scholarly journals Comparing the Response Burden between Paper and Web Modes in Establishment Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-930
Author(s):  
Georg-Christoph Haas ◽  
Stephanie Eckman ◽  
Ruben Bach
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Establishment Survey ◽  
The Web ◽  
Response Burden

Abstract Previous research is inconclusive regarding the effects of paper and web surveys on response burdens. We conducted an establishment survey with random assignment to paper and web modes to examine this issue. We compare how the actual and perceived response burdens differ when respondents complete a survey in the paper mode, in the web mode and when they are allowed to choose between the two modes. Our results show that in the web mode, respondents have a lower estimated time to complete the questionnaire, while we do not find differences between paper and the web on the perceived response time and perceived burden. Even though the response burden in the web mode is lower, our study finds no evidence of an increased response burden when moving an establishment survey from paper to the web.

Investigating the Adequacy of Response Time Outlier Definitions in Computer-Based Web Surveys Using Paradata SurveyFocus

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Karem Höhne ◽  
Stephan Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Response Time Distributions ◽  
Proper Values ◽  
The Web

Web surveys are commonly used in social research because they are usually cheaper, faster, and simpler to conduct than other modes. They also enable researchers to capture paradata such as response times. Particularly, the determination of proper values to define outliers in response time analyses has proven to be an intricate challenge. In fact, to a certain degree, researchers determine them arbitrarily. In this study, we use “SurveyFocus (SF)”—a paradata tool that records the activity of the web-survey pages—to assess outlier definitions based on response time distributions. Our analyses reveal that these common procedures provide relatively sufficient results. However, they are unable to detect all respondents who temporarily leave the survey, causing bias in the response times. Therefore, we recommend a two-step procedure consisting of the utilization of SF and a common outlier definition to attain a more appropriate analysis and interpretation of response times.

Horizontal or Vertical? The Effects of Visual Orientation of Categorical Response Options on Survey Responses in Web Surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-792
Author(s):  
Jingwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Response Quality ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Categorical Response ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Web ◽  
Response Burden

Prior research has studied the impact of horizontal versus vertical orientation of rating scales on survey responses, but not the effects of orientation of categorical options. The present study attempts to fill this gap by investigating the orientation effects of categorical options on response burden and response quality and by studying how the effects of orientation of response categories interact with cognition capacity. The data are drawn from an experiment embedded in the 2013 Internet Survey of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), in which respondents were randomly assigned to a question with either horizontally or vertically aligned response categories. Response burden is measured by response time, and response quality is measured by reliability, primacy effect, and item missing on the question. Horizontal orientation is found to be more burdensome than vertical orientation on the web for HRS respondents, but there is no significant difference between the two orientations on primacy effect and item missing, and the two orientations are equally reliable. The effects of cognition capacity are found to interact with orientation on both response burden and response quality on the web. Compared to vertical orientation, horizontal orientation leads to longer response time but less primacy effect for people with lower cognition capacity versus people with higher cognition capacity. However, the effects of the orientation and cognition capacity do not interact on item missing. Vertical orientation for categorical response options in web surveys is recommended in general, but more caution should be exercised if respondents are elderly and primacy effect is a main concern.

scholarly journals Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kelfve ◽  
Marie Kivi ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Magnus Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Paper Questionnaire ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Web Questionnaire ◽  
The Web

Abstract Background: Web-surveys are increasingly used in population studies. Yet, web-surveys targeting older individuals are still uncommon for various reasons. However, with younger cohorts approaching older age, the potentials for web-surveys among older people might be improved. In this study, we investigated response patterns in a web-survey targeting older adults and the potential importance of offering a paper questionnaire as an alternative to the web questionnaire. Methods: We analyzed data from three waves of a retirement study, in which a web-push methodology was used and a paper questionnaire was offered as an alternative to the web questionnaire in the last reminder. We mapped the response patterns, compared web- and paper respondents and compared different key outcomes resulting from the sample with and without the paper respondents, both at baseline and after two follow-ups.Results: Paper-respondents, that is, those that did not answer until they got a paper questionnaire with the last reminder, were more likely to be female, retired, single, and to report a lower level of education, higher levels of depression and lower self-reported health, compared to web-respondents. The association between retirement status and depression was only present among web-respondents. The differences between web and paper respondents were stronger in the longitudinal sample (after two follow-ups) than at baseline.Conclusions: We conclude that a web-survey might be a feasible and good alternative in surveys targeting people in the retirement age range. However, without offering a paper questionnaire, a small but important group will likely be missing with potential biased estimates as the result.

scholarly journals Web Server Performance Improvement Using Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mahmood Ibrahim ◽  
Siddeeq Y. Ameen ◽  
Hajar Maseeh Yasin ◽  
Naaman Omar ◽  
Shakir Fattah Kak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Dynamic Load Balancing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Servers ◽  
Web Server Performance ◽  
Server Clusters ◽  
The Web

Today, web services rapidly increased and are accessed by many users, leading to massive traffic on the Internet. Hence, the web server suffers from this problem, and it becomes challenging to manage the total traffic with growing users. It will be overloaded and show response time and bottleneck, so this massive traffic must be shared among several servers. Therefore, the load balancing technologies and server clusters are potent methods for dealing with server bottlenecks. Load balancing techniques distribute the load among servers in the cluster so that it balances all web servers. The motivation of this paper is to give an overview of the several load balancing techniques used to enhance the efficiency of web servers in terms of response time, throughput, and resource utilization. Different algorithms are addressed by researchers and get good results like the pending job, and IP hash algorithms achieve better performance.

scholarly journals Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kelfve ◽  
Marie Kivi ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Magnus Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Paper Questionnaire ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Web Questionnaire ◽  
The Web

Abstract Background: Web-surveys are increasingly used in population studies. Yet, web-surveys targeting older individuals are still uncommon for various reasons. However, with younger cohorts approaching older age, the potentials for web-surveys among older people might be improved. In this study, we investigated response patterns in a web-survey targeting older adults and the potential importance of offering a paper questionnaire as an alternative to the web questionnaire. Methods: We analyzed data from three waves of a retirement study, in which a web-push methodology was used and a paper questionnaire was offered as an alternative to the web questionnaire in the last reminder. We mapped the response patterns, compared web- and paper respondents and compared different key outcomes resulting from the sample with and without the paper respondents, both at baseline and after two follow-ups. Results: Paper-respondents, that is, those that did not answer until they got a paper questionnaire with the last reminder, were more likely to be women, low educated, fully retired, non-married and reported higher depression and lower self-rated health, compared with web-respondents. The association between retirement status and depression was only present among web-respondents. The differences between web and paper respondents were stronger in the longitudinal sample (after two follow-ups) than at baseline. Conclusions: We conclude that a web survey might be a feasible and good alternative in surveys targeting people in the retirement age range. However, without offering a paper questionnaire, a small but important group will likely be missing with potential biased estimates as the result.

scholarly journals An Innovative Method of Estimation Hewing for Invention Report Mining and Estimation Summarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S. Ravichandran ◽  
J. Sathiamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Online Business ◽  
The Web

With the assistance of Web 2.0, the bases on client interest, posting on the web surveys has become an undeniably mainstream path for individuals to impart their perspectives to different client’s suppositions and conclusions toward items and administrations. It turns into a typical practice for online business sites to give the offices to individuals to convey and distribute their audits between them. These online audits present an abundance of data on the Services and Products, which will encourage the improvement of their business. Consequently a developing number of late examinations have been centred on the Opinion Mining. For example the Opinion Mining alludes to computational method for assessing the sentiments that are mined from different Web Sources. A couple of Opinion Mining based techniques have been considered and broke down. From our investigation, it is seen that a couple of feeling mining based directed and unaided techniques had not delivered great outcomes because of alluding less number of sentiments inside a similar URL’S and treating the highlights with comparable significance as various. To beat this issue, Topic Anatomy Model TSCAN was proposed, where the Task is called as Topic Anatomy and which sums up and relates the primary pieces of a point with the goal that the per users could comprehend the substance without any problem. By utilizing this model, the more data can be removed and related through their transient closeness, which will give conceivable substance. This model is including imperative part in the Opinion Mining since clients can impart their insights about the items. From our usage, it is seen that this plan gives the best reasonable answer for the client’s advantages and requests. Notwithstanding, it burns-through more opportunity to anticipate the best performing items because of huge informational collections respectively. Consequently our exploration work is proposed and actualized a productive strategy for Opinion Mining called an Efficient Parallel Opinion Mining (EPOM) constructed TSCAN Algorithm separately. It is centring more sites and it is removing more data in equal way, so we can get advanced productive outcome with least execution time. From our outcomes, it is noticed that it gives the best reasonable answer for the client’s advantages and requests and it I s improving the presentation of existing method regarding Quality of Information, Prediction and Execution Time.

Using Only Numeric Labels Instead of Verbal Labels: Stripping Rating Scales to Their Bare Minimum in Web Surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932095176
Author(s):  
Tobias Gummer ◽  
Tanja Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Verbal Labels ◽  
Screen Space ◽  
First Time ◽  
Response Burden

With the increasing use of smartphones in web surveys, considerable efforts have been devoted to reduce the amount of screen space taken up by questions. An emerging stream of research in this area is aimed at optimizing the design elements of rating scales. One suggestion that has been made is to completely abandon verbal labels and use only numeric labels instead. This approach deliberately shifts the task of scale interpretation to the respondents and reduces the information given to them with an intention to reduce their response burden while still preserving the scale meaning. Following prior research, and by drawing on the established model of the cognitive response process, we critically tested these assumptions. Based on a web survey experiment, we found that omitting verbal labels and using only numeric labels instead pushed respondents to focus their responses on the endpoints of a rating scale. Moreover, drawing on response time paradata, we showed that their response burden was not reduced when presented with only numeric labels; quite the opposite was the case, especially when respondents answered the scale with only numeric labels for the first time, which seemed to entail additional cognitive effort. Based on our findings, we advise against using only numeric labels for rating scales in web surveys.

scholarly journals Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kelfve ◽  
Marie Kivi ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Magnus Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Paper Questionnaire ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Web Questionnaire ◽  
The Web

Abstract Background Web-surveys are increasingly used in population studies. Yet, web-surveys targeting older individuals are still uncommon for various reasons. However, with younger cohorts approaching older age, the potentials for web-surveys among older people might be improved. In this study, we investigated response patterns in a web-survey targeting older adults and the potential importance of offering a paper-questionnaire as an alternative to the web-questionnaire. Methods We analyzed data from three waves of a retirement study, in which a web-push methodology was used and a paper questionnaire was offered as an alternative to the web questionnaire in the last reminder. We mapped the response patterns, compared web- and paper respondents and compared different key outcomes resulting from the sample with and without the paper respondents, both at baseline and after two follow-ups. Results Paper-respondents, that is, those that did not answer until they got a paper questionnaire with the last reminder, were more likely to be female, retired, single, and to report a lower level of education, higher levels of depression and lower self-reported health, compared to web-respondents. The association between retirement status and depression was only present among web-respondents. The differences between web and paper respondents were stronger in the longitudinal sample (after two follow-ups) than at baseline. Conclusions We conclude that a web-survey might be a feasible and good alternative in surveys targeting people in the retirement age range. However, without offering a paper-questionnaire, a small but important group will likely be missing with potential biased estimates as the result.

Caching on the Web

2007 ◽  
pp. 124-158
Author(s):  
Mehregan Mahdavi ◽  
Boualem Bentallah
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Web Caching ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Dynamic Content ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

The World Wide Web provides a means for sharing data and applications among users. However, its performance and in particular providing fast response time is still an issue. Caching is a key technique that addresses some of the performance issues in today’s Web-enabled applications. Deploying dynamic data especially in an emerging class of Web applications, called Web Portals, makes caching even more interesting. In this chapter, we study Web caching techniques with focus on dynamic content. We also discuss the limitations of caching in Web portals and study a solution that addresses these limitations. The solution is based on the collaboration between the portal and its providers.

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