Do immigrants pay a price when marrying natives? Lessons from the US time use survey

AbstractWe compare the allocation of time of native men and women married to immigrants against their counterparts in all-native couples using the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003–18. We find that when intermarried to a native man, immigrant women pay an assimilation price to the extent that, compared to native women in all-native marriages, they work longer hours at paid work, household chores, or both, while their husbands do no extra work. In some cases, they work for just an extra hour per day. Immigrant men do not pay such a price. Some work 34 min less at household chores than native men in all-native marriages, while the native women who marry immigrant men seem to pay a price related to their situation that would be in an all-native marriage. An explanation based on the operation of competitive marriage markets works for immigrant women, but not for immigrant men. Traditionally, gender-based privileges may allow immigrant men to prevent native women from getting a price for the value that intermarriage generates for their husbands. Such a “male dominance” scenario also helps explain why immigrant men married to native daughters of immigrants from the same region get more benefits from intermarriage than other immigrants.

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Sleep Duration and Waking Activities in Relation to the National Sleep Foundation’s Recommendations: An Analysis of US Population Sleep Patterns from 2015 to 2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6154

Author(s):

Michael Osei Mireku ◽

Alina Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Time Use ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Weighted Estimates ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey

The objective was to investigate the association between time spent on waking activities and nonaligned sleep duration in a representative sample of the US population. We analysed time use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2015–2017 (N = 31,621). National Sleep Foundation (NSF) age-specific sleep recommendations were used to define recommended (aligned) sleep duration. The balanced, repeated, replicate variance estimation method was applied to the ATUS data to calculate weighted estimates. Less than half of the US population had a sleep duration that mapped onto the NSF recommendations, and alignment was higher on weekdays (45%) than at weekends (33%). The proportion sleeping longer than the recommended duration was higher than those sleeping shorter on both weekdays and weekends (p < 0.001). Time spent on work, personal care, socialising, travel, TV watching, education, and total screen time was associated with nonalignment to the sleep recommendations. In comparison to the appropriate recommended sleep group, those with a too-short sleep duration spent more time on work, travel, socialising, relaxing, and leisure. By contrast, those who slept too long spent relatively less time on each of these activities. The findings indicate that sleep duration among the US population does not map onto the NSF sleep recommendations, mostly because of a higher proportion of long sleepers compared to short sleepers. More time spent on work, travel, and socialising and relaxing activities is strongly associated with an increased risk of nonalignment to NSF sleep duration recommendations.

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Graphical Representation of Time Use Diaries in Stata: ATUS Tempograms

10.31235/osf.io/6kvzq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Time Use ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Representation Of Time

In this paper, I will demonstrate how to create tempograms using the original American Time Use Survey data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics2. For this project, the 2003-2018sample of diaries is used (file names: atusact0318 and atussum0318).Additionally, I identify the bottleneck, where the performance of Stata’s underlying functions could be optimised to improve the work with time-use data for researchers who use Stata.

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Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach: Effects of Education on Housework Time in the US and Japan

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci9120235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽

Man-Yee Kan

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Time Use ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Married Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Highly Educated ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey

We compare the association between educational attainment and housework participation among single and married women in Japan and the US. Using the cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2006 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (STULA) and unconditional quantile regressions (UQR), we test whether educational attainment is associated with less time spent on housework in Japan compared to the US. We find that this assumption stands only for American women and non-married Japanese women. However, married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce participation in housework with an increase in their educational level. Married Japanese women are more likely to do more housework proportionately to the level of their education. The findings reveal the presence of a marriage penalty among highly educated Japanese women. In Japan, the institute of marriage places higher expectations regarding women’s housework participation on married women with higher levels of education, thereby penalising Japanese women with higher educational attainments. Our findings illustrate that the tenets of the resource-based and gender-centred frameworks developed based on the empirical findings in Western countries cannot always directly apply to the patterns observed in East Asia.

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Sex-Typed Chores and the City: Gender, Urbanicity, and Housework

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/0891243218787758 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 789-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natasha Quadlin ◽

Long Doan

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Household Chores ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Division Of Household Labor ◽

Urban Men ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Married Individuals ◽

Structural Demand ◽

Using Data

How does place structure the gendered division of household labor? Because people’s living spaces and lifestyles differ dramatically across urban, suburban, and rural areas, it follows that time spent on household chores may vary across places. In cities, for example, many households do not have vehicles or lawns, and housing units tend to be relatively small. Urban men’s and women’s time use therefore provides insight into how partners contribute to household chores when there is less structural demand for the types of tasks they typically do. We examine these dynamics using data on heterosexual married individuals from the American Time Use Survey combined with the Current Population Survey. We find that urban men spend relatively little time on male-typed chores, but they spend the same amount of time on female-typed chores as their suburban and rural counterparts. This pattern suggests that urban men do not “step up” their involvement in female-typed tasks even though they contribute little in the way of other housework. In contrast, urbanicity rarely predicts women’s time use, implying that women spend considerable time on household chores regardless of where they live. Implications for research on gender and housework are discussed.

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Socioeconomic Status and Housework: Cultural Differences in Participation in Routine Housework in Japan, Canada, and the US

10.31219/osf.io/9tfce ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽

Ryota Chiba ◽

Kiyomi Shirakawa

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Time Use ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Global North

The assumption about socioeconomic status (SES) and participation in housework are based on the empirical results in Western countries. As such, SES is assumed to work in a similar way in other regions as it does in the countries of the global north. This assumption can often lead to misguided interpretations of the effects of SES on housework participation in other cultural contexts. One such exception is Japan. We analyze time-use diaries from the American Time Use Survey for the period from 2003 to 2016, 1986-2010 Canadian General Social Survey, and the 2006 Japan Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (社会生活基本調査). Using the negative binomial regression, we test whether SES is associated with less time spent on housework as the outsourcing hypothesis predicts. The findings show that this hypothesis stands only for Canadian and American women, whereas married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce their participation in housework with the increase of their SES.

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The Time Intensity of Childcare Provided by Older Immigrant Women in the United States

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/0164027515626774 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 823-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alma Vega

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Time Use ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Recent Immigrants ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Recent Immigrant ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Working Age

Older adults comprise an increasing share of new legal admits to the United States. While many are financially dependent on their families, a more complete picture requires taking into account the nonmonetary contributions of this population. Using the American Time Use Survey, this study examines whether older recent immigrant women provide more unpaid childcare than their native-born and more established immigrant counterparts. Results suggest that while older recent immigrant women are more likely to provide unpaid childcare, this effect is eliminated upon controlling for demographic characteristics. However, among those who do provide childcare, older recent immigrant women provide more hours of care even after controlling for demographic and household characteristics. This pattern holds up even after restricting the analysis to women living with young children. These results may signal reciprocal supportive networks. Working-age adults may financially support older recent immigrants, while older recent immigrants provide unremunerated childcare for working-age adults.

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