scholarly journals What is the Sustainable Level of Banks’ Credit Losses and Provisions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-258
Author(s):  
Simona Malovaná ◽  
Žaneta Tesařová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Credit Losses

Abstract In this paper, we estimate the sustainable level of lifetime expected credit losses and provisions and assess the procyclicality of banks’ credit losses and provisions in the Czech Republic. Further, we discuss the implications of the results for provisioning in stage 3 under the IFRS 9. Based on the estimation results, we can identify periods of insufficient provisioning when the actual values were below the sustainable levels. Additionally, we show that credit losses and provisions behave procyclically (i.e., decrease with a rising output gap and increase with a falling output gap) while banks recognize impaired credit losses and create provisions with a delay of three to four quarters after the output gap starts shrinking. Such a delay may result in a sharp increase in lifetime expected credit losses and provisioning in response to a deterioration in economic conditions under the IFRS 9 regime.

scholarly journals Prediction of profitability of topworking in older apple orchards under contemporary economic conditions of the Czech Republic  

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Blažek ◽  
V. Falta ◽  
R. Vávra ◽  
V. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health State ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Good Health State

: In the Czech Republic, there is still a predominance of obsolete apple orchards that were established more than 15 years ago and that are not profitable under contemporary conditions. Typical features of these orchards are low or medium tree densities, freely growing semi-standard trees or hedgerows on semi-dwarf, or sometimes also on vigorous, rootstocks. The farmers are not always in a position to completely renovate them, and therefore they are interested in their topworking. The present paper studied the effectiveness of this measure under the current economic and market conditions of this country, using 3 types of orchards with different spacings and rootstocks and 5 groups of tree densities. Four cultivars were chosen as examples of different starting statuses for the modelling of subsequent development in three time horizons and for the prediction of profitability of this treatment. The profitability is based on an increase in farmer prices for cultivars that are presently recommended for replacement of the older ones according to the recent development of these prices on the fresh market. In the case of topworking for Spartan cv., an economic return of the measure can be expected at the earliest after 8 years of running the treated orchard. The greatest increase in profit can be achieved in orchards on the rootstock M 9. Nevertheless, with the decline of tree numbers in the orchard, or with the increase in tree losses, the general economic effectiveness of topworking notably falls. In the case of trees on the rootstock MM 106, this measure can have an economic effect only if at least 80% of the trees is in a good health state and it is presumed that the orchard will be used for another 10 years at least. A list of recommended cultivars to be used for replacement of the old ones is given.

scholarly journals The economic conditions for the utilisation of the land fund in the Czech Republic after its accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 452-454
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Benefit

The important part of the increase of regional potential is the farming of the land fund. The economic conditions for its utilisation have been already prepared. They are based especially on the drawing of funds of the European Union, namely for the period after the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union and for the years 2007–2013. The measures concerning the land are included in the prepared programme documentation, especially in the Horizontal Rural Development Plan (HRDP) and in the Operational Programme “Agriculture”. The farmers will obtain the direct payment per area (SAPS) in addition to supports on foregoing measures. The requirements for environment-friendly farming of land will be increased in the future. The economic conditions for next period will concentrate on these priorities. It will concern the securing of public benefit contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. The project assurance of these trends and their regional monitoring and evaluation will be important.

scholarly journals Are Central Banks In CEE Countries Concerned About The Burden Of Public Debt?

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mackiewicz-Łyziak
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
Markov Switching Model ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Switching Model

The aim of this study is to analyze the monetary policy rules in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, with public debt as an additional explanatory variable. We estimate linear rules by the GMM estimation and non-linear rules, using the Markov-switching model. Our findings suggest that in the Czech Republic and Poland the monetary authorities respond to growing public debt by lowering interest rates, while in Hungary the opposite may be observed. Moreover, we distinguish between passive and active monetary policy regimes and find that the degree of interest rate smoothing is lower and the response of the central banks to inflation and/or output gap is stronger in an active regime. In the passive regime, the output gap seems to be statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals Is the Fiscal Policy of the Czech Republic Pro-cyclical?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1719-1728
Author(s):  
Martin Rolák ◽  
Martin Cigán
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Random Character ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Area Limit

The main goal of this paper is to analyse whether the fiscal policy of the Czech Republic is anti-cyclical. This analysis is carried out through decomposing the government’s balance into its cyclical and structural part. The first differences of the structural part are then put in relation to the output gap to determine whether the fiscal policy is pro- or anti-cyclical. Moreover, the correlation of government expenditures and revenues with the business cycle is also subject of our analysis. We also examine whether the fiscal rules which the Czech Republic would have to adhere to once it enters the euro area limit fiscal policy as a stabilizing mechanism.The paper concludes that the fiscal policy in the Czech Republic was for the most part rather of a random character than anti-cyclical during the examined period 1998–2013. This conclusion has two implications. Firstly, there is still room for improvement in fully and consistently utilizing fiscal policy to stabilise the Czech economy throughout economic cycles. Secondly, fiscal rules would not limit the Czech government to practice anti-cyclical fiscal policy if they have been implemented since 1998.

scholarly journals Regional Inequalities of Age Structure in the Light of Different Demographic Behaviour in the Czech Republic

Geografie ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Dagmar Bartoňová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Demographic Behaviour

The article deals with the influence of regionally different women's fertility on the changing age structure of Czech districts in 1990s. Long term regional differences of the age structure and their consequences are analysed as well as differences of reproductive behaviour and new demographic trends under the recently changed social and economic conditions. The changing nature of some other demographic phenomena as induced abortions or illegitimate births is also discussed. As fertility rate and abortion rate have dramatically dropped since 1992, Czech Republic can now be treated as a developed European country in this respect; the share of children born out of wedlock remains relatively low so far. The current natality trends will soon result in ageing of population in all Czech regions.

scholarly journals Borderland in regional development and the relevant research

Geografie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Milan Jeřábek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grant Agency ◽  
Transitory Function ◽  
The Given

The geographic public receives another monothematic issue dedicated this time to the Czech borderland. Specific problems, conditioned by differentiated physical-geographical and mainly social-economic conditions of the given territory, have been studied since the 1930's. The 1990's have undoubtedly brought a new impulse to its development connected both with internal processes (democratization of the society, economic transformation, etc.) and external aspects (for instance its exposed position, transitory function, European integration). The running changes have become a challenge for researchers from different geographical work places studying, up to now in a more or less isolated way, only segments of the borderland (for instance those of Ústí nad Labem are interested in the Bohemian-Saxon border). Two similarly aimed projects monitoring the part of the Czech borderland, the importance of cooperation with neighbouring countries and integration of the Czech Republic into European structures have been solved with the backing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (1998-1999) and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (1999-2000). The authors of the published papers mainly come from the work places involved in these two projects, but also other colleagues, including those from abroad, have been invited to take part. The intention of this volume is to stress the concrete problems or situations in the model borderland regions and to rise up a discussion on the problems of the borderland at present and in the future.

scholarly journals Results of agricultural enterprises economy in 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Eu

The study has been elaborated on the basis of a continuous analysis of economic results of a selected sample of agricultural enterprises operating in different climatic and productional conditions. Long-term tendencies and their influencing factors are defined on the basis of this analysis. The goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of external conditions on the economy of agricultural enterprises and on their economic results and to analyze the influence of the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU on the change of economic conditions of agricultural enterprises. On the basis of this study, the authors measures which would intensify the influence of agricultural enterprising on the rural development and which would improve the quality of life of rural inhabitants.

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