scholarly journals Rated Power Determination for Autonomous Micro Combined Heat and Power and Rechargeable Battery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
A. Fedotov ◽  
G. Vagapov ◽  
L. Grackova ◽  
R. Abdullazyanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Key Issues

AbstractAn autonomous micro combined heat and power (Micro-CHP) is usually installed to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy costs in areas remote from large power systems. The main goal of autonomous Micro-CHP is to provide residential and industrial areas with electricity and heat. By designing an autonomous Micro-CHP, one of the key issues is the determination of rated power, since the energy efficiency of equipment and the costs of fossil fuels depend on the rated power. The mathematical model can better calculate the necessary rated power for an autonomous Micro-CHP in the case of operation with rechargeable batteries. Overall, the results have shown that the engine characteristics, operation process of three-phase synchronous generator and statistical information on loads are the criteria for improving energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Potential and Impacts of Cogeneration in Tropical Climate Countries: Ecuador as a Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5254
Author(s):  
Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego ◽  
Juan L. Espinoza ◽  
José Jara-Alvear ◽  
Pablo Arias-Reyes ◽  
Fernando Maldonado-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Tropical Climates

High dependency on fossil fuels, low energy efficiency, poor diversification of energy sources, and a low rate of access to electricity are challenges that need to be solved in many developing countries to make their energy systems more sustainable. Cogeneration has been identified as a key strategy for increasing energy generation capacity, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improving energy efficiency in industry, one of the most energy-demanding sectors worldwide. However, more studies are necessary to define approaches for implementing cogeneration, particularly in countries with tropical climates (such as Ecuador). In Ecuador, the National Plan of Energy Efficiency includes cogeneration as one of the four routes for making energy use more sustainable in the industrial sector. The objective of this paper is two-fold: (1) to identify the potential of cogeneration in the Ecuadorian industry, and (2) to show the positive impacts of cogeneration on power generation capacity, GHG emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and the economy of the country. The study uses methodologies from works in specific types of industrial processes and puts them together to evaluate the potential and analyze the impacts of cogeneration at national level. The potential of cogeneration in Ecuador is ~600 MWel, which is 12% of Ecuador’s electricity generation capacity. This potential could save ~18.6 × 106 L/month of oil-derived fuels, avoiding up to 576,800 tCO2/year, and creating around 2600 direct jobs. Cogeneration could increase energy efficiency in the Ecuadorian industry by up to 40%.

scholarly journals Analysis of energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Madalina Ghilvacs ◽  
Razvan Carlanescu ◽  
Maria Paraschiv ◽  
Malina Prisecaru
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Calorific Power

In a world where the energy demand is increasing daily, energy efficiency and renewable energy play a major role. Our research comes to help fighting the biggest problem that our world is facing today, global warming. This study aims to evaluate the energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa in order to reduce fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency. Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a cruciferous oilseed plant belonging to the Brassicaceae (mustard) family with the common name false flax and gold of pleasure. Since camelina can grow under different conditions without being a competitor of food land, this energetic plant can be used for production of both, firstand second-generation biofuels. In our study we determined the elemental analysis of the subproducts obtained from camelina sativa, through experimental tests, and we built a mathematical model to determine the calorific power and to simulate the burning of the biofuels into a steam generator in order to analyse the energy potential. The results show us that the biofuels obtained from camelina sativa can represent an alternative to fossil fuels and should be considered in the transition to green energy.

scholarly journals MARKET AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN COGENERATION AND COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Jan Slad ◽  
Andreas Pickard ◽  
Frank Strobelt
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

The transition of energy mix in Europe is placing greater focus on energy efficiency. Lawmakers in some of EU countries have already recognized that combined heat and power generation (cogeneration, CHP) can help increase energy efficiency. Targeted promotion and subsidization have raised the cost-effective profitability of cogeneration plants significantly. But how can the economic value of this investment be maximized?

Rail Transportation Energy Efficiency-Oriented Technologies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Rail transportation is playing a very important role in the effort to keep the world’s expanding major cities safe and mobile. Travel by rail can move people and cargo with higher levels of energy efficiency, greater safety, lower cost and greater reliability than any other mode of transportation. On average, trips by train can generate between one third and one fifth of the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the equivalent automobile or airplane travel. Environmental awareness plus reduced operating costs are primary considerations in decision making for new transit programs around the globe. Energy consumption is a major part of rail operation costs and has been at the focus of rail systems sustainability initiatives. The majority of energy consumed by metropolitan and urban rail systems is used to move the trains. In recent years, energy saving technologies for rail vehicle power systems have been implemented on many rail systems worldwide. Improving railway energy efficiency results in not only a reduction in energy consumption and cost, but also a reduction in pollution due to power generation. In an effort to promote environmental quality and energy efficiency, energy usage in rail systems is analyzed to identify new technologies, developments, and procedures for increased efficiency. This paper provides an overview of the various strategies and solutions used to increase energy efficiency in rail systems and highlights the key technologies needed for their implementation.

scholarly journals Center for Agro Based Industry Promotes Green Industry Policy by Providing Technical Services Related with ISO 50001:2011

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Enggar Kusuma Dewi Pamungkas ◽  
Yuniarti . ◽  
Sardjono .
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
Industry Center ◽  
Technical Services

<p>Energy, specifically that use fossil fuels, has play a massive roles in the industry. Therefore, the sustainability of energy will determine the success of the national industry development in the future. ISO 50001:2011 provides organization with management strategies to increase energy efficiency, improve energy performance using a systematic approach and thus reduce costs. This standard is an effective guideline for organization to identify and achieve continual improvements on energy management systems. As a technical institution attached to Ministry of Industry, Center for Agro Based Industry (CABI) takes an important roles to provide technical services regarding implementation of ISO 50001:2011 in industry. CABI has started the initiate stages by preparing certified personnel and thus improving their skill. Nevertheless, CABI has some difficulties regarding lack of cooperation with related parties which is affecting the experiences from those personnel and the preparation stages for providing technical services to industry. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: energy management; energy efficiency in industry; sustainability; standard ISO 50001:2011</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Inertia Characteristics of Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator in Micro-Grid

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Yongbin Wu ◽  
Liansong Xiong ◽  
Chengyong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Inertia Control

Micro-grid has received extensive attention as an effective way to absorb new energy. Compared to large power systems, the micro-grid system consisting of power electronics is relatively weak due to the lack of support for synchronous machines. In this paper, the direct-drive wind turbine (WT) is connected to the low-inertia micro-grid as the research background. Based on the virtual inertia control of the WT, the inertia source and the physical mechanism of the WT connected to the micro-grid system are studied. The inertia characteristics of the rotor of the WT on the electromechanical time-scale, the DC side capacitor on the DC voltage time-scale, and the simulated grid under the droop control are analyzed. The research results show that under the control of the system, the inertia of the system is derived from the WT, DC capacitor, and the micro-grid simulated by droop control converter. The equivalent inertia of each link is determined by the control parameters, steady-state operating point, and structural parameters. The resulting inertia characteristics will have frequency domain characteristics under control. Finally, the correctness of the system inertia analysis conclusion is verified by simulation and experiment.

scholarly journals The market value of energy efficiency in buildings and the mode of tenure

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 3218-3238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin A Kholodilin ◽  
Andreas Mense ◽  
Claus Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
House Price ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
Implicit Prices

Concerns about global warming and growing scarcity of fossil fuels require substantial changes in energy consumption patterns and energy systems, as targeted by many countries around the world. One key element to achieve such transformation is to increase energy efficiency of the housing stock. In this context, it is frequently argued that private investments are too low in the light of the potential energy cost savings. However, heterogeneous incentives to invest in energy efficiency, especially for owner-occupants and landlords, may serve as one explanation. This is particularly important for countries with a large rental sector, like Germany. Nevertheless, previous literature largely focuses on the payoffs owner-occupants receive, leaving out the rental market. This paper addresses this gap by comparing the capitalisation of energy efficiency in selling prices and rents, for both types of residences. For this purpose data from the Berlin housing market are analysed using hedonic regressions. The estimations reveal that energy efficiency is well capitalised in apartment prices and rents. The comparison of implicit prices and the net present value of energy cost savings/rents reveals that investors anticipate future energy and house price movements reasonably. However, in the rental segment, the value of future energy cost savings exceeds tenants’ implicit willingness to pay by a factor of 2.5. This can either be interpreted as a result of market power of tenants, uncertainty in the rental relationship or the ‘landlord–tenant dilemma’.

scholarly journals Dynamic Stability Enhancement Through the Application of Stabilizers of Electromechanical Oscillations

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Franki ◽  
Alfredo Višković ◽  
Vladimir Valentić
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Electromechanical Oscillations ◽  
Generator Model ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Enhancement

Power system dynamic stability is one of key issues system engineers face. Oscillations that regularly occur in the system, limit the transmission capability of the network. The need to study the stability of power systems has been increasingly growing along with the development of power systems and their grouping into large interconnections. The focus of this paper is determining the dynamic stability of a synchronous generator, and thus the power system, by applying the general theory of stability of dynamic systems. Furthermore, the procedure for the initial adjustment of the parameters of a conventional (IEEE3 type PSS1A) stabilizer of electromechanical oscillations is briefly described based on the frequency response analysis of a linear generator model also known as the Heffron-Phillips generator model.

scholarly journals Coordinated Excitation and Static Var Compensator Control with Delayed Feedback Measurements in SGIB Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2181
Author(s):  
Haris E. Psillakis ◽  
Antonio T. Alexandridis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Static Var Compensator ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Measurement Feedback ◽  
Approach Zero

In this paper, we present a nonlinear coordinated excitation and static var compensator (SVC) control for regulating the output voltage and improving the transient stability of a synchronous generator infinite bus (SGIB) power system. In the first stage, advanced nonlinear methods are applied to regulate the SVC susceptance in a manner that can potentially improve the overall transient performance and stability. However, as distant from the generator measurements are needed, time delays are expected in the control loop. This fact substantially complicates the whole design. Therefore, a novel design is proposed that uses backstepping methodologies and feedback linearization techniques suitably modified to take into account the delayed measurement feedback laws in order to implement both the excitation voltage and the SVC compensator input. A detailed and rigorous Lyapunov stability analysis reveals that if the time delays do not exceed some specific limits, then all closed-loop signals remain bounded and the frequency deviations are effectively regulated to approach zero. Applying this control scheme, output voltage changes occur after the large power angle deviations have been eliminated. The scheme is thus completed, in a second stage, by a soft-switching mechanism employed on a classical proportional integral (PI) PI voltage controller acting on the excitation loop when the frequency deviations tend to zero in order to smoothly recover the output voltage level at its nominal value. Detailed simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.

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