scholarly journals Environmental conditions that promote the occurrence of truffles (Tuber spp.) on historical sites in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka ◽  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Hanna Szmidla
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Epipactis Helleborine

Abstract This article highlights historical data regarding truffles’ occurrence in Poland. Along with the soil parameters the plant communities at the sites were studied. The results of the chemical soil analyses showed that the soil pH in water on 5 sites was acidic (from 4.3 to 6.1), and only in one, Wiązowna, was the pH (7.2) conductive to truffles development. Similarly, the content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soil samples was low (from 0 to 0.03%), except for Wiązowna, where CaCO3 was 0.12%. Among the 24 reported species of trees and shrubs, 7 species were host-plants of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vitt.). Out of the 7 species, oak and hornbeam were present at four localisations. Across the sites, 31 species of ground-layer plants were identified. Among these, Epipactis helleborine was only one host-species of summer truffle. Our findings indicate that formation of truffles fruiting-bodies depends on specific habitat characteristics. The key factors determining this process are soil parameters, such as: texture, pH and calcium content. Our inventory showed that the sites we studied still persist as natural stands, although only one of them seems to be favorable for truffles development: this site is located in Wiązowna, where soil is of pH 7.2 and E. helleborine, (host species for truffles from Orchidaceae) is found, fulfills the environmental requirements of truffles

scholarly journals Soil temperature and hydric potential influences the monthly variations of soil Tuber aestivum DNA in a highly productive orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Todesco ◽  
Simone Belmondo ◽  
Yoann Guignet ◽  
Liam Laurent ◽  
Sandrine Fizzala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract Tuber aestivum, also known as the summer or Burgundy truffle, is an ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete associated with numerous trees and shrubs. Its life cycle occurs in the soil, and thus soil parameters such as temperature and water availability could influence it. T. aestivum cultivation has started in several countries, but ecological and agronomic requirements for the establishment and management of orchards are largely unknown. The aims of this work were: 1) to design a specific qPCR protocol using genomic data to trace and quantify T. aestivum DNA in the soil; and 2) to assess the monthly soil DNA dynamic according to soil parameters (i.e. soil hydric potential and temperature) in this orchard. The study was conducted in a highly productive T. aestivum orchard (hazels, oaks, pines, lime and hornbeam). The production started five years after the plantation and then increased exponentially to reach a maximum of 320 kg/ha in 2017. The soil hydric potential and temperature partially explained the monthly T. aestivum soil DNA variability. The data presented here offer new insights into T. aestivum ecology and cultivation.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Tuber aestivum Vittad. orchard in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Jakub Horak ◽  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Communities

AbstractCultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, the concept of landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well as land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary and Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic and social development of small, rural communities. Because there is no long tradition of truffle orchards in Poland, knowledge regarding the environmental factors regulating the formation of fruiting bodies of T. aestivum is limited. Thus, knowledge concerning ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensuring successful Burgundy truffle production. We investigated the persistence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) and checked the host-species influence on community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The study was conducted in an experimental plantation located in eastern Poland and established in 2008. We demonstrated that the number of fungal taxa was not significantly different between oak and hazel. However, the species composition differed between these two host trees. During the three-year study, we observed that species richness did not increase with the age of the plantation.

What Are the Needs of Senior Tourists? Evidence from Remote Regions of Europe

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Joanna Zielińska-Szczepkowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Historical Sites

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe, with growth mostly centered in major cities and urban locations. Nevertheless, remote destinations can also offer tranquility and accessibility, as well as both unexploited and unknown development potential for active senior travelers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, on the basis of information gathered from 1705 questionnaires, senior touristic behavior, including motivations and decision-making issues for senior travelers in 11 remote regions of nine European countries (Finland, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain, Ireland, and Greece). A mixed-methods approach was used to fulfill the research objectives. Both interviews and the survey method were applied to generate data from senior tourists. The present study will focus on the key factors explaining senior tourists’ motivations and barriers to travel. The results of surveys conducted within the TOURAGE project indicate the significant potential of remote regions in the development of senior tourism. For senior respondents, a very important reason for going on holiday is the possibility of enjoying rest and silence. Safety, nature, historical sites, quality of services, and easy transportation connections are the top five attraction factors for seniors when choosing a destination. At the same time, according to the interviews, among the important problems negatively influencing the size of the senior tourism market in remote regions are: difficulties in reaching seniors with tourist offers, a lack of promotion of local tourist products aimed at seniors, and finally a lack of financial resources for the implementation of local projects supporting the development of senior tourism.

scholarly journals The influence of stand and habitat characteristics on the occurrence of pine sawflies Diprion pini L. and Gilpinia virens (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) in selected areas of northern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Piotr Gawęda ◽  
Wojciech Grodzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Diprion Pini ◽  
Pine Sawflies ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest District

Abstract Pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) belong to the most common pests of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. in the area of the Regional Directorates of State Forests in Toruń and Gdańsk. The two most destructive species, Diprion pini L. in the area of Puszcza Bydgoska and Gilpinia virens (Klug) in Bory Tucholskie, were investigated in this study. Our main aim was to characterise the two species in the Bydgoszcz Forest District in RDSF in Toruń and Kaliska in RDSF in Gdańsk, respectively, based on data gathered during outbreaks between 1991 and 2011. For this purpose, a geometric database was created, containing information about the year of outbreak, number of larvae observed after tree felling as well as selected stand and site features including stand age and species composition, stocking index, canopy closure, site index, humidity and fertility. By analysing the occurrence of both species in relation to stand and site features, we were able to determine their environmental requirements, which are quite different from one another. D. pini preferred older stands, with a stocking index between 0.8–0.9, growing on fresh and dry coniferous sites, while species composition (share of pine), canopy closure or site index did not have any influence on its abundance. G. virens preferred middle-aged pure pine stands, with relatively open canopies, on fresh coniferous sites and poorer soils. The stocking index did not affect its occurrence.

scholarly journals The development of low-emission public urban transport in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (41) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Taczanowski ◽  
Arkadiusz Kołoś ◽  
Krzysztof Gwosdz ◽  
Bolesław Domański ◽  
Robert Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The aim of the paper is to identify the main factors and mechanisms behind the development of low-emission public transport vehicles in Polish cities. This innovation is primarily connected with growing environmental requirements for transport, with the EU environmental and transport policies being the key factors. However, strategies of local governments and municipal transport companies as well as the organization of urban transport - which differs significantly between cities - also play an important role. Three basic types of approach towards low-emission buses can be observed in Polish cities: tests of electric and hybrid vehicles, purchases of small quantities of buses in order to implement new solutions, and finally attempts to replace the majority or even the entire transport fleet with low-emission vehicles. It should be emphasised that an important element which affects the development of low emission public urban transport in Poland is the fact that the country has become one of the main bus producers in Europe - a fact which is a result of both large-scale foreign investments and the success of Polish manufacturers.

scholarly journals Forest in Karst Mountain Sinkhole of Southeastern China Provides Refugium for the Preservation of Bryophyte Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Zhaohui Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Kuangzheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Karst Rocky Desertification ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Total Potassium

The negative landform of sinkholes provides belowground level refugia for a high diversity of forest species compared to the forests on the surface of surrounding karst plateaus in southeastern China. Bryophyte diversity in sinkhole forests is also likely to be high. In this study, bryophytes of an underground forest sinkhole (UFS), and two forests (Forest Karst Mountain 1; FKM1) and (Forest Karst Mountain 2; FKM2) on the surface of the karst plateau were compared to understand the role of the sinkhole forest in the conservation of bryophyte diversity and the relationships between bryophyte diversity, environmental factors, and soil nutrients. Significantly more bryophyte taxa were recorded from the sinkhole forest (71 taxa, 36 genera, 23 families) than those in the forest on the plateau surface, which was the closest to the sinkhole (FKM1; 29 bryophyte taxa, 16 genera, 12 families), and even fewer bryophytes were found in the forest more distant to the sinkhole (FKM2; 22 taxa, 17 genera, eight families). Twenty-four liverwort taxa were collected from the sinkhole forest, two from the closest surface forest (FKM1) and none from the furthest surface forest (FKM2). Ninety-three percent of the bryophytes in karst mountain sinkhole were not found on surface forest. The diversity index trend was as follows: UFS > FKM1 > FKM2, and the evenness index trend was in the opposite direction as follows: UFS < FKM1 < FKM2. The beta diversity showed that the Jaccard index among the three forests was 0–0.25, reflecting a huge difference between the sinkhole forest and the two surface forests. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that light was the most important factor affecting the distribution of bryophytes in the sinkhole forest, while temperature and humidity were key factors for the distribution of bryophytes in the two surface forests. Further, soil parameters, namely, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus changed gradually from UFS to FKM1 and to FKM2. The sinkhole forest, located in a landform with the unique negative topography enclosed by cliffs, and with a complex microenvironment, provides a natural refuge for bryophyte species in areas where forests have been negatively impacted by karst rocky desertification.

Soil parameters are key factors to predict metal bioavailability to snails based on chemical extractant data

2012 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pauget ◽  
F. Gimbert ◽  
R. Scheifler ◽  
M. Coeurdassier ◽  
A. de Vaufleury
Keyword(s):  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Key Factors

scholarly journals What are the "characteristic species" of the habitats directive? A new statistics-driven approach connecting species, habitats and key habitat characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Müller-Kroehling
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Character Species ◽  
Characteristic Species

A new understanding of ”characteristic species“ according to the Habitats Directive is presented, including a suggested definition from a scientific point of view and practical implementation. The Habitats Directive includes the mandatory evaluation criterion “characteristic species”. Although obligatory, it has largely been neglected and applied inconsistently. Reasons are the undefined character of the term and very different attempts for its interpretation. In several cases, particularly from the field of carabidology, maximum fidelity of the species has been suggested as the best criterion for defining characteristic species. In other words, the species must not occur in any other habitat type, but should be restricted intirely to the habitat it is characteristic for. As a result, for many habitats there are no, or at best very few characteristic species if this definition is strictly applied, and in many cases no characteristic species could be found even in very well-devolped and large-enough sites where the habitat occurs. Here, a completely different definiton is presented. Exclusive fidelity is decidedly not required, since this criterion aims at defining character species, which by definition serve a different purpose, which is defining a habitat, not characterizing its conservation status. The set of characteristic species of a habitat should be defined based on their statistically confirmed affinity to the habitat and an affinity or fidelity to at least one key habitat factor of the habitat type concerned. Such a key factor could be wetness in the case of wetlands, or peaty soil for bog habitats, or scree for ravines, etc. The application of characteristic species in practice, like in the mandatory assessment of projects and plans under article 6 of the habitats directive should primarily focus on the effects of the plan or purpose to be assessed. Out of the pool of characteristic species of a given habitat, those species which depend on the relevant key factors of the habitat which are possibly altered by the project or plan to be assessed can be selected and their well-being evaluated or monitored. In a second application, which is that for management of a site (also under article 6), the degree of completeness of the pool of characteristic species allows the evaluation of the conservation status. Important conclusions as to which key factors might be lacking or are in an insufficient stage can be drawn from the characteristic species missing at a given site. This can be a property related to habitat tradition, size of the habitat, isolation or certain traits of the soil or the stand types to be evaluated, depending on the particular species and their statistically proven requirements.

scholarly journals On the rediscovery of a rare root parasite Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain (Orobanchaceae) from Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 19185-19188
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Navendu Page ◽  
Bhupendra S. Adhikari ◽  
Manoj V. Nair ◽  
Gopal S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quercus Floribunda

Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain (Orobanchaceae), a rare root parasite is recorded after a gap of 57 years from a new locality in Uttarakhand, western Himalaya.  A total of four individuals were located in a shady moist forest of Abies pindrow-Quercus floribunda at Surkanda hill near Mussoorie.  All the individual plants were growing on the roots of Rubus pedunculosus D. Don.  The current communication provides an updated description, habitat characteristics and host species of Gleadovia ruborum.

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