Staphylococcus sciuri Strain LCHXa is a Free-Living Lithium-Tolerant Bacterium Isolated from Salar de Atacama, Chile

In addition to the industrial and biomedical applications of lithium, information on the tolerance of microorganisms to high Li concentrations in natural biological systems is limited. Strain LCHXa is a novel free-living Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium strain isolated from water samples taken at Laguna Chaxa, a non-industrial water body with the highest soluble Li content (33 mM LiCl) within the Salar de Atacama basin in northern Chile. Enrichment was conducted in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with 1 M LiCl. Strain LCHXa was a Novobiocin-resistant and coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Phylogenetically, strain LCHXa belongs to the species Staphylococcus sciuri. Strain LCHXa grew optimally in LB medium at pH 6–8 and 37 °C, and it was able to sustain growth at molar Li concentrations at 2 M LiCl, with a decrease in the specific growth rate of 85%. Osmoregulation in strain LCHXa partially involves glycine betaine and glycerol as compatible solutes.

The Potential of Sea Grapes (Caulerpa Lentilifera) Extracted Polysaccharide as Prebiotics on Inhibiting Pathogenic Bacteria Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

Sea grapes or green cavier (Caulerpa lentilifera), a common tropical green seaweed, consisted of polysaccharides to be used as a prebiotic precursor for prevention of pathogens in aquatic animals. The efficiency of polysaccharides extracted from sea grapes for prebiotic properties was conducted by comparing the growth of probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis at different concentrations in co-cultured with pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative motile bacterium that inhabits marine and estuarine environments throughout the world, causes of violent diseases outbreak in aquatic animals. The experimental research was 4 treatments with 4 replications including control group (LB broth), extracted sea grape enrichment in LB broth at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.7 mg.C/l. The result showed that the highest growth of probiotic bacteria appeared significantly at extracted sea grape in LB broth with 0.5 mg.C/l (1.64×107 ± 6.04×106 cfu/ml). The said concentration was used as benchmark to clarify the pathogenic resistance. The comparison between monoculture of probiotic bacteria and co-culture of probiotic bacteria plus pathogenic bacteria indicated that there was non significantly different in growth of the bacterias. Hence extracted polysaccharides from sea graps (C. lentilifera) had potential to be utilized not only as a growth enrichment of probiotic bacteria but also inhibiting pathogenic bacteria.

Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and Immunoblot used for the screening of glanders

Glanders is a fatal infectious and notifiable zoonotic disease of equines caused by the Gram-negative non-motile bacterium Burkholderia (B.) mallei, which is responsible for chronic suppurative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, pneumonia and septicemia in equines. Glanders in horses is worldwide distributed and reported from many countries. But no prevalence study was done in Bangladesh so far. Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of glanders in horses using CFT and immunoblot assay. A total of 301 serum samples from horses were collected foe the detection of glanders antibodies from Mymensingh, Tangail and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. By CFT 105 samples were found positive and 23 samples were suspicious. The immunoblot confirmed 26 of these samples but 3 remained suspicious. The overall seroprevalence of glanders was 34.9% based on CFT and 24.8% based on immunoblot. Higher prevalence was found in Jamalpur (11.81%). CFT is considered to be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of glanders in field conditions in Bangladesh.

Draft Genome Sequence of Fish Pathogen Aeromonas bestiarum GA97-22

ABSTRACT Aeromonas bestiarum is a Gram-negative mesophilic motile bacterium causing acute hemorrhagic septicemia or chronic skin ulcers in fish. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of A. bestiarum strain GA97-22, which was isolated from rainbow trout in 1997. This genome sequence will improve our understanding of the complex taxonomy of motile aeromonads.

Huaishuia halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater

A novel Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated ZXM137T, was isolated from seawater collected from a coastal region of Qingdao, China, during a massive green algae (Enteromorpha prolifera) bloom. Strain ZXM137T was strictly aerobic and did not accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. Growth occurred with 0.5–11.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6–9 (optimum of pH 7) and at 4–45 °C (optimum at 28 °C). It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids, and an unidentified aminolipid and lipid. The major cellular fatty acids of strain ZXM137T were C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω6c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C content was 60.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ZXM137T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Roseobacter group in the class Alphaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain ZXM137T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Huaishuia halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is ZXM137T ( = CGMCC 1.8891T = LMG 24854T).

Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

SUMMARY In bacteria, motility is important for a wide variety of biological functions such as virulence, fruiting body formation, and biofilm formation. While most bacteria move by using specialized appendages, usually external or periplasmic flagella, some bacteria use other mechanisms for their movements that are less well characterized. These mechanisms do not always exhibit obvious motility structures. Myxococcus xanthus is a motile bacterium that does not produce flagella but glides slowly over solid surfaces. How M. xanthus moves has remained a puzzle that has challenged microbiologists for over 50 years. Fortunately, recent advances in the analysis of motility mutants, bioinformatics, and protein localization have revealed likely mechanisms for the two M. xanthus motility systems. These results are summarized in this review.