scholarly journals Exploring the language layer of the dānastuti genre

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Georges-Jean Pinault
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Distinct Part ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Made In

Abstract The linguistic variedness of the ancient Vedic texts is a well-known fact. This can be observed within the Ṛgveda itself, the most ancient collection of hymns, and if one compares the language of the Ṛgveda with that of the Atharvaveda. Glimpses of Vedic dialects can be detected in several passages and words, although the poetic language displays a high degree of convention and normalisation. Among the hymns of the Rigveda few specific features can be attributed to the different families of bards, even though one can surmise that they belonged to different regions of the Vedic world. It is also likely that some families or so-called “branches” were linguistically mixed. The hymns resort to different genres of discourse. The dānastuti, lit. ‘praise of the gift’, marks a distinct part of the poetic competence. The passages in question, which are often limited to a single stanza, although others are more developed, making up a substantial part of the poem, are devoted to praise of the generosity of the patron, who is expected to reward the poet appropriately for his work. A comprehensive survey of these parts of the hymns of the Rigveda was made in the dissertation of Manilal Patel (1929), a student of Karl F. Geldner. This meritorious book describes mostly cultural, historical and ritual features. On the other hand, the familiar, and in cases crude or mischievous, tone of these pieces has been noted by several commentators of the Rigveda. It would be too simple, however, to consider that these parts faithfully reflect everyday speech. The paper aims to explore the linguistic traits of the dānastutis which contrast with the standard layer of the Ṛgvedic language at all levels: phonology, morphology, syntax, vocabulary. On the level of stylistics and poetics, it will be shown that the phraseology of the dānastutis relies on sophisticated devices derived from the standard phraseology which was used otherwise for the praise of the gods and goddesses in the core of the hymns.

The Letter of Recommendation as Strange Work

PMLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-962
Author(s):  
Margaret Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Free Lunch ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Gift ◽  
English Major ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Gift Certificate ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Made In

On the one hand, the gift presents itself as a radical Other of the commodity—and therefore also of work, insofar as the latter is understood as an investment of time and energy made in the expectation of wages or profit. On the other hand, the idea of the gift seems constantly to be drawn back under the horizon of rational exchange, and to be thus endlessly re-revealed as a secret ally of both work and the Work.—Scott Cutler Shershow, The Work and the GiftI have put together all these details to convince you that this recommendation of mine is something out of the common.Quae ego omnia collegi, ut intellegeres non vulgarem esse commendationem hanc meam.—Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares, book 13LAST FALL I FOUND IN MY OFFICE MAILBOX AN ENVELOPE FROM A SOPHOMORE ENGLISH MAJOR WHO HAD ASKED ME DURING THE SUMMER for a last-minute letter of recommendation for a scholarship competition. The envelope contained a handwritten thank-you note—and a gift certificate for a local restaurant. I e-mailed the student to thank her and to tell her that I couldn't accept the gift certificate since the letter I had written for her was part of my job as a teacher. She insisted; I insisted. She said that several teachers had turned her down before I agreed (from a hotel in Germany) to write for her. I felt rueful, as well as grateful to her for the token of gratitude that I couldn't accept. Eventually she won the debate: I accepted the printed piece of paper and took my daughters out to a free lunch.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

Scales in K(ℝ) at the end of a weak gap

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Induction Hypothesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
Woodin Cardinals ◽  
Other Hand

In this note we shall proveTheorem 0.1. Letbe a countably ω-iterable-mouse which satisfies AD, and [α, β] a weak gap of. Supposeis captured by mice with iteration strategies in ∣α. Let n be least such that ; then we have that believes that has the Scale Property.This complements the work of [5] on the construction of scales of minimal complexity on sets of reals in K(ℝ). Theorem 0.1 was proved there under the stronger hypothesis that all sets definable over are determined, although without the capturing hypothesis. (See [5, Theorem 4.14].) Unfortunately, this is more determinacy than would be available as an induction hypothesis in a core model induction. The capturing hypothesis, on the other hand, is available in such a situation. Since core model inductions are one of the principal applications of the construction of optimal scales, it is important to prove 0.1 as stated.Our proof will incorporate a number of ideas due to Woodin which figure prominently in the weak gap case of the core model induction. It relies also on the connection between scales and iteration strategies with the Dodd-Jensen property first discovered in [3]. Let be the pointclass at the beginning of the weak gap referred to in 0.1. In section 1, we use Woodin's ideas to construct a Γ-full a mouse having ω Woodin cardinals cofinal in its ordinals, together with an iteration strategy Σ which condenses well in the sense of [4, Def. 1.13]. In section 2, we construct the desired scale from and Σ.

Methylene. III. Gas phase reactions with 1-chloropropane

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1509) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Singlet Methylene

The work described in this and the following paper is a continuation of that in parts I and II, devoted to elucidation of the mechanism of the reactions of methylene with chloroalkanes, with particular reference to the reactivities of singlet and triplet methylene in abstraction and insertion processes. The products of the reaction between methylene, prepared by the photolysis of ketene, and 1-chloropropane have been identified and estimated and their dependence on reactant pressures, photolysing wavelength and presence of foreign gases (oxygen and carbon mon­oxide) has been investigated. Both insertion and abstraction mechanisms contribute significantly to the over-all reaction, insertion being relatively much more important than with chloroethane. This type of process appears to be confined to singlet methylene. If, as seems likely, there is no insertion into C—Cl bonds under our conditions (see part IV), insertion into C2—H and C3—H bonds occurs in statistical ratio, approximately. On the other hand, the chlorine substituent reduces the probability of insertion into C—H bonds in its vicinity. As in the chloroethane system, both species of methylene show a high degree of selectivity in their abstraction reactions. We find that k S Cl / k S H >7.7, k T Cl / k T H < 0.14, where the k ’s are rate constants for abstraction, and the super- and subscripts indicate the species of methylene and the type of atom abstracted, respectively. Triplet methylene is discriminating in hydrogen abstraction from 1-C 3 H 7 Cl, the overall rates for atoms attached to C1, C2, C3 being in the ratios 2.63:1:0.

Dziedzictwo dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w języku pierwszego polskiego przekładu poematu „Metai” Kristijonasa Donelaitisa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-400
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mędelska
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The author analysed the language of the first Polish translation of the eighteenth-century poem “Metai” [The Seasons] by Kristijonas Donelaitis, a Lithuanian Lutheran pastor. The translation was made in 1933 by a socialist activist and close associate of Józef Piłsudski, Kazimierz Pietkiewicz. The analysis showed that the language of the translation is peculiar. On the one hand, this peculiarity consists in refraining from archaizing the translation and the use of elements that are close to the translator’s style of social-political journalism (e.g., dorobkiewicz [vulgarian], feministka [feminist]), on the other hand, the presence at all levels of language of peculiarities characteristic for Kresy Polish language in both its territorial variations. These are generally old features of common Polish, the retention of which in the eastern areas of the Polish Rzeczpospolita was supported by the influence of substrate languages, later also Russian, or by borrowing. This layer was natural in the language of the translator, born in Ukraine, who spent part of his life in Vilnius, some in exile in Russia. This is the colourful linguistic heritage of the former Republic of Poland.

The Challenge of Terror: A Traveling Essay

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lederach
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Global System ◽  
Basic Trust ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand

So here I am, a week late arriving home, stuck between Colombia, Guatemala and Harrisonburg when our world changed. The images flash even in my sleep. The heart of America ripped. Though natural, the cry for revenge and the call for the unleashing of the first war of this century, prolonged or not, seems more connected to social and psychological processes of finding a way to release deep emotional anguish, a sense of powerlessness, and our collective loss than it does as a plan of action seeking to redress the injustice, promote change and prevent it from ever happening again. I am stuck from airport to airport as I write this, the reality of a global system that has suspended even the most basic trust. My Duracell batteries and finger nail clippers were taken from me today and it gave me pause for thought. I had a lot of pauses in the last few days. Life has not been the same. I share these thoughts as an initial reaction recognizing that it is always easy to take pot-shots at our leaders from the sidelines, and to have the insights they are missing when we are not in the middle of very difficult decisions. On the other hand, having worked for nearly 20 years as a mediator and proponent of nonviolent change in situations around the globe where cycles of deep violence seem hell-bent on perpetuating themselves, and having interacted with people and movements who at the core of their identity find ways of justifying their part in the cycle, I feel responsible to try to bring ideas to the search for solutions. With this in mind I should like to pen several observations about what I have learned from my experiences and what they might suggest about the current situation. I believe this starts by naming several key challenges and then asking what is the nature of a creative response that takes these seriously in the pursuit of genuine, durable, and peaceful change.

scholarly journals Новый фрагмент санскритской Саддхармапундарика-сутры из Хотана

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-628
Author(s):  
Artem V. Mesheznikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tarim Basin ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lotus Sutra ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Call Number ◽  
Made In

Introduction. The collection of Sanskrit manuscripts of the Lotus Sutra is a richest one in the Serindian Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (RAS, 27 call numbers). Most of the fragments of the Sanskrit Lotus Sutra from the Serindian Collection belong to the Central Asian edition, including the famous Kashgar manuscript by N. F. Petrovsky that is the most extensive version of the Sutra (about 400 folios) and the core of the Sanskrit manuscripts containing the text of ‘Saddharmapuṇḍarīka’. Most of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the Lotus Sutra in the Serindian Collection were compiled in the southern oases of the Tarim Basin and made in poṭhī format. The texts of these manuscripts were written in Southern Turkestan Brāhmī in black ink on paper. According to paleographic data, these manuscripts can be dated to the 8th–9th centuries AD. Goals. The article seeks to introduce into academic circulation a new fragment of the Sanskrit Lotus Sutra from the Serindian Collection of the IOM (RAS). The new unpublished fragment of the Lotus Sutra stored under call number SI 6584 has been identified relatively recently. It is an excerpt from Chapter XVIII of the Lotus Sutra (‘The Chapter Describing the Religious Merit [Obtained through] Joyful Participation [in Dharma]’, ‘Anumodanāpuṇyanirdeśaparivartaḥ’). According to paleographic and codicological characteristics, the new fragment is very close to another previously published manuscript of the Lotus Sutra stored in the Serindian Collection under call number SI 1934. The article describes the external features of both manuscripts (SI 1934 and SI 6584), transliterates, translates and compares fragment SI 6584 to the other well-known texts of the Lotus Sutra. The paper also contains a facsimile reproduction of fragment SI 6584. Conclusions. As compared to other texts of the Lotus Sutra, fragment SI 6584 belongs to the Central Asian edition of ‘Saddharmapuṇḍarīka’, and its text is almost identical to that of the Kashgar manuscript by N. F. Petrovsky (fol. 335b–337a).

scholarly journals Grammaticalization of syntactic conflict resolution: Asymmetric constructions

2013 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
I.M. Boguslavskij
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Principal Property ◽  
The One

We consider Russian coordinative constructions with paired conjunctions, such as i?i ?both?and?, ili?ili ?either?or?, ni?ni ?neither?nor?, ne tol'ko?no i ?not only?but also?, ne?a ?not?but?, etc. The paper presents a class of syntactic constructions, so-called asymmetric constructions, which are interesting in several respects. They are closely related to coordinative constructions, although they do not share their principal property - the identity of syntactic functions of coordinated elements. They take up an intermediate position between standard syntax and ungrammaticality. On the one hand, the sentence is within the grammatical norm. On the other hand, its structure underwent a deformation that left a trace. We propose a description that accounts for their closeness to and difference from standard - symmetric - constructions. Symmetric constructions with paired conjunctions are convenient to describe as a result of two transformations occurring in the semantic structure: Deletion and Transfer. Asymmetric constructions are obtained when only one of these transformations is applied. Accordingly, two subclasses of asymmetric constructions can be distinguished - ?Deletion-Without-Transfer? constructions and ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions. The latter class has a strong pragmatic marking. The core of this class are ?failed? symmetric constructions. The speaker begins to build a symmetric construction but faces an obstacle of syntactic nature, which prevents him from completing this plan. ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions constitute a legalized way of overcoming syntactic conflicts.

scholarly journals Representation of an Unrecognized State under International Law – Example of the Republic of Artsakh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Stefania Kolarz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Republic

Since the late 80s, the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh, a region situated within the internationally recognised borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, have been struggling for creating their own state – the Republic of Artsakh. The fact that this self-proclaimed entity was not recognised by any of the international actors has not prevented it from constantly committing to intervene on the international plane, separately from Yerevan and Baku. For instance, it is the co-signatory of the Bishkek Protocol. On the other hand, it was refused participation in the core undertaking of the international community designed to settle the dispute – the OSCE Minsk process. The aforementioned situation raises the question as to who shall act as a legal representative of this quasi-state on the international plane? Azerbaijan, as the official centre of authority within the region, Armenia, or rather the separatist government of Nagorno-Karabakh?

scholarly journals FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF PERASAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DENGAN GELLING AGENT POLIVINIL ALKOHOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ivan Santoso ◽  
Tria Prayoga ◽  
Ika Agustina ◽  
Wiwit Setya Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Made In

Aloe vera (Aloe Vera L.) is a plant which commonly used by local people as moisturizer. The usage of aloe vera can be applied in form of peeled off gel mask with polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent. The goal of this research is to determine the influence of increase of polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent to the formulation of peeled off mask from aloe vera juice. The formulation was made in a few concentration, 10%, 12%, and 14% by adding 0,5% of aloe vera juice. After that, the formulation evaluated for 4 weeks about the organoleptics, homogenity, pH, drying time and viscosity. The date of pH test and drying time analyzed by using one way ANOVA statistically and then followed by Tukey HSD test and the viscosity analyzed by using Kruskall Wallis statistically which result in the significantcy less than 0,05 that mean there are difference in drying time and viscosity, on the other hand there is no difference in pH.

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