The Sibyla model and development of beech forests affected by air pollution

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Špulák ◽  
Jiří Souček
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Growth Simulator ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractThe paper deals with the health status, production and structure of autochthonous beech stands in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mts. (Czech Republic). The region was affected by increased air pollution load due to long-range SO2 transmission from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. In 1980, five research plots were established in long unmanaged beech stands at an optimum stage. Tree coordinates and initial biometrical measurements were made in 1980 and repeated in 2005. The defoliation of individual trees was monitored every year (ICP Forests principles). The actual stand development is compared with the model development worked out by the Sibyla growth simulator in variants with a model of natural mortality and with entering a real mortality of trees. Differences between the stand characteristics of actual and simulated development of forest stands suggest some production losses. The reason to the losses can be seen in the long-term impact of air pollution in the first decade of monitoring and its after-effects on soil quality and worsening health condition of stands. The anticipated acceleration in the onset of the phase of stand disintegration under the influence of air pollution load was not demonstrated.

scholarly journals Health condition of spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to climatic, anthropogenic and stand factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Žid ◽  
P. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Climatic Anthropogenic ◽  
The Given ◽  
Slope Orientation ◽  
Synergetic Action

In stands with the majority of spruce and aged over 70 years, 35 sample plots were laid out (in total 700 trees) in the vicinity of Anenský vrch Hill at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. In the course of the growing season 2005, the following parameters were determined: total defoliation, defoliation of the primary structure, percentage of secondary shoots, presence and extent of yellowing and browning. In 10 selected trees, branches were taken from crowns for morphological analyses and annual length increments of branches and numbers of secondary shoots in the particular years were determined. Total defoliation and the occurrence of yellowing were related to slope orientation and position of the plot towards the ridge. The number of shoots produced in the given year correlated with the level of annual NO<sub>3</sub> deposition. The determined difference in the occurrence of yellowing between limed and unlimed plots cannot be interpreted unambiguously because limed and unlimed plots differ in exposure at the same time. The determined importance of slope orientation for the health condition of a stand shows that under the simultaneous air pollution load climatic factors are a factor deciding on the resulting effect of the synergetic action of stressors on forest stands.

scholarly journals Estimating Short- and Long-Term Associations Between Air Quality Index and COVID-19 Transmission: Evidence From 257 Chinese Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Cao ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Xiaochuan Pan ◽  
Xiaobin Jin ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Migration Index ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Impact

Objectives: To evaluate the long- and short-term effects of air pollution on COVID-19 transmission simultaneously, especially in high air pollution level countries.Methods: Quasi-Poisson regression was applied to estimate the association between exposure to air pollution and daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19, with mutual adjustment for long- and short-term air quality index (AQI). The independent effects were also estimated and compared. We further assessed the modification effect of within-city migration (WM) index to the associations.Results: We found a significant 1.61% (95%CI: 0.51%, 2.72%) and 0.35% (95%CI: 0.24%, 0.46%) increase in daily confirmed cases per 1 unit increase in long- and short-term AQI. Higher estimates were observed for long-term impact. The stratifying result showed that the association was significant when the within-city migration index was low. A 1.25% (95%CI: 0.0.04%, 2.47%) and 0.41% (95%CI: 0.30%, 0.52%) increase for long- and short-term effect respectively in low within-city migration index was observed.Conclusions: There existed positive associations between long- and short-term AQI and COVID-19 transmission, and within-city migration index modified the association. Our findings will be of strategic significance for long-run COVID-19 control.

scholarly journals  Monitoring of defoliation in forest stands of the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fabiánek ◽  
K. Hellebrandová ◽  
M. Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

&nbsp;As a part of International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effect on Forests (ICP Forests), defoliation of forest stands has been assessed in the Czech Republic since 1986. Defoliation is one of the principal parameters reflecting the health of forest stands that is assessed on monitoring plots within this programme. Monitoring plots are distributed evenly according to woodiness of the area in a regular schematic network all over the Czech Republic. Even though there has been a long-term reduction of air pollution in most European countries, forest ecosystems reflect these changes with some delay. In the Czech Republic the trend of total defoliation of coniferous and deciduous forest stands has been increasing very moderately in the last 10 years. This trend appears to be partially analogous with some neighbouring countries. Compared to the whole of Europe the trend of defoliation of broadleaves is very similar, but differences have occurred in conifers in the last 10 years. There are significant differences in defoliation levels among the particular countries; in this comparison the Czech Republic is classified as one of the worst. Differences in these levels are very evident especially among the neighbouring countries. To partly eliminate these differences, regular international calibration courses are organized. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution on the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Khosravipour ◽  
Roya Safari-Faramani ◽  
Fatemeh Rajati ◽  
Fariborz Omidi
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract This study systematically reviews the long-term impact of exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm on the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). The relevant databases were searched with appropriate keywords on February 29, 2020. A random-effects model through a generic inverse-variance method was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MI. The number of 17 cohort studies with more than 18 million participants and 800,000 cases of MI were included. A significantly higher risk of MI was observed per 1 µg/m3 increment of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (HR= 1.02,95 % CI = 1.01, 1.03). Subgroup analysis according to the study population indicates subjects with cardiovascular diseases history had a significantly greater risk of MI per 1 µg/m3 increase in PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm level (HR= 1.05,95% CI= 1.01, 1.08). Subgroup analysis according to aerodynamic diameter of PM showed only a significant stronger risk of MI per 1 µg/m3 increase in PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (HR= 1.01,95% CI= 1.00, 1.02). The pooled result confirms a significant association between the long-term exposure to PM air pollution and the developing of MI.

scholarly journals Dendroecological study of spruce growth in regions under long-term air pollution load 

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kroupová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

The purpose of this study was to analyse increment cores from spruce growing in the Ore Mountains, Jizerské Mountains, and Giant Mountains, to evaluate the relationship between tree growth, climatic factors, and air pollution load. The sites from which sample cores were extracted were localised along an altitudinal gradient. Analytical methods included single pointer year analysis and simple linear regression. An unambiguous relationship between negative pointer years and climatic extremes was detected for growth increments prior to 1977. After 1977, minimum increment values also reflected the gradient of air pollution levels. In the eastern part of the Ore Mountains, an increased sensitivity of spruce to low temperatures and temperature breaks was evident. The dominant role of temperature during the winter period was confirmed by the results of correlation analysis. From this, I have concluded (indirectly) a long-term deleterious impact of sulphur dioxide, resulting in lower frost resistance of the spruce trees. Recent increment development suggested that the stands in the Giant Mountains overcame the critical period at the end of the 1980’s, and regenerated well. By contrast, the ecological stability of the Ore Mountain forests was disturbed due to chronic stress, and the existence of the stands is threatened.

Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stack
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Contagion Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.

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