scholarly journals  Monitoring of defoliation in forest stands of the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fabiánek ◽  
K. Hellebrandová ◽  
M. Čapek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

 As a part of International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effect on Forests (ICP Forests), defoliation of forest stands has been assessed in the Czech Republic since 1986. Defoliation is one of the principal parameters reflecting the health of forest stands that is assessed on monitoring plots within this programme. Monitoring plots are distributed evenly according to woodiness of the area in a regular schematic network all over the Czech Republic. Even though there has been a long-term reduction of air pollution in most European countries, forest ecosystems reflect these changes with some delay. In the Czech Republic the trend of total defoliation of coniferous and deciduous forest stands has been increasing very moderately in the last 10 years. This trend appears to be partially analogous with some neighbouring countries. Compared to the whole of Europe the trend of defoliation of broadleaves is very similar, but differences have occurred in conifers in the last 10 years. There are significant differences in defoliation levels among the particular countries; in this comparison the Czech Republic is classified as one of the worst. Differences in these levels are very evident especially among the neighbouring countries. To partly eliminate these differences, regular international calibration courses are organized.  

scholarly journals Development of forest stands condition and its monitoring in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fabiánek ◽  
V. Henžlík ◽  
K. Vančura
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Information ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Icp Forests ◽  
Air Pollution Effects ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

In 1986, the UN ECE established the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (hereinafter ICP Forests) to respond on the growing concern about forest damage caused since the beginning of eighties by air pollution load. Pan-European grid of the (ICP Forests) monitoring plots represents one of the most important systems of forest ecosystems assessing and checking. The Czech Republic is unfortunately well known due to this problem and so the country joined ICP Forest Programme since the very beginning. The paper presents general information on Czech forest stand condition that gained through various methods in the past as well as in the frame of ICP Forests. The participation in the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) represents a contribution of the EU candidate country to the fulfillment of the Reg. (EEC) No. 3528/86. However it seems that effects and importance of air pollution are decreasing, a lot of new stress situations exists and there is a need for continuing the programme.

scholarly journals Ancient Coppice Woodlands in the Landscape of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-646
Author(s):  
Antonín Buček ◽  
Linda Černušáková ◽  
Michal Friedl ◽  
Martin Machala ◽  
Petr Maděra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic

Abstract Ancient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Acidification of forest soils in the Hrubý Jeseník region

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reininger ◽  
P. Fiala ◽  
T. Samek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Mg Content

The Hrubý Jeseník Natural Forest Region (NFR) is a border mountain territory which belongs to the areas most heavily impacted by air pollution in the Czech Republic. This paper compares results for soil properties investigated in non-limed forest stands during the years 1994 to 2007. Differences between the 2007 and 2000/01 surveys concerning Al, Ca and Mg content and pH in particular soil horizons are depicted using kriged maps. This means of interpreting laboratory analysis results allowed us to highlight the most endangered NFR areas from an acidification standpoint. Evaluation of results for Al, Ca and Mg content, their available forms and pH values in the Hrubý Jeseník NFR in the 1994–2007 period revealed the presence of an ongoing acidification process. The southern (Praděd region) and northwestern areas (Králický Sněžník region) may be singled out as the most depleted.

Long-term 137Cs activity monitoring of mushrooms in forest ecosystems of the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Skrkal ◽  
P. Rulik ◽  
K. Fantinova ◽  
J. Burianova ◽  
J. Helebrant
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
137Cs Activity ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Long-Term Residence Permit in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and the Republic of Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Markéta Bednářová ◽  
Eva Lásková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Foreign Student ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Individual

In all three Central European countries, long-term residence is defined as residence for a specific purpose of more than 90 days. The requirements for granting this type of residence are generally similar with differences in the individual types of purpose of this residence permit. The Polish Act contains a category that could be defined as ‘above-framework’, expanding the range of options that make it possible to obtain long-term residence. The Slovak legislation contains the purpose of “special activities”. In comparison with the Czech legislation, the range of possibilities for obtaining long-term residence in Slovakia is more extensive and less rigid. Specifically, in the case of long-term residence for the purpose of study, there is a fundamental difference in the legislation in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, where Slovak legislators include in the term “study” all university, secondary, and higher vocational education. The Polish Act mentions only university studies and doctoral studies. The administration related to the admission of a foreign student to a specific school in the territory is certainly more extensive and demanding in Poland, with both the minister and the voivode enter the process beyond the framework of standard state administration bodies. The arrangement of the Act reveals a fundamental difference in Poland, where the sequence and logic of the arrangement is different to the Czech or Slovak legislation, which is expressed in which institutions Poland focus greater attention and emphasis or importance. None of the countries completely leaves the issue of visas for aliens from third countries unregulated. Although the legislation is identical in many respects, there are differences between individual institutions and the periods for which a visa can be issued. However, the issue of alien law is, at first sight, very extensive and content-intensive in all the above Central European countries, as evidenced by the length of the legislation itself, the complexity of individual institutions, and specific complexity of the provisions.

scholarly journals Different types of damage in mountain forest stands of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lomský ◽  
V. Šrámek
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Health State ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spruce Stands

Forests in the Czech Republic are highly influenced by the antropogenous factors &ndash; those are particularly air pollution, pollutant deposition, soil degradation, change of the natural forest ecosystems, and also global climate changes. Significant damages due to air pollution are visible already 50 years (the Ore Mts. region). Since 1989 the sulphur emission has decreased significantly. By the end of 90ies SO<sub>2</sub> emission was reduced in nearly 90%. In the 1990&ndash;1995 period, the change of air pollution situation in mountain regions resulted into the spruce stands condition improvement, and good progress of transitory stands (birch, blue spruce, mountain pine, alder etc.). Following development was not that ideal, however. Since 1995, various symptoms of damage have been observed, caused by the complex of factors. During the winter 1995/1996, within the whole region of the Czech Republic, reddening of the last needle year class of spruce was observed in the altitude over 700 m. These symptoms were the most visible in the eastern part of the Ore Mts., where 3&ndash;4 needle year classes were affected, or even tree decay observed. An acute damage was caused by direct impact of the high SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. The average defoliation was over 60% in stands assessed. About 12,578 ha of spruce stands were damaged, 1,300 ha of them has completely died. The rest have regenerated successfully in following period. After following winter, in spring 1997, the damage of transitory birch stands was observed in all the northern mountain regions. In the Ore Mts. ridge birch did not flush at all, the leaf lost was observed in a vast area with variable intensity in altitudes over 800 m above sea level during the springtime. In total 3,400 ha of birch stands was damaged, in 1998 it was nearly 5,428 ha. Birch completely died at about 2,550 ha, in following period the damage development stagnated. Similar damage of smaller extent has been observed also in other parts of the country, in higher elevations, situated above the inversion layer during the spring months. After winter 1999, vast damage of the spruce stands, manifested in yellowing of older needle year classes, and gradual needle drying and fall, affecting the stand of all age categories, was observed in the western part of the Ore Mts. but also in other regions. Yellowing was observed on 2,000 ha in 1999, next year it was 6,500 ha, and in 2001 about 9,000 ha was damaged within the Ore Mts. A new type of damage has been observed in the&nbsp;Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. ridge caused again by the stressing factors complex after the winter 2001/2002. Nitrogen deposition seems to be one of major problem. The damage presented shows that in spite of significant lowering of air pollution load the forest stands health state in air polluted regions is not stabilized.

INTERNATIONAL GRANT COOPERATION AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Milan Chmura
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Project ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Education And Development

The education and development of university teachers have its justifcation and its importance is signifcant not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad. This study provides an analysis of further professional education of university teachers in the Czech Republic and in selected European countries. Subsequently, it presents an international project with participants from the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland, which, ultimately, plays a role in the improvement of the quality of higher education.

scholarly journals Investigator Initiated Clinical Trials (IICTs): A Systematic Search in Registries to Compare the Czech Republic and Portugal in Terms of Funding Policies and Scientific Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madeira ◽  
L. Hořavová ◽  
F. dos Santos ◽  
J. R. Batuca ◽  
K. Nebeska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objectives Clinical trials provide one of the highest levels of evidence to support medical practice. Investigator initiated clinical trials (IICTs) answer relevant questions in clinical practice that may not be addressed by industry. For the first time, two European Countries are compared in terms of IICTs, respective funders and publications, envisaging to inspire others to use similar indicators to assess clinical research outcomes. Methods A retrospective systematic search of registered IICTs from 2004 to 2017, using four clinical trials registries was carried out in two European countries with similar population, GDP, HDI and medical schools but with different governmental models to fund clinical research. Each IICT was screened for sponsors, funders, type of intervention and associated publications, once completed. Results IICTs involving the Czech Republic and Portugal were n = 439 (42% with hospitals as sponsors) and n = 328 (47% with universities as sponsors), respectively. The Czech Republic and Portuguese funding agencies supported respectively 61 and 27 IICTs. Among these, trials with medicinal products represent 52% in Czech Republic and 4% in Portugal. In the first, a higher percentage of IICTs’ publications in high impact factor journals with national investigators as authors was observed, when compared to Portugal (75% vs 15%). Conclusion The better performance in clinical research by Czech Republic might be related to the existence of specific and periodic funding for clinical research, although further data are still needed to confirm this relationship. In upcoming years, the indicators used herein might be useful to tracking clinical research outcomes in these and other European countries.

A Mistrustful Society?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Nicole Horáková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The level of trust in politicians also in government institutions is taken as an indicator of the state of society in general. Various studies have shown that the population of the Central Eastern European countries, and especially the citizens of the Czech Republic, lack trust in state institutions and democratic structures. The trust of the Czech population in government institutions is, compared to other (Western) European countries, at a relatively low level. This article aims to discuss different factors that are currently influencing this lack of trust: the historical, cultural, and institutional. The empirical data for this article is based on the European Values Study and Czech surveys of public opinion concerning trust in government institutions.

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