scholarly journals Do Male and Female Plants Display Different Haplotype Patterns in the Moss Drepanocladus Trifarius (Bryophyta, Amblystegiaceae)?

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hedenäs ◽  
Irene Bisang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Haplotype Variation ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

Abstract The moss Drepanocladus trifarius (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Broth. ex Paris was used as a model species for a first evaluation of whether male and female haplotype patterns based on a combination of the nuclear molecular markers ITS and gpd, and the chloroplast rpl16 are congruent or not. In 23 female and 23 male shoots from specimens sampled in Northern and Central Europe, sex was determined either by the presence of sexual branches or by a recently developed molecular marker. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that a small (6%) and almost significant (p = 0.066) fraction of the variation within the data is due to differences between the genders and that the haplotype diversity is higher among females than among males. No significant differences in haplotype variation were found among geographical regions. The near significant differences between females and males, despite low variation in ITS and rpl16, in this first study ever of potential differences in haplotype variation between genders of dioecious mosses suggests that further investigations of more specimens and more variable molecular markers should be performed. Such studies could potentially reveal patterns of relevance to understanding, for example, immigration routes and to pin-point refugial areas of different significance to the respective genders.

Analysis of molecular variance and population structure in southern Indian finger millet genotypes using three different molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Host Antony David Rajendran ◽  
Ramakrishnan Muthusamy ◽  
Antony Caesar Stanislaus ◽  
Thirugnanasambantham Krishnaraj ◽  
Sivasankaran Kuppusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance

Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Dong Xie ◽  
Qiang-Ming Xia ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Xiao-Meng Wu ◽  
Zong-Zhou Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Female Gamete ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

Genetic variation of populations of Pinus oocarpa revealed by resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP)

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Díaz ◽  
E Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Resistance Gene Analog ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa

Primers based on conserved motifs of plant resistance genes were used to generate multilocus molecular markers — referred to as resistance gene analog polymorphisms (RGAPs) — in Pinus oocarpa subsp. oocarpa. Ten populations from three regions of Nicaragua were analyzed with 53 RGAPs. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of within- and between-population diversity with this kind of marker, and to compare estimates with previously obtained results based on RAPD and AFLP. All populations showed high levels of diversity. GST values and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed most variation to be within populations, although significant differences between populations and regions were also detected. This pattern of genetic diversity was similar to that obtained for RAPD and AFLP, which suggests that variation at RGAP loci as detected in this work is mostly influence by non-selective forces.Key words: resistance gene analogs, molecular markers, genetic diversity, population structure, Pinus oocarpa.

scholarly journals The Sex Determination Cascade in the Silkworm

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Dehong Yang ◽  
Yongping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Working Mechanisms

In insects, sex determination pathways involve three levels of master regulators: primary signals, which determine the sex; executors, which control sex-specific differentiation of tissues and organs; and transducers, which link the primary signals to the executors. The primary signals differ widely among insect species. In Diptera alone, several unrelated primary sex determiners have been identified. However, the doublesex (dsx) gene is highly conserved as the executor component across multiple insect orders. The transducer level shows an intermediate level of conservation. In many, but not all examined insects, a key transducer role is performed by transformer (tra), which controls sex-specific splicing of dsx. In Lepidoptera, studies of sex determination have focused on the lepidopteran model species Bombyx mori (the silkworm). In B. mori, the primary signal of sex determination cascade starts from Fem, a female-specific PIWI-interacting RNA, and its targeting gene Masc, which is apparently specific to and conserved among Lepidoptera. Tra has not been found in Lepidoptera. Instead, the B. mori PSI protein binds directly to dsx pre-mRNA and regulates its alternative splicing to produce male- and female-specific transcripts. Despite this basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination, the links among the primary signals, transducers and executors remain largely unknown in Lepidoptera. In this review, we focus on the latest findings regarding the functions and working mechanisms of genes involved in feminization and masculinization in Lepidoptera and discuss directions for future research of sex determination in the silkworm.

Three strains of Wolbachia pipientis and high rates of infection in Iranian sandfly species

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bordbar ◽  
S. Soleimani ◽  
F. Fardid ◽  
M.R. Zolfaghari ◽  
P. Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Surface Protein Gene ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

AbstractIndividual wild-caught sandflies from Iran were examined for infections of Wolbachia pipientis by targeting the major surface protein gene wsp of this intracellular α-proteobacterium. In total, 638 male and female sandflies were screened, of which 241 were found to be positive for one of three wsp haplotypes. Regardless of geographical origins and habitats, Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi and other sandfly species were found to be infected with one common, widespread strain of A-group W. pipientis (Turk 54, GenBank accession EU780683; AY288297). In addition, a new A-group haplotype (Turk07, GenBank accession KC576916) was isolated from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) mongolensis and Phlebotomus (Pa.) caucasicus, and a new B-group haplotype (AZ2331, GenBank accession JX488735) was isolated from Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi. Therefore, Wolbachia was found to occur in at least three of the incriminated vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical regions of Iran. It may provide a new tool for the future control of leishmaniasis.

Polymorphism of the СоІІ gene of honey bees in the western regions of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Cherevatov ◽  
Nadiia Roshka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Coii Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Due to active human intervention in natural genetic and population processes, survival and distribution areas of honey bees have been negatively affected. Preservation of the gene pool of aboriginal bees that are well adapted to local environmental conditions is an urgent problem that cannot be solved without the use of molecular methods to monitor the genetic composition of local populations. This type of research requires the use of state-of-the-art approaches based on application of molecular markers. In the molecular taxonomy of insects, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase genes are widely used to identify closely related forms. The peculiarity of mtDNA is that it is maternally inherited, and the mitochondrial molecular markers are not separated by recombination. The СоІІ gene encoding the second subunit of cytochrome oxidase is widely used to descriminate the subspecies of honey bee. Therefore, to assess the distribution of different subspecies / breeds of Apis mellifera in Ukraine, the 5′-region of the СоІІ gene was sequenced and compared for bees from different geographical regions. In the CoII gene, base substitutions were found, which makes it possible to distinguish between honey bees of the Carpathian and Ukrainian steppe breeds, which are widespread in Ukraine. It has been revealed that the distribution of these breeds does not always correspond to the official zoning. The widespread practice in Ukraine of transporting the genetic material of Apis mellifera from different regions leads to uncontrolled hybridization and poses a threat to the preservation of aboriginal breeds of honey bees.

Molecular marker analysis of F1 progenies and their parents for carotenoids inheritance in African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 3999-4007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Njoku, ◽  
V. E Gracen, ◽  
S. K. Offei, ◽  
I. K. Asante, ◽  
E. Y. Danquah, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis
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