scholarly journals PCR based prevalence study of Francisella tularensis in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts during 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Oksana Borysivna Zlenko ◽  
Gennadiy Evgenievich Tkach ◽  
Anna Borysivna Sukhorukova ◽  
Lyudmila Vitaliivna Kylypko ◽  
Lubov Stepanivna Machota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Owl Pellets

AbstractIntroductionTularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, which is endemic to Ukraine. The aim of this work was to provide screening of different field samples (rodent tails, ticks, pellets, water, and hay) to obtain an actual picture of the tularaemia epizootic situation in the Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts.Material and MethodsSamples were collected using the flag method (for ticks) and break-back traps (for rodents). Also, hay, water and owl pellets were collected for study. The F. tularensis genetic material in samples was detected using a 16S qPCR.ResultsIt was found that in Kharkiv oblast, 23% of collected samples were positive for F. tularensis, in Dnipropetrovsk oblast 1.9%, and in Mykolaiv oblast 0.4%.ConclusionAmong the sample types, 34.7% of ticks, 1.8% of rodents, and 36.4% of pellets were positive for F. tularensis. The most frequent carriers of F. tularensis were the D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks (74.2% and 29.3%, respectively, of positive results).

scholarly journals Tularemia Goes West: Epidemiology of an Emerging Infection in Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Seiwald ◽  
Anja Simeon ◽  
Erwin Hofer ◽  
Günter Weiss ◽  
Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Emerging Infection

The zoonotic disease tularemia is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, with the two major subspecies tularensis and holarctica being responsible for infections in humans and animals. The F. tularensis subspecies holarctica is less virulent and prevalent in Europe and Asia. Over the last few centuries, few epidemic outbreaks and low numbers of infections have been registered in the eastern part of Austria, specifically in the provinces of Lower Austria, Burgenland, and Styria. The reported infections were mostly associated with hunting hares and the skinning of carcasses. Within the last decade, ticks have been identified as important vectors in Tyrol and served as first evidence for the spread of F. tularensis to Western Austria. In 2018, the pathogen was detected in hares in the provinces of Tyrol, Vorarlberg, and Salzburg. We presume that F. tularensis is now established in most regions of Austria, and that the investigation of potential host and vector animals should be spotlighted by public institutions. Tularemia in humans presents with various clinical manifestations. As glandular, ulceroglandular, and typhoidal forms occur in Austria, this infectious disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis of unknown fever.

Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and Immunoblot used for the screening of glanders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Siddiqur Rahman ◽  
Palash Kumar Bhattacharjee ◽  
Roma Rani Sarker ◽  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
Sayra Tasnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Motile Bacterium

Glanders is a fatal infectious and notifiable zoonotic disease of equines caused by the Gram-negative non-motile bacterium Burkholderia (B.) mallei, which is responsible for chronic suppurative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, pneumonia and septicemia in equines. Glanders in horses is worldwide distributed and reported from many countries. But no prevalence study was done in Bangladesh so far. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of glanders in horses using CFT and immunoblot assay. A total of 301 serum samples from horses were collected foe the detection of glanders antibodies from Mymensingh, Tangail and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. By CFT 105 samples were found positive and 23 samples were suspicious. The immunoblot confirmed 26 of these samples but 3 remained suspicious. The overall seroprevalence of glanders was 34.9% based on CFT and 24.8% based on immunoblot. Higher prevalence was found in Jamalpur (11.81%). CFT is considered to be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of glanders in field conditions in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Presence of Pili on the Surface of Francisella tularensis

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3042-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Gil ◽  
Jorge L. Benach ◽  
David G. Thanassi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Live Vaccine Strain ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Schu S4 ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious gram-negative bacterium with potential for use as a bioweapon. Analysis of the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) ultrastructure by electron microscopy revealed the presence of long, thin fibers, similar in appearance to type 4 pili. The highly virulent F. tularensis Schu S4 strain was found to contain type 4 pilus genes, and we confirmed that these genes are present and expressed in the LVS.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence of a Brucella melitensis Strain Isolated from Sheep in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed F. Alghoribi ◽  
Kamal H. Zidan ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Alswaji ◽  
Ali N. Alhafufi ◽  
Abdalla Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type

The intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Brucella melitensis causes a zoonotic disease in humans originating from animals. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of Brucella melitensis strain KSA_BM_07, isolated from sheep in March 2017 in Huraymila, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Avidity of IgG class antibodies to Francisella tularensis in the course of tularemia in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Waldemar Rastawicki ◽  
Karolina Śmietańska ◽  
Natalia Rokosz-Chudziak ◽  
Urszula Roguska
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Avidity Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Tularemia is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. The microbiological diagnosis of tularemia is based mainly on serological investigations. The present study was undertaken to determine the avidity of IgG class antibodies to Francisella tularensis in the course of tularemia in humans and to evaluate its value for estimation of the phase of diseases. Methods: Fifty two serum samples obtained from 40 patients with tularemia were tested by in-house ELISA in duplicate in the same plate, without and after the 0.5 h incubation with 8M urea. The age of the subjects was between 6 and 77 years. From one patient, a 9-years-old girl with oculoglandular form of tularemia, five serum samples were taken, respectively after 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months from the beginning of the first clinical symptoms. Results: The results of the study showed higher values of the avidity index (AI) of IgG antibodies for F. tularensis, often exceeding the value of 0.9, in children and adolescents than in adults. The examination of serum samples obtained 2-3 times in the course of tularemia from few patients did not show significant differences in the level of avidity index depending on the period of the disease. However, in five serum samples obtained from a 9-years-old girl in the different phases of tularemia the avidity index showed increasing values (0.51, 0.80, 0.92, 0.90 and 0.94, respectively). Conclusions: The avidity index of IgG may be helpful in excluding recent infection, but its usefulness in detecting an active phase of invasion requires further research.

scholarly journals Francisella tularensisBacteremia: A Case Report from Sudan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma E. R. Mohamed ◽  
Aymun I. Mubarak ◽  
Lamia O. Alfarooq
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Highly Virulent

Francisella tularensisis a highly virulent intracellular gram-negative bacterium. The organism is usually isolated from wild and domestic animals and invertebrate. Man gets infection by direct contact with those animals or their products but the most common mode of transmission is via arthropod vectors. The disease is endemic in North America, parts of Europe, and Asia but has never been reported in Africa. A 29-year old male living in a rural area of Southern Sudan has been maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for two years. He presented to our center in May 2010 complaining of fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and abdominal discomfort for four days. He was very ill, pale, and dehydrated. There were enlarged tender submandibular lymph nodes, but no mouth ulcers or other palpable lymph nodes. Peritonitis was excluded by effluent white blood cell count and culture. Empiric antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxon, and ciprofloxacin was started. Gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated by blood culture. The organism was identified asFrancisella tularensis. We started him on a ten-day course of gentamicin after which he improved. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of bacteremia caused byFrancisella tularensisin Sudan.

scholarly journals Bordetella holmesii DNA is not detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from Finnish and Dutch patients with suspected pertussis

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Antila ◽  
Qiushui He ◽  
Caroline de Jong ◽  
Ingrid Aarts ◽  
Harold Verbakel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Positive Results

Bordetella holmesii is a Gram-negative bacterium first identified in 1995. It can cause pertussis-like symptoms in humans. B. holmesii contains insertion sequences IS481 and IS1001, two frequently used targets in the PCR diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections. To investigate the prevalence of B. holmesii in Finnish and Dutch patients with pertussis-like symptoms and whether B. holmesii has caused any false-positive results in diagnostic PCRs, B. holmesii-specific real-time PCRs were developed. The Finnish methods were conventional IS481 PCR and B. holmesii-specific real-time PCR (LightCycler, Roche) targeting the B. holmesii recA gene. The Dutch methods were IS481 and IS1001 PCRs with conventional or real-time formats and B. holmesii-specific real-time PCR targeting the homologue of IS1001. Of 11 319 nasopharyngeal swabs, 2804 were collected from Finnish patients from 2000 to 2003, and 8515 from Dutch patients from 1992 to 2003. B. holmesii DNA was not found in the samples analysed. The results suggest that B. holmesii is not among the causative agents of pertussis-like symptoms in Finnish and Dutch patients and thus does not in practice confound IS481 and IS1001 PCRs.

scholarly journals Working toward the Future: Insights into Francisella tularensis Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Pechous ◽  
Travis R. McCarthy ◽  
Thomas C. Zahrt
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
The Future

SUMMARY Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular gram-negative pathogen and the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. Recent advances in the field of Francisella genetics have led to a rapid increase in both the generation and subsequent characterization of mutant strains exhibiting altered growth and/or virulence characteristics within various model systems of infection. In this review, we summarize the major properties of several Francisella species, including F. tularensis and F. novicida, and provide an up-to-date synopsis of the genes necessary for pathogenesis by these organisms and the determinants that are currently being targeted for vaccine development.

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