Odniesienie do Boga i tradycji chrześcijańskich w codziennej komunikacji na przestrzeni wieków

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (24 A) ◽  
pp. 271-295
Author(s):  
Renata Nadobnik

The article deals with commonly used (in typical communicative situations) conventionalized linguistic forms containing in their lexical structure elements, referring to widely understood Christian traditions. The research material includes conversational formulas in Polish extracted from the Polish-German phrasebooks. The study has a diachronic character. On the basis of the analyses carried out, it is possible to trace changes in the area of language use in the abovementioned scope, which have taken place from the 16th century to the present day.

Author(s):  
Søren Wichmann

The article claims that language and culture should not be studied separately. Examples from linguistic expressions of space in Danish, Hopi, Yutatec Maya, and Tlapanec are drawn upon to support this view. In Danish, different lexical items describing domestic space are introduced into discourse by different prepositions according to a system revolving around integration and centrality that seems to reflect actual behaviour. It is suggested that this behaviour be studied. A review of studies of linguistic conceptualization of domestic space in Hopi (Whorf & Malotki) and Yucatec (Hanks) shows that lexical structure alone does not pinpoint cultural characteristics - a study of language use is all-important. This is also the case of Tlapanec motion verbs which make a contrast between ‘base’ and ‘non-base’. The correct use of these verbs requires a culturally transmitted knowledge of what belongs where in the world - as do many other forms of behaviour. These observations are followed by a short review of other studies in the field of language and spatial orientation. Finally, the conclusion again stresses the need to integrate linguistic and anthropological thinking.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
Antje Sablotny

Abstract The article deals with the Protestant genre ‘Lügende’ (word combined from ‘Legende’ [legend] and ‘Lüge’ [lie]) as a disparagement of Roman Catholic legends in the 16th century. The investigation concentrates on paratextualisation as elementary invective mode of ‘Lügenden’. The analytical focus on titles, marginalia and so called ‘reminders’ (‘Erinnerungen’) shows the correlation between the generic term ‘Legende’ resp. ‘Lügende’ and the invective pattern of language use ‘Lügende’. According to this, the article discusses ‘Lügende’ as a communicative genre. Furthermore, by understanding ‘Lügende’ as a meta genre, whose paratexts are its basic elements of metaization, paratexts refer to text transgressions. Therefore, they are specified as secondary forms of religious communication during the denominational conflicts and negotiation processes in the 16th century.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Daniel Wojtucki

Parish records are an interesting source material for researching the issue of beliefs in returning dead. Parish records of deaths rarely relate the funerals of people other than the God-fearing citizens who rested in the parish necropolis or those killed in tragic circumstances, usually as a result of an accident. From the end of the 16th century, the areas of the Silesian-Moravian borderland, or northern Moravia itself, were the scene of fierce struggles against the dead rising from their graves. Later, mainly eighteenth-century publications began to use the term defining these phenomena as magia posthuma. The intensity of beliefs in posthumous magic peaked in late 17th and early 18th centuries. It was widely thought at the time that a deceased person whose body does not show normal, post-mortem changes (rigidity) was a witch or a sorcerer. In Silesia and Moravia effective forms of dealing with harmful deceased people were developed in the period of 16th-18th centuries. Based on the analysis of existing source material, we know that the most frequent course of action was to find the grave of the “undead”in the cemetery, exhume the corpse and destroy it. All these measures against corpses who rose from their graves had to leave a trace in the parish books. In the discussed area, the oldest entries from records of death concerning the beliefs in dead who returned to plague the living can be found in the volume for the Silesian city of Strzegom (German: Striegau) covering the years 1589–1715. Some interesting research material is also provided by entries made in the records of death in the small town of Ryžoviště(German: Braunseifen) for the years 1583–1640 and 1640–1717. One of the last entries in the death records was made on 1 March 1755, when the Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree forbidding the persecution of people accused of witchcraft, treasure hunts with the aid of magic and also the exhumation or burning of the bodies of people accused of posthumous magic.


Author(s):  
А.Ф. Кудзоева

В статье предметом исследования являются абзацные зачины в текстах одного из крупнейших современных осетинских писателей Гастана Агнаева. С позиций коммуникативной стилистики, в русле теории регулятивности, рассматриваются содержательные типы и лексическая структура абзацных зачинов как регулятивной структуры – компонента идиостиля писателя. На материале двух разных по жанру, стилю, объему произведений писателя (романа «Младшая дочь Темыра» и рассказа «Лошадь плакала…») предпринята попытка составления содержательной типологии регулярных абзацных зачинов, выявления лексических регулятивных средств и приемов реализации авторских интенций. Выбор материала исследования продиктован намерением доказать универсальность средств и способов организации диалога с читателем как проявлений индивидуальных качеств языковой личности писателя, то есть его идиостиля. Актуальность такого исследования обусловлена тем, что доминанты современного гуманитарного знания – антропоцентризм и текстоцентризм – еще не оказали должного влияния на осетинскую лингвистику, творческая индивидуальность автора художественного текста в разных работах рассматривается только в аспекте системы концептов или композиционных приемов. Методологической основой исследования послужили работы Н.С. Болотновой, Г.А. Золотовой, Е.В. Сидорова и др. Используя методы интроспекции, моделирования, семантико-стилистического анализа, количественных подсчетов, проанализировано более 1000 абзацных зачинов, выявлены типичные в плане содержания и лексической оформленности абзацные зачины, доказан их статус как регулятивной структуры в структуре идиостиля Г. Агнаева. Сделан вывод о том, что идиостилю писателя присущ принцип экономии языковых средств при создании образа. Высокая частотность глагольной и абстрактной лексики в основных типах абзацных зачинов дает возможность говорить о склонности к рефлексии, имплицитном пропагандировании извечных ценностей, наличии внутреннего конфликта с прагматичным миром. In the article, the subject of research is the paragraphs in the texts of one of the greatest modern Ossetian writers Gastan Agnaev. From the standpoint of communicative stylistics, in line with the theory of regulation, content types and lexical structure of paragraphs are considered as a regulatory structure – a component of the writer's idiostyle. On the basis of two works of the writer, different in genre, style, volume (the novel "The Youngest Daughter of Temyr" and the story "The Horse Cried..."), an attempt was made to compile a meaningful typology of regular paragraphs, identify lexical regulatory means and methods of implementing author's intentions. The choice of the research material was dictated by the intention to prove the universality of the means and methods of organizing dialogue with the reader as manifestations of the individual qualities of the writer's linguistic personality, that is, his idiostyle. The relevance of such a study is due to the fact that the dominants of modern humanitarian knowledge – anthropocentrism and textocentrism – have not yet had a proper impact on Ossetian linguistics, the creative individuality of the author of a literary text in different works is considered only in the aspect of a system of concepts or compositional techniques. The works of N.S. Bolotnova, G.A. Zolotova, E.V. Sidorova and others served as the methodological basis of the study. Using the methods of introspection, modeling, semantic and stylistic analysis, quantitative calculations, more than 1000 paragraphs were analyzed, paragraphs typical in terms of content and lexical design were revealed, their status as a regulatory structure in the structure of G. Agnaev's idiostyle was proved. It is concluded that the principle of saving language means when creating an image is inherent in the writer's idiostyle. The high frequency of verbal and abstract vocabulary in the main types of paragraphs makes it possible to talk about a tendency to reflection, implicit propaganda of eternal values, and the presence of an internal conflict with the pragmatic world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
Haris Ullah ◽  
Dr. Hafiz Zafar Hussain

This paper reviews some standpoints, deep research material and learning keys about organs transplantation, their donation and their economic status in light of Islamic teachings according to Quran, Sunnah, and fiqh(Mazahib e Arba). As we know that Organs transplantation in not a 20th century novelty. Indeed, it was known in one form or another even in prehistoric times. Ancient Hindu surgeons described methods for repai­ring defects of the nose and ears using auto grafts from the neighboring skin, a technique that remains to the present day. Susruta Sanhita, an old Indian medical document written in 700 BC, described the procedure later emulated by the Italian Tagliacozzi in the 16th century, and by British surgeons working in India in the 17th and 18th centuries, Now we also have to learn that if organs transplantation is a method that save humans life then on another hand it may open a wide gateway towards the human kidnapping and their killing crimes,  just for earning some money which strongly effect human morals and its society, so that’s why Islam doesn’t support organ transplantation and their donation in  each and every case except in some rare conditions which are mentioned in this article.   


Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.


2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Leonard L. LaPointe

Abstract Loss of implicit linguistic competence assumes a loss of linguistic rules, necessary linguistic computations, or representations. In aphasia, the inherent neurological damage is frequently assumed by some to be a loss of implicit linguistic competence that has damaged or wiped out neural centers or pathways that are necessary for maintenance of the language rules and representations needed to communicate. Not everyone agrees with this view of language use in aphasia. The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. Advances in understanding linguistic competence and performance may be informed by careful study of bilingual language acquisition and loss, the language of savants, the language of feral children, and advances in neuroimaging. Social models of aphasia treatment, coupled with an access deficit view of aphasia, can salve our restless minds and allow pursuit of maximum interactive communication goals even without a comfortable explanation of implicit linguistic competence in aphasia.


1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-641
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  

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