The Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin and Homeostasis Model Assessment Values to 30, 60 and 90-Min Glucose Levels During OGTT in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance

Abstract Background: The subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have an increased risk for future type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, a significant number of individuals who develop T2DM have normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. The study aims to compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels to 30, 60 and 90-min glucose levels in subjects with NGT. Methods: A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120-min was performed in 1118 subjects without known T2DM. Blood samples were also drawn for fasting insulin and HbA1C levels. Results: Forty percent of the subjects with NGT had increased post-challenge values above the determined optimal glucose levels (10.2, 10.3 and 8.9 mmol/L at 30, 60 and 90-min, respectively). Compared to the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were below the determined optimal values at 30, 60 and 90-min, we found significantly elevated HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels in the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were above the determined optimal values (p<0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that the subjects with NGT have different HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels considering glucose levels measured earlier than at 2-h during OGTT. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to define the significance of 30-min, 60-min and 90-min glucose levels in the prediction of disease in subjects with T2DM.

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PPARαAgonist Fenofibrate Reduced the Secreting Load ofβ-Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia Patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance

PPAR Research ◽

10.1155/2016/6232036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Rui Lu ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Yanjin Hu ◽

Yumei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cell Function ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Cell Dysfunction ◽

Fenofibrate Treatment ◽

Normal Glucose

Hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor associated with insulin resistance andβ-cell dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of hypertriglyceridemia and fenofibrate treatment on insulin sensitivity andβ-cell function in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. A total of 1974 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were divided into the normal TG group (NTG group,n=1302) and hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG group,n=672). Next, 92 patients selected randomly from 672 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were assigned to a 24-week fenofibrate treatment. The HTG group had increased waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function (HOMA-β) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with the NTG group (allP<0.01). The 24-week fenofibrate treatment significantly decreased the WC, BMI, TG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-βlevels and increased the HDL-C levels in the patients with hypertriglyceridemia (WC, BMI, and HOMA-IR:P<0.05; TG, HDL-C, and HOMA-β:P<0.01). The fenofibrate treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and reduced the secreting load ofβ-cells in the hypertriglyceridemia patients with normal glucose tolerance.

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The independent relationship between hemoglobin A1c and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2016-0256 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hulya Yalcin ◽

Burak Toprak ◽

Ayfer Colak

Keyword(s):

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Effect Of Age

AbstractIntroduction:Determining the factors affecting hemoglobin AMethods:We retrospectively analyzed serum fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2 h glucose and HbAResults:Insulin resistant subjects with normal glucose tolerance had significantly higher HbAConclusion:Our data showed that HOMA-IR is associated with glycated hemoglobin values independent of glycemic status and the effect of age on HbA

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THE RESPONSE OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC WOMEN TO TOLBUTAMIDE AND LEUCINE AT BIRTH, AND TO GLUCOSE AND TOLBUTAMIDE AT 2 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.43.4.546 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 546-557

Author(s):

Mutya S. A. Velasco ◽

Elsa P. Paulsen

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Diabetic Woman ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Diabetic Mothers

Twelve newborn infants, 2 to 8 days old, of gestational (IGDM) and insulin-requiring (IDM) diabetic mothers responded to intravenous tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) with abnormally large decreases in plasma glucose and marked rises in plasma insulin (the latter was measured only in IGDM). Only 3 of 13 IGDM tested with leucine had significant decreases in plasma glucose. Newborn infants of normal mothers showed no changes in glucose or insulin in response to intravenous tolbutamide, and one of five had a small decrease in glucose levels after leucine. The results suggest the presence of large stores of pancreatic insulin in newborn infants of diabetic mothers which are more readily released by stimulation with tolbutamide than with leucine. The offspring of the diabetic women were restudied at 2 years of age for their response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. Seven of nine children had normal glucose and insulin levels after intravenous tolbutamide, and two had abnormally low glucose levels with high insulin levels. Three of the nine had normal glucose tolerance with normal insulin levels. The other six had abnormally elevated glucose levels which varied in duration from one-half to 2 hours. Four of the six had an accompanying hyperinsulinemia; two, who had diabetic glucose tolerance, had poor insulin responses. The findings in the 2-year-old children support a concept that the fetal environment provided by a diabetic woman has effects on carbohydrate tolerance which extend beyond the newborn period.

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The relationship between homeostasis model assessment and cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian subjects with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.cca.2006.03.018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 371 (1-2) ◽

pp. 169-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Reza Meshkani ◽

Mohammad Taghikhani ◽

Bagher Larijani ◽

Shohreh Khatami ◽

Ehteram Khoshbin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

The Relationship

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Deterioration of insulin release rate response to glucose during oral glucose tolerance test is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in normal glucose tolerance subjects

IUBMB Life ◽

10.1002/iub.1657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 756-766

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Shihui He ◽

Yao Sun ◽

Guangwei Li ◽

Qingsong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Release Rate ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Normal Glucose

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Outcome of glucose tolerance condition in patients with normal glucose tolerance with either persistently high or low 1-h postchallenge glucose levels in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries ◽

10.1007/s13410-021-01019-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Koji Kashima ◽

Junichi Okada ◽

Eijiro Yamada ◽

Tsugumichi Saito ◽

Atsushi Ozawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose

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Glycated Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Two-Hour Postchallenge Plasma Glucose Levels in Relation to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Chinese with Normal Glucose Tolerance

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2010-2697 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. E1461-E1465 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Yun Huang ◽

Yufang Bi ◽

Weiqing Wang ◽

Min Xu ◽

Yu Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose

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Elevated 1 h postload plasma glucose levels identify adults with normal glucose tolerance but increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. e000016 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Giorgio Sesti ◽

Marta Letizia Hribal ◽

Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽

Angela Sciacqua ◽

Francesco Perticone

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY (SEIP-BERARDINELLI SYNDROME)

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0720475 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 475-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Svein Oseid

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Juvenile Form ◽

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽

The One ◽

Adipose Organ

ABSTRACT Six cases of congenital generalized lipodystrophy have been studied at different ages from infancy to adolescence with regard to glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. During the first few years of life there is normal glucose tolerance. The fasting immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) levels are either slightly elevated or normal. The IRI response to glucose is exaggerated and prolonged, at least from the third year of life. Some degree of insulin resistance is already present in infancy. From the age of 8–10 years glucose tolerance decreases rapidly. The fasting IRI levels are usually grossly elevated, while fasting plasma glucose levels are only moderately elevated or normal. The IRI responses to oral and iv administered glucose, and to tolbutamide are exaggerated; the insulinogenic indices are high. Cortisone primed glucose tolerance tests become abnormal. Insulin resistance is marked, and increases with age. After cessation of growth at approximately 12 years of age, frank diabetes with fasting hyperglycaemia and diabetic glucose tolerance curves developed in the one patient followed beyond this age. Her fasting IRI was increased, but there was a poor IRI response to glucose stimulation, suggesting a partial exhaustion of the β-cells. Her initial IRI response to tolbutamide was still good, but not as brisk as in the younger patients. This type of diabetes is quite different from the juvenile form, and also from the diabetes of older age. It may be causally related to the lack of an adequate adipose organ necessary for the disposal of excesses of glucose, or possibly related to another anti-insulin mechanism.

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