scholarly journals Body Height and Swimming Performance in 50 and 100 m Freestyle Olympic and World Championship Swimming Events: 1908 - 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo Mazzilli
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThere are scattered data showing an increase in the height of Olympic and World Championships swimmers. To identify a possible historical trend, a study of the height of 50 and 100 m freestyle medalists at the Olympic Games and the World Championships between 1908 and 2016 was undertaken. 370 swimmers (186 men and 184 women) were studied. A progressive increase in the height of men’s medalists (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) was detected. With regard to women’s medalists, an increase (r = 0.383, p < 0.01) was also found. To provide a sort of confirmation of this trend, a separate analysis of swimmers achieving new official swimming records, not included in the initial design of the study, was undertaken and a similar and also significant trend was seen in this case in both male and female athletes. This study confirms and greatly expands the observation of other authors, and raises the question of whether the increase in the stature of elite swimmers is simply a reflection of the increase in height of the general population or whether other factors, such as a possible role of training, should be considered. The ethical aspects of an early selection of swimmers perhaps based on the genetic profile of youngsters deserves careful consideration.

scholarly journals Teaching through Design. Image as Operative History at the Porto School

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Alvaro Siza ◽  
Selection Of

The Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, as an institution, starts in 1979. To its works and the design of the new building for the School (1983-1996) presided the idea of maintaining and building upon two centuries of accumulated pedagogical experience in Architectural teaching, a purpose that will decisively condition the programmatic brief given to Álvaro Siza, and his response to it.From all the requirements, together with the careful selection of the architect and the client, we find a purpose to manage the explosive growth of the school guarding careful consideration of its teaching model. The brief and the design clearly show a strategy of resistance facing the instability of the postmodern condition, strengthening the disciplinary autonomy through the hegemonic centrality of the Design Studio space and its product as the main synthesis of knowledge in Architecture.It is our understanding that this strategy may also have to do with a desire to invest the building with the role of a permanent lesson in architecture, and by immersion, educating its inhabitants in a “particular way of doing and teaching architecture” [Távora, 1991], thus developing in them the capacity for simultaneous analysis and synthesis of architecture, a particular characteristic of the Porto School.

scholarly journals Underwater and Surface Swimming Parameters Reflect Performance Level in Elite Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Pla ◽  
Gauthier Poszalczyk ◽  
Cyrine Souaissia ◽  
Fabrice Joulia ◽  
Alexandre Guimard
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Although the role of underwater phases is well-known, no study has taken an interest in describing and quantifying the distance and time spent in apnea as a condition for optimal performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of time and distance spent underwater and surface parameters on the swimming performance of elite swimmers. The performances of 79 swimmers in 100-m freestyle were analyzed (short-course). The underwater and spatiotemporal parameters of three groups have been recorded: finalists of the 2018 World Swimming Championships (WORLD), French swimmers who reached a 100 m performance time under 50 s at the 2018 French National Championships (UND50), and those who reached a 100 m performance time above 50 s (UP50). The WORLD group spent more distance underwater (37.50 ± 4.92 m) in comparison with UND50 (31.90 ± 4.88 m, p &lt; 0.05) and UP50 (31.94 ± 4.93 m, p &lt; 0.01) groups. The total percentage of non-swimming time was higher for WORLD (39.11 ± 4.73%) vs. UND50 (34.21 ± 4.55%, p &lt; 0.05) and UP50 (33.94 ± 5.00%, p &lt; 0.01). In addition, underwater speed was higher for WORLD (2.54 ± 0.05 m/s) compared with UND50 (2.46 ± 0.09 m/s, p &lt; 0.05) and UP50 (2.38 ± 0.11 m/s, p &lt; 0.01). Three parameters among the underwater phases (i.e. distance underwater, speed underwater, and total percentage of non-swimming time) determine the 100-m freestyle short course performance. These data suggest an appropriate focus on specific apnea training to improve underwater skills during short-course swimming performances.

scholarly journals Measurement of Plasma-Derived Substance P: Biological, Methodological, and Statistical Considerations

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Campbell ◽  
Nancy Raftery ◽  
Richard Tustin ◽  
Nancy B. Tustin ◽  
Michelle L. DeSilvio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The undecapeptide substance P (SP) is a member of the tachykinin family of neurotransmitters, which has a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. One of the major barriers to the study of the in vivo role of SP in a number of immune disorders is the accurate measurement of SP in fluids. This is reflected in the variability of reported SP levels in serum and plasma of humans in both healthy and diseased states. This study was initiated in order to identify sources of variability by the comparative evaluation of the influences of sample preparation and analytical detection methods on the measurement of SP in plasma. The results indicate that sample preparation (peptide extraction versus no extraction) and the choice of analytical method for SP quantitation may yield significantly different values and may contribute to the variability in SP values reported in the literature. These results further emphasize the need for careful consideration in the selection of methods for SP quantitation, as well as caution in the interpretation and comparison of data reported in the literature.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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