scholarly journals „Das mustu gleuben, oder der Teufel bescheisset dich.“ Die invektiven Paratexte der protestantischen Lügenden und ihre gattungskommunikative Funktion

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
Antje Sablotny
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Communication ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Negotiation Processes

Abstract The article deals with the Protestant genre ‘Lügende’ (word combined from ‘Legende’ [legend] and ‘Lüge’ [lie]) as a disparagement of Roman Catholic legends in the 16th century. The investigation concentrates on paratextualisation as elementary invective mode of ‘Lügenden’. The analytical focus on titles, marginalia and so called ‘reminders’ (‘Erinnerungen’) shows the correlation between the generic term ‘Legende’ resp. ‘Lügende’ and the invective pattern of language use ‘Lügende’. According to this, the article discusses ‘Lügende’ as a communicative genre. Furthermore, by understanding ‘Lügende’ as a meta genre, whose paratexts are its basic elements of metaization, paratexts refer to text transgressions. Therefore, they are specified as secondary forms of religious communication during the denominational conflicts and negotiation processes in the 16th century.

4. Church and biblical Christianity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Equivalent Position ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Church

What is meant by ‘Church Christianity’ and ‘Biblical Christianity’ and where do they come from? ‘Church and Biblical Christianity’ explains that ‘Church Christianity’ is centred around the institution of the church, whereas for ‘Biblical Christianity’ the scriptures have the equivalent position of authority. Both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches belong to Church Christianity and are the most enduring and extensive types of Christianity having been in existence since the 3rd century. Biblical Christianity can trace its roots to the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century when the Bible became widely accessible. Its sectarian nature and desire to shelter from wider society in order to retain Godly purity limited its growth.

Odniesienie do Boga i tradycji chrześcijańskich w codziennej komunikacji na przestrzeni wieków

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (24 A) ◽  
pp. 271-295
Author(s):  
Renata Nadobnik
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Lexical Structure

The article deals with commonly used (in typical communicative situations) conventionalized linguistic forms containing in their lexical structure elements, referring to widely understood Christian traditions. The research material includes conversational formulas in Polish extracted from the Polish-German phrasebooks. The study has a diachronic character. On the basis of the analyses carried out, it is possible to trace changes in the area of language use in the abovementioned scope, which have taken place from the 16th century to the present day.

scholarly journals Changing perspectives on the Crusades

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Theron ◽  
Erna Oliver
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Negative Perception

The notion and consequences of the Crusades are still influencing the modern Christian (and Muslim) pattern of thinking. These ‘holy wars’, fought by members of the Roman Catholic Church, mostly against infidels (‘unbelievers’), including the Muslims of the time, lasted for several centuries and had varied levels of success. These wars were both lauded and criticised and currently these two opposite perceptions still persist. After the background to the historical setting of the Crusades, this article provides an overview of the changing viewpoints on this movement by describing the perspectives of the most prominent authors (exponents) who aired their views on the Crusades between the 16th century and the first part of the 21st century, finding that the negative perception runs like a thread through the last five centuries.

Reformation: a changing Perception of Marriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Nina Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Mystical Union ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Church

The article analyzes the ideas of the great reformers of the 16th century Martin Luther and John Calvin about marriage as the most important social institution. Luther's doctrine of the "earthly institution" of marriage and Calvin's doctrine of the marriage covenant had been shaped under the influence of their criticism of the Roman Catholic Church's position on marriage. Catholics considered marriage to be inferior to celibacy. The Church forbade marriage for monks and priests, and also prevented many lay people from getting married on the basis of prohibitions regarding religion, consanguinity, and guardianship. Since the Church considered marriage to be one of the seven sacraments that imparted grace to spouses and symbolized the mystical union of God and the Church, the marriage union was considered indissoluble. If the spouses were unhappy in their marriage, then they could get permission only for a separate living, but not for divorce. The reformers shifted the emphasis from the sacramentality of marriage to its social significance. They emphasized that marriage is the first institution in terms of importance in comparison with the Church and the state. The institution of matrimony is able to provide an example of relationships based on love, trust and mutual assistance, and the family is not only a means of population reproduction, it educates future citizens and members of the Church. The views of Martin Luther and John Calvin have had a decisive influence on Western European views on marriage, family and parenting. The article analyzes the ideas of the great reformers of the 16th century Martin Luther and John Calvin about marriage as the most important social institution. Luther's doctrine of the "earthly institution" of marriage and Calvin's doctrine of the marriage covenant had been shaped under the influence of their criticism of the Roman Catholic Church's position on marriage. Catholics considered marriage to be inferior to celibacy. The Church forbade marriage for monks and priests, and also prevented many lay people from getting married on the basis of prohibitions regarding religion, consanguinity, and guardianship. Since the Church considered marriage to be one of the seven sacraments that imparted grace to spouses and symbolized the mystical union of God and the Church, the marriage union was considered indissoluble. If the spouses were unhappy in their marriage, then they could get permission only for a separate living, but not for divorce. The reformers shifted the emphasis from the sacramentality of marriage to its social significance. They emphasized that marriage is the first institution in terms of importance in comparison with the Church and the state. The institution of matrimony is able to provide an example of relationships based on love, trust and mutual assistance, and the family is not only a means of population reproduction, it educates future citizens and members of the Church. The views of Martin Luther and John Calvin have had a decisive influence on Western European views on marriage, family and parenting.

The Reformation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hillerbrand ◽  
Wladyslaw Roczniak
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Christian Society ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Reformation of the 16th century, sometimes known as “Protestant Reformation” in order to distinguish it from a Catholic “Reformation,” was a pan-European movement that called for reform of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the entirety of Christian society. For many of the reformers, however, more was at issue than mere reform; they called for a fundamental re-conceptualization of theology. The Reformation failed in influencing the Catholic Church. Martin Luther, the early leader of the movement, was excommunicated by the Catholic Church, but defiantly pursued his understanding of the Christian faith. As a result of the Reformation new Protestant churches with distinct theological profiles emerged. Several features have characterized scholarship on the Reformation. For one, the historiography of the Reformation has traditionally tended to followed confessional lines, with Protestant scholars painting a negative picture of the state of the Catholic Church on the eve of the Reformation, and an exuberant picture of the achievements of the reformers. Catholic scholars saw things the other way around. More recently a more judicious treatment, less confessionally oriented, of the religious turbulence of the 16th century has emerged. Also, historians of the Reformation have employed different conceptual frames of reference, particularly regarding the question of the primary factor (religion, politics, personal ambition, economics) of the turbulence. This bibliography considers the broad outlines of the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. Other entries consider the Reformation in England, France, and the German lands; the Catholic Reformation; the Radical Sects; and key Reformation individuals.

Ambroise Paré (1510 to 1590): A Surgeon Centuries Ahead of His Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Shen ◽  
Michael Weinstein ◽  
Alec Beekley ◽  
Charles Yeo ◽  
Scott Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Ambroise Paré ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Ambroise Pare

In their extensive writings, Hippocrates and Celsus counseled physicians to be knowledgeable in both the medical and surgical management of patient recovery.1 However, their words fell by the wayside because cutting of the body was forbidden by the Roman Catholic Church. Furthermore, the contemporaneous Arabic medical teachings emphasized tradition and authority over observation and personal experience. This created an ever-growing rift between the schools of surgical and pharmacologic medicine with both groups denying their involvement in the other domain. Surgeons had been plagued by postoperative complications including infection, malnutrition, and muscular wasting for centuries. Surgeons were forced to re-examine how diet and exercise affected outcomes before the advent of microbiology and advances in pharmacology. All of this changed when Ambroise Paré, a 16th century surgeon, revolutionized the medical world with his astute observations of postoperative diet and exercise.

scholarly journals Prilog poznavanju slikarskih kontakata između Dubrovačke Republike, Mletačke Albanije i južne Italije početkom 16. stoljeća s posebnim osvrtom na „slučaj“ slikara Michelea Greca iz Valone

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ivana Prijatelj Pavičić
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
16Th Century

This article focuses on the painting style in Dalmatia and southern Adriatic during the 15th and the first decades of the 16th century, which merged Byzantine stylization, morphology, and iconography with Renaissance style, typology, and iconography. This type of hybrid style is observable both in the art of Eastern Orthodox painters and in the Roman Catholic ones. Special emphasis is on painter Michele Greco from Valona, who was active in Molise during the early 16th century.

Locality and Myth: the Resacralization of Selja and the Cult of St. Sunniva

Numen ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Mikaelsson
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
The West ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
History And Myth

AbstractThe article demonstrates the merging of contemporary processes of resacralization, retraditionalization, and local identity construction embodied in one particular example, the island of Selja on the west coast of Norway. In Roman-Catholic times, Selja was a major pilgrimage site, famous for its legend of St. Sunniva, an Irish princess who fled from her country and took refuge on the island where she suffered a martyr death. The national conversion to Lutheranism in the 16th century put an end to the official Sunniva cult. In our time, however, the legend has been revived and is celebrated for various purposes by the local Lutheran state church, the tourist business, and individuals who are attracted to the symbolic complex of Selja-Sunniva for spiritual reasons. The article argues that the revival of the legend converts the old site with its ruins and landscape features into a narrative space, re-establishing a sanctuary with a variety of symbolic references. Selja meets the requirements of modern seekers and pilgrims, while its history and myth are excellently fitted to serve local identity construction.

scholarly journals Newly wed in Wittenberg 1523 – And committed to the Lutheran Reformation

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Major Event

Protestant teaching questioned the redemptive value of Roman Catholic spirituality of the 16th century. Consequently many monks and nuns were led to leave their monasteries and convents. Elisabeth von Meseritz was a nun who found her way to Wittenberg. There she married and wrote the first protestant hymn as a woman clearly supportive of the Lutheran Reformation. The simplicity of Elisabeth’s story is a projection from one major event of her life to another ignoring the complexity of contexts and influences upon her which continued to shape her life. Instead of only focusing on the obvious highpoints of her story this article allows for the development of a fuller story that enriches understanding of an early protestant of the 16th century, a woman of the Lutheran Reformation.Pas getroud in Wittenberg 1523 – en toegewyd tot die Lutherse Reformasie. Protestantse leerstellings het die heilswaarde van die Rooms-Katolieke spiritualiteit van die sestiende eeu bevraagteken. Baie monnike en nonne het gevolglik hulle kloosters verlaat. Een van hulle was Elisabeth von Meseritz wat haar pad na Wittenberg gevind het. Daar is sy getroud en het die eerste protestantse lied as ’n vrou geskryf wat duidelik ondersteunend van die Lutherse Hervorming was. Die eenvoud van Elisabeth se storie is ’n projeksie van die een belangrike gebeurtenis van haar lewe na die volgende. Dit het die kompleksiteit van die konteks en die invloede wat voortgegaan het om haar lewe te vorm, geïgnoreer. In plaas daarvan om net op die voor die hand liggend hooftrekke van haar storie te fokus, maak hierdie artikel voorsiening vir die ontwikkeling van ’n verrykende storie met begrip vir die vroeë Protestantse sestiende eeuse vrou van die Lutherse Hervorming.

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document