct Marsupial Predator, the Tasmanian Tiger Thylacinus-Cynocephalus (Thylacinidae) and an Extant Scavenger, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus-Harrisii (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia)

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Robson ◽  
WG Young
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Sarcophilus Harrisii

Tooth microwear patterns in the predator Thylacinus cynocephalus and the scavenger Sarcophilus harrisii were examined as potentical indicators of dietary differences and occlusal mechanics. Homologous proximal facets on the metacrista of the maxillary right 3rd molar of each species were examined as gold coated replicas under the SEM. The density, dimensions and relative abundances of microwear features were recorded. Significant intrafacet microwear variation exists relative to the direction of the occlusal stroke in Thylacinus. Striation and pit frequency are inversely correlated down the facet, with striations being more frequent at the leading edge; pits are larger and more frequent at the trailing edge. This pattern supports proposed models of the carnassial chewing stroke, where it is predicted that the shearing component, that produces striations, is greater at the leading edge of the facet, while the compression component of the occlusal stroke, which results in relatively more pits, is greater at the trailing edge of the facet. Significant intraspecific and interspecific variation is found in microwear feature dimensions, and densities. Pit diameters and densities are significantly greater in Thylacinus, although only approximately 11% of the total variance in these features was attributable to species differences. The remaining variance was distributed equally between individuals of the same species, and the leading and trailing regions of the facet. The high degree of intraspecific variability indicates that in carnivorous species at least, a sufficient number of individuals must be examined before accurate dietary interpretations and comparisons with other species can be made.

scholarly journals The diet, prey selection, and activity of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in northern Laos

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan F. Kamler ◽  
Arlyne Johnson ◽  
Chanthavy Vongkhamheng ◽  
Anita Bousa
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Cuon Alpinus

scholarly journals The importance of fieldwork over predictive modeling in quantifying predation events of carnivores marked with GPS technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mark Elbroch ◽  
B Lowrey ◽  
Heiko Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Predation Event ◽  
American Society

© 2017 American Society of Mammalogists. Global positioning system (GPS) technology has revolutionized the study of carnivores. Researchers commonly estimate kill rates with GPS data using the following steps. Firstly, researchers mark individual animals and fit them with GPS collars. Next, they visit a subset of "GPS clusters" (aggregated location data) during field surveys and assign spatiotemporal covariates associated with predation and non-predation events. Lastly, they develop predictive models with data collected in the field to estimate the probability that each cluster they did not visit in the field was a predation event. Such predation models help reduce field efforts and save money; however, these models are prone to error when carnivores eat prey of different sizes or exhibit shorter-than-expected handling times. We simulated reduced field efforts to investigate the reliability of predictive modeling in determining diet composition and detecting predation events for 3 puma (Puma concolor) populations with different prey assemblages and potential effects on handling time of carcasses. We visited a total 1,896 clusters in Chilean Patagonia, Colorado, and California, of which 1,752 clusters (∼92%) were included to build and test predation models. Across all study areas, the total time a puma spent at a cluster was the only reliable predictor of a cluster being a predation event. When we reduced field efforts by selectively removing GPS clusters < 12 and < 24 h in length, model performance improved but produced inaccurate results. Predation models underestimated the number of predation events in California and Colorado and significantly over-or underestimated the number of predation events in Patagonia. Selectively reducing field efforts also reduced the diversity and evenness of prey we recorded in puma diets. Randomly reducing field efforts, in contrast, reduced the precision of model estimates. Our results highlight the importance of conducting intensive fieldwork over predation modeling to measure prey selection and kill rates of carnivores.

scholarly journals Folk taxonomy of fishes of artisanal fishermen of Ilhabela (São Paulo/Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Ramires ◽  
Mariana Clauzet ◽  
Alpina Begossi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Folk Taxonomy ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This article investigates the folk taxonomy of four artisanal fisheries communities in Ilhabela/SP. The local folk taxonomy shows how these fishermen identify, name and classify fish resources in the environment exploited by them. Forty-two fishermen from four different local communities of Ilhabela were interviewed through a structured questionnaire and photographs of fish species with occurrence for the southeast region of Brazil. Respondents identified the 24 species listed as 50 generic names and 27 binominal specific names, mainly related to aspects of fish species morphology such as color, shape and size. These fish were classified into eight groups according to local criteria related to the morphology, ecology and fishing forms associated with the capture of species. The morphological aspect was identified as the most used feature by respondents to name and classify local fish, followed by ecological aspects such as behavior, diet and habitat. The comparison of local criteria used for the groups was similar to the scientific taxonomy criteria, showing a detailed local ecological knowledge by this group of fishers.

scholarly journals A geographic approach to place and natural resource use in local food systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Duram ◽  
Lydia Oberholtzer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Ecological Methods

AbstractThis article illuminates the geographic concept of ‘place’ in local foods. Because the social aspects of local food have been more fully addressed in previous literature, this review focuses instead on the ecological aspects of farming and food. First, the literature on natural resource use in agriculture provides contextual understanding of water use, biodiversity, soils and agro-ecological methods. The complex relationship between climate change and agriculture is described and models assessing the impacts of climate change on agriculture are detailed. The geography of local food is specifically addressed by describing methods for assessing natural resource use in local food, including food miles, consumer transportation, scale and community, agricultural methods and diet. Finally, future research paths are suggested to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact of local food. Such research would encompass the geography of local food through development of broader, more inclusive strategy, including the concept of the ‘ecological appetite’ of crops and foods, the union of both social and ecological aspects of resource use, the linkages between rural and urban producers and consumers and the inclusion of farmers’ ecological knowledge. Overall, the geography of local food seeks to assess the where of food production and consumption, while incorporating key issues of how (agro-ecological methods benefiting the community) and what (locally appropriate crops).

scholarly journals Population Estimate, Habitat-Use and Activity Patterns of the Honey Badger in a Dry-Deciduous Forest of Central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Chatterjee ◽  
Parag Nigam ◽  
Bilal Habib
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Cuon Alpinus

Studies on carnivores are skewed toward larger species in India, limiting ecological information of the smaller ones. Basic ecological understanding like population density, distribution, habitat-use patterns of small carnivores is lacking. This inadequate knowledge has led to disagreement between conservation approaches in different landscapes. Honey badgers (Mellivora capensis) are cryptic carnivores distributed across large areas of Africa and Asia; however, fundamental ecological knowledge is scarce. The species is thought to exist at low population densities throughout its range. We used a large camera trap dataset from a tiger reserve in Maharashtra State, India to understand the population density, habitat preference, and diel activity pattern of the species. We applied an extension of the spatial count model for the estimation of population. Habitat preference analyses were carried out using generalized linear models and activity patterns were analyzed using kernel-density functions. The population density was estimated as 14.09 (95% CI 10–22.25) individuals per 100 km2. Habitat use revealed a positive association with forest cover and negative association with elevation. This may expose the species to other large carnivores in the habitat but honey badger activity pattern peaked at midnight retaining minimum temporal overlap with other large carnivores (e.g., tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus, and dhole Cuon alpinus) and moderate overlap with small carnivores (e.g., jungle cat Felis chaus, rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus). These behaviors, in turn, may facilitate the coexistence of species at such high density even with high carnivore density. We hope the findings of this study will fill the existing knowledge gap of this species and aid in guiding the conservation of the species in other landscapes and reserves.

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