Explaining trans-phase potential differences with membrane theory, association-induction hypothesis and murburn concept

The characteristics of the experimentally measured trans-membrane potential (TMP) generated across an artificial membrane intervening two KCl solutions were found to be explicable using simple principles of electrochemistry, as given within the context of Association Induction Hypothesis (AIH). AIH suggests that the heterogeneous ion distribution which is caused by the adsorption of a mobile ion onto an immobile phase (bearing charge opposite to that of the mobile ion) is responsible for the TMP generation. Therefore, this work proposes AIH could be an important foundation for explaining the origin of TMP. Our experimental observation of nonzero TMP across an electrically charged non-biological/synthetic membrane is found to be intriguing, as such outcomes are classically associated to ion-pumping activities of membrane proteins in a living matter. Another experimental observation of nonzero potential across a neutral membrane is even more intriguing. Such a potential behavior is more in harmony with murburn concept, a new proposal for explaining redox metabolic and physiological phenomena.

Avoidable Paths in Graphs

We prove a recent conjecture of Beisegel et al. that for every positive integer $k$, every graph containing an induced $P_k$ also contains an avoidable $P_k$. Avoidability generalises the notion of simpliciality best known in the context of chordal graphs. The conjecture was only established for $k \in \{1,2\}$ (Ohtsuki et al. 1976, and Beisegel et al. 2019, respectively). Our result also implies a result of Chvátal et al. 2002, which assumed cycle restrictions. We provide a constructive and elementary proof, relying on a single trick regarding the induction hypothesis. In the line of previous works, we discuss conditions for multiple avoidable paths to exist.

An efficient solving method for nonlinear convection diffusion equation

Purpose This paper aims to provide a well-behaved nonlinear scheme and accelerating iteration for the nonlinear convection diffusion equation with fundamental properties illustrated. Design/methodology/approach A nonlinear finite difference scheme is studied with fully implicit (FI) discretization used to acquire accurate simulation. A Picard–Newton (PN) iteration with a quadratic convergent ratio is designed to realize fast solution. Theoretical analysis is performed using the discrete function analysis technique. By adopting a novel induction hypothesis reasoning technique, the L∞ (H1) convergence of the scheme is proved despite the difficulty because of the combination of conservative diffusion and convection operator. Other properties are established consequently. Furthermore, the algorithm is extended from first-order temporal accuracy to second-order temporal accuracy. Findings Theoretical analysis shows that each of the two FI schemes is stable, its solution exists uniquely and has second-order spatial and first/second-order temporal accuracy. The corresponding PN iteration has the same order of accuracy and quadratic convergent speed. Numerical tests verify the conclusions and demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms. Remarkable acceleration is gained. Practical implications The numerical method provides theoretical and technical support to accelerate resolving convection diffusion, non-equilibrium radiation diffusion and radiation transport problems. Originality/value The FI schemes and iterations for the convection diffusion problem are proposed with their properties rigorously analyzed. The induction hypothesis reasoning method here differs with those for linearization schemes and is applicable to other nonlinear problems.

Effect of macromolecular crowding on the kinetics of glycolytic enzymes and the behaviour of glycolysis in yeast

The kinetics of enzymes in crowded environments are described better by the Association Induction hypothesis compared to traditional steady-state kinetics.

Two-Wave Dyadic Analysis of Marital Quality and Loneliness in Later Life: Results From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

This study examines dyadic reports of marital quality and loneliness over a two-year period among 932 older married couples resident in Ireland. Data from the first two waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (2009–2013) were analyzed to determine whether husbands’ and wives’ marital quality and loneliness at baseline predicted both spouses’ loneliness 2 years later. Two-wave lagged models tested the cognitive perspective on loneliness, the induction hypothesis, and actor–partner interdependence. Results indicated that perceptions of negative marital quality at baseline were related with greater loneliness 2 years later, supporting the cognitive perspective. Further, both spouses’ reports of loneliness at baseline were related with loneliness 2 years later, supporting the induction hypothesis. Partners’ reports of marital quality were not related with future loneliness, failing to support actor–partner interdependence. I discuss the implications of these findings for theory, practice, and future research concerning intimate relationships and loneliness in later life.

Electrical induction hypothesis to explain enhancer-promoter communication

The steps of the DNA replication process remains to be clarified. Transcription factors are supposed to find their specific binding-sequence driven by epigenetic modifications and GpC islands. But then how can the replication machinery be able to find the promoters of exactly the genes that the cell needs to transcribe in that moment? Here we hypothesize a role of DNA conductance and electrical induction to give an explanation to this unsolved problem. Our hypothesis goes in accordance with the fact that many authors identified 3D loops in the genomes.

Electrical induction hypothesis to explain enhancer-promoter communication

The steps of the DNA replication process remains to be clarified. Transcription factors are supposed to find their specific binding-sequence driven by epigenetic modifications and GpC islands. But then how can the replication machinery be able to find the promoters of exactly the genes that the cell needs to transcribe in that moment? Here we hypothesize a role of DNA conductance and electrical induction to give an explanation to this unsolved problem. Our hypothesis goes in accordance with the fact that many authors identified 3D loops in the genomes.

Reducibility and Solvability of Some Classes of Kryuchkov Binary Tree Pairs

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing classes of pairs of binary trees of equal size for which a signed reassociation sequence, in the Eliahou-Kryuchkov sense, can be shown to exist, either with a size induction hypothesis (reducible pairs), or without it (solvable pairs). A few concepts proposed by Cooper, Rowland and Zeilberger, in the context of a language-theoretic approach to the problem, are here reformulated in terms of signed reassociation sequences, and some of their results are recasted and proven in this framework. A few strategies, tactics and combinations thereof for signed reassociation are introduced, which prove useful to extend the results obtained by the aforementioned authors to new classes of binary tree pairs. In particular, with reference to path trees, i.e. binary trees that have a leaf at every level, we show the reducibility of pairs where (at least) one of the two path trees has a triplication at the first turn below the top level, and we characterize a class of weakly mutually crooked path tree pairs that are neither reducible nor solvable by any previously known result, but prove solvable by appropriate reassociation strategies. This class also includes a subclass of mutually crooked path tree pairs. A summary evaluation of the achieved results, followed by an outline of open questions and future research directions conclude the paper.