scholarly journals Determination Of Horizontal Geodetic Control Networks For Engineering Objects Using Optoelectronic Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Ćmielewski ◽  
Janusz Kuchmister ◽  
Piotr Gołuch ◽  
Izabela Wilczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Optoelectronic Method ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Horizontal Control

AbstractThe correctness of the geodetic service of an engineering object not seldom requires designing, alignment or renewing of geodetic situational control points. Building robots often cause that fixed situational control points are partly or completely inaccessible. For setting the position of these control points, there is worked out the methodology using the optoelectronic method. The prepared set of tools realizes the method’s assumptions and enables to determine the sides and control points based on the set of laser planes. In this article there is presented the innovative set of geodetic equipment for fixing horizontal control points. The presented set has been experimentally tested under laboratory conditions taking its functionality, operation range and applied accuracy into account. The measurement accuracy of the set of tools, resulting from identification of the energetic centres of laser planes’ edges, visualizing the sides of geodetic control networks, is within the range of ±0.02mm - ±0.05mm. There were also discussed exemplary versions of shapes and structures of horizontal geodetic control networks (regular and irregular), which are possible to be fixed with the use of the constructed set of tools.

scholarly journals Functionality and reliability of horizontal control net (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-677
Author(s):  
Bogdan Wolski ◽  
Grzegorz Granek
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Horizontal Control

AbstractHorizontal control networks established with monuments are functional if the conditions related to the number of control points, their density, condition and stability of coordinates are met. For functionality defined in those terms, deterministic accuracy characteristics are of little use. The subject matter discussed herein includes the two key features of geodetic control points, i.e., usability and stability. Due to the varying properties of those variables and the impact of the operating time of the system, there is no alternative to reliability-based approach in developing the functionality model. The measures of functionality and the procedures of data acquisition for developing the model of the control network destruction process have been defined. The solution presented herein is relevant for geodetic practice, providing a standard procedure for defining the time frame and the scope of the control network upgrading. The identified destruction process model optimizes this task assuming critical states expressed by the functionality probability. The applied approach is an example of the reliability theory-based approach typical for engineering. The issue of simulating the destruction process is illustrated with the results of the tests of class 3 control networks conducted in Kielce and Lodz regions in Poland. As a result of the tests, the characteristic properties of the control network destruction process have been identified. It was also shown how the patterns of usability and accuracy of the geodetic control points are relevant on the stage of implementing investment project tasks.

scholarly journals CRITERION FOR COMPARING THE VARIANCE COMPONENT ESTIMATION METHODS USED FOR ADJUSTING HORIZONTAL CONTROL NETWORKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Erol Yavuz ◽  
Orhan Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Variance Component Estimation ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Component Estimation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Horizontal Control

Determination of which stochastic model taken in hand for this study is suitable under conditions, when comparing stochastic models, used for adjusting horizontal control networks, is the aim of this study. Some well-known variance component estimation methods like Conventional, Helmert, MTNQUE, AUE, and Förstner, which have been developed to determine the stochastic model, necessary to be formed in a real way for adjusting geodetic nets, have been compared. For comparing the models mentioned above, concrete deciding criteria, using statistical tests, have been defined and the determination of which model is superior has been studied. For comparison of the models, numerical experiment using data, which belong to the part of Istanbul Metropolitan Triangulation Network (Asiatic side of Istanbul), has been performed.

Research on Control System of Large Capacity of Hollow Blow Molding Machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 885-888
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Wei Min Li ◽  
Guang Liang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Thickness Control ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
And Control

This paper elaborate the structure of parison wall thickness control system; choice hardware of the control system; study on the determination of the thickness control method and control points of parison wall; research on the formation of the parison wall thickness curve; summed up the development process of extruding plastic machine heating method on the basis of the plastic molding machinery development; analysis the various of heating methods; summed up the advantages and disadvantages of various heating methods; explore their advantages and disadvantages for providing reference.

scholarly journals High Accuracy Geodetic Control Point Measurement Using GPS Geodetic With Static Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Eko Nugroho Julianto ◽  
Ispen Safrel ◽  
Arie Taveriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Measurement Object ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
Measurement Strategies ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Horizontal Control

Abstract. The quality of the coordinates of the points in a generally horizontal control network will be influenced by many factors, such as the system equipment used for measuring / observation, the network geometry, measurement strategies / observation, as well as data processing strategy implemented. Using development of the GPS satellite system, since 1989, the network provision of horizontal control points in Indonesia generally relies on the GPS satellite observations. One way of measuring geodetic control points with high accuracy is using geodetic GPS. Measurement of geodetic control points required as a control in the execution of the work and as a correction coordinate measurement of the position of a measurement object with a high degree of accuracy (± 1 cm). How many measurement methods that can be done. This research conducted measurement using static method. Static surveys are used to determine the coordinates of the control points are relatively distant from each other as well as order accuracy requires relatively higher. The measurement results obtained coordinate data for point 1 is 6 ° 57 '31.92207 "LS; 109 ° 38 '32.25194 "BT; high (ellipsoid) 34 320 m and point 2 is 6 ° 57 '33.59086 "LS; 109 ° 38 '37.87710 "BT; high (ellipsoid) 36 235 m.

scholarly journals Influence of the Datum Definition on the Accuracy of Horizontal Geodetic Control Networks for Engineering Objects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Nedim Tuno ◽  
Admir Mulahusić ◽  
Jusuf Topoljak
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Geometrical Distribution ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Triangulation Network ◽  
Geodetic Control

For the construction of various civil engineering structures, particular care should be taken in the perspective of geodetic control. Therefore, the design and implementation of the geodetic network deserves special attention. This paper is focused on various aspects of datum definitions for tested micro-triangulation network. It was shown that the geometrical distribution of datum points in a minimally constrained solution has a great impact on the accuracy of the geodetic network. Estimates of the accuracies of individual station y-x coordinates, error circles and error ellipses, obtained by free adjustment, where the datum selection was independent of errors in fixed coordinates, revealed much better quality of control points.

Practical Realization of a Reference System for Earth Dynamics by Satellite Methods

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle ◽  
M. C. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crustal Motion ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObservations of artificial earth satellites provide a means of establishing an.origin, orientation, scale and control points for a coordinate system. Neither existing data nor future data are likely to provide significant information on the .001 angle between the axis of angular momentum and axis of rotation. Existing data have provided data to about .01 accuracy on the pole position and to possibly a meter on the origin of the system and for control points. The longitude origin is essentially arbitrary. While these accuracies permit acquisition of useful data on tides and polar motion through dynamio analyses, they are inadequate for determination of crustal motion or significant improvement in polar motion. The limitations arise from gravity, drag and radiation forces on the satellites as well as from instrument errors. Improvements in laser equipment and the launch of the dense LAGEOS satellite in an orbit high enough to suppress significant gravity and drag errors will permit determination of crustal motion and more accurate, higher frequency, polar motion. However, the reference frame for the results is likely to be an average reference frame defined by the observing stations, resulting in significant corrections to be determined for effects of changes in station configuration and data losses.

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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