Large-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus polyhyllus Lind.) and Early Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as Green Manure Grops

Trials with large-leaved lupine (‘Lupi’) and early red clover (‘Jõgeva 433’) as green manure were carried out to study their suitability for green manure production. The trials were carried out on the trial fields of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2008-2010. Biomass production abilities of various plants grown with or without a cover crop were examined. In the experiment, different green manure crops with undersowing and pure sowing were compared for amounts of N, C, P, K and organic matter driven into soil and their effect on cereal yield. The value of these green manure crops as manure was estimated, based on their effect on the succeeding cereal yield. From green manure plants, sown with cover crops, red clover gave the best results, while large-leaved lupine was better grown as pure crop (18% more biomass than red clover in similar situation). Biomass from large-leaved lupine, grown without cover crop, was also the most efficient in returning nutrients into the soil. Pure green manure had bigger effect and it lasted longer if grown as undersowing.

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Green manure as a nutrient source for succeeding crops

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/22/2012-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

L. Talgre ◽

E. Lauringson ◽

H. Roostalu ◽

A. Astover ◽

A. Makke

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Red Clover ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Fixed Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Source ◽

Grain Yields ◽

The Third ◽

Green Manure Crops

The trials were carried out in the Estonian University of Life Sciences (58°23'N, 26°44'E), and studied to what extent green manure crops bind nutrients and the effect and stability of biologically fixed nitrogen (N). Our research covered more species than most of the earlier studies in the Nordic countries. Compared with biomass from unfertilized barley, legume undersowing, straws plus roots added up to 4 times more N, 2.8 times more phosphorus (P) and 2.5 times more potassium (K) returning to the soil. Red clover, hybrid lucerne and white melilot as pure sows produced the highest biomass, amounts of N, P, and K being up to 206, 24 and 144 kg/ha, respectively. The effect of additional N in soil was measured by weighing successive grain yields. In the first test year, 1 kg of N from green manure had the effect of producing 8.6 kg grain and this relation did not change even for higher N amounts. Green manure had a significant effect even in the third year after the green manure was ploughed into soil.  

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Selected Legumes Used As Summer Cover Crops

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in483-2003 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2003 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Jim Rich ◽

David Wright ◽

Jim Marois ◽

Dick Sprenkel

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cooperative Extension Service ◽

Extension Service ◽

Publication Date ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pest Suppression ◽

Green Manure Crops

Cover crops are generally planted after a primary (cash) crop for one or more of the following reasons: erosion control, organic matter accumulation, improved soil tilth, pest suppression (weed, disease, nematode, and insect), and nitrogen production. Optimally, a cover crop will provide a wide range of most or all of the previously mentioned benefits, even if the main reason for planting it was more specific. The eight cover/green manure crops described herein have been shown to provide several benefits to a succeeding crop. This document is ENY-688 (IN483), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Publication Date: August 2003.

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Legume cover crops with winter cereals in southern Manitoba: Fertilizer replacement values for oat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-114 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 645-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. R. Thiessen Martens ◽

M. H. Entz ◽

J. W. Hoeppner

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Red Clover ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Crop Field ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

Yield benefits of legume cover crops in winter/spring cereal systems have not been well documented in the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fertilizer replacement values (FRV) of relay-cropped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and double-cropped chickling vetch (Lathryus sativus L.) and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) to a subsequent oat (Avena sativa L.) crop. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba on a clay soil at Winnipeg and a sandy loam at Carman. Alfalfa provided the highest FRV at Winnipeg (51–62 kg N ha-1), followed by chickling vetch (29–43 kg N ha-1), lentil (23–39 kg N ha-1), and red clover (24–26 kg N ha-1). FRV could not be established at Carman, where course-textured soil and low rainfall limited legume growth. Key words: Relay cropping, double cropping, cover crops

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Morphological features of young red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants depending on habitat cultivation (agrotechnic) factors

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1995.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 5-16

Author(s):

Tadeusz Zając ◽

Józef Bieniek ◽

Robert Witkowicz ◽

Wojciech Jagusik

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Red Clover ◽

Dry Weight ◽

High Variability ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Single Plant ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Very High

In experiments located in Prusy (Kraków voivodship) at Wierzbica (Katowice voivodship) at the end of vegetative growth in the fall 6 empiricaly determined features characterizing young red clever plants grown in pure stand and undersown in spring barley were analysed. These were following features refering to a single plant: fresh and dry weight, the length of tops and roots, diameter of the root crown and number of shoots. Based on these features 4 indirect indicators were constructed. In 1993-1994 total of 420 plants were analysed. For direct and indirect indicators means and standard deviations were callculated taking into account the influence of given year, location and method of sowing. Least squares and phenotypic correlations between investigated features were also evaluated. In 1994 average values for analysed plant features of red clever were higher than in 1993. The effect of location (of the experiment) was not visible. Better plants were formed when red clever was undersown in spring barley than when grown in pure stand (without the cover crop). Alls features measured directly showed very high variability between these features were observed. Correlation between the fresh and dry weight need to be emphasized. Also interactions between years and method of sowing, and between location and method of sowing turned out to be significant.

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Extreme Grain-Based Cropping Systems: When Herbicide-Free Weed Management Meets Conservation Tillage in Northern Climates

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-12-00074.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 204-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Anne Légère ◽

Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽

Anne Vanasse ◽

Robert H. Gulden

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Green Manure ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Red Clover ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Low Input ◽

No Till ◽

Green Manure Crops

The challenges associated with the adoption of conservation tillage and/or low-input cropping systems, whether organic or herbicide-free, across Canada are shaped by scale, environment, and local practices. A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation. Each mature tillage system came with its own weed problems, but this did not affect crops such as barley and red clover, which produced similar yields across high and low input systems. However, some form of primary tillage was needed to achieve adequate weed control and yield in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systems. The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments. The successful combination of conservation tillage practices and low-input systems in eastern Canada would thus appear to be crop-specific, being easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops. In western Canadian organic agriculture, tillage is practiced with low-disturbance chisel plows instead of inversion plows. However, green manure crops (summer cover crops) are often terminated with tandem discs. Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination. However, the lack of tillage can result in lower crop yields in wheat following green manure terminated by roller crimping compared to tillage. Challenges for no-till organic practices include perennial weed control and soil fertility. Overall, flexible crop production programs such as the former Manitoba Pesticide Free Production program and the “Agriculture raisonnéeTM” program in Québec are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperity than rigid adherence to organic or no-till practices.

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Extending Cover Crop Benefits with Zone Till Management in Northern Organic Summer Squash Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 983

Author(s):

Peyton Ginakes ◽

Julie M. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Early Spring ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Soil Inorganic N ◽

Soil Inorganic

Winter annual legume cover crops often fail to reach full maturity by spring vegetable planting dates in northern climates, which prevents maximum nitrogen (N) contributions. To determine if delayed termination improved cover crop biomass and N content, we evaluated winter rye + hairy vetch (Secale cereale L. + Vicia villosa Roth) and oat + field pea (Avena sativa L. + Pisum sativum L.) cover crop mixtures in 2015 and 2016, and medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in 2016, in zone-tilled organic yellow crookneck squash (Cucurbita pepo var. torticollis Harz). In-row regions where cover crops were terminated in early spring during crop row preparation were compared to between-row regions where termination was delayed until legume maturation in late spring. Soil quality (soil inorganic N, permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), and potentially mineralizable N (PMN)) was also determined for in-row and between-row regions at four time points throughout the growing season. In 2015, winter rye + hairy vetch biomass N more than doubled between early and late termination times, with 120 and 258 kg N ha−1, respectively. Permanganate oxidizable C was not responsive to cover crop systems or tillage, and only slightly decreased over time in 2016. Soil inorganic N and PMN after cover crop termination in 2016 provided evidence of localized soil N cycling responses to cover crop termination in in-row and between-row regions. The extended growing period for cover crops between crop rows in the first several weeks of crop growth had no negative effect on crop yield, and appeared to enhance soil fertility.

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THE EVALUATION OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF CEREAL AND GREEN MANURE ON THE BASIS OF NUTRIENTS

Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" ◽

10.15544/rd.2017.039 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aušra ARLAUSKIENĖ ◽

Viktorija GECAITĖ ◽

Danutė JABLONSKYTĖ-RAŠČĖ

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Green Manure ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Cropping System ◽

Red Clover ◽

Research Centre ◽

Similar Amount ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

Research was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry’s (LAMMC) Joniškėlis Experimental Station on a clay loam Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol. The study was aimed to explore the aboveground mass of perennial forage legumes: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixtures with festulolium (x Festuliolium), used as green manure, qualitative parameters and compatibility with cereals on the basis of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The deficiency of other nutrients (P, K) and intensity of green manure mineralization can lead to N absorption. It has been determined that winter wheat takes one kg of N together with 0.2 kg P and 0.6 kg K. Spring wheat requires a similar amount of P but a higher amount of K. Average winter wheat grain yield can be 4.0 t ha-1 on a clay loam Cambisol in organic cropping system. NPK content – 134 kg ha-1 is needed for such productivity (grain + straw). This content is lower for spring winter growing. P:N and K:N ratios are more favourable in perennial forage legume mixture with festulolium, as compared to legume alone. To obtain grain yields of 4 t ha-1 of winter wheat and 3 t ha-1 of spring wheat in balanced organic crop rotation it is sufficient to apply 3.0 and 2.0 t ha-1 DM of pure legume mass as green manure. “Cut-and-carry” fertilisers do not satisfy the wheat demand for P.

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