Aplastic anaemia in childhood. Description of two cases and review of the literature

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Maria Scalzone ◽  
Paola Coccia ◽  
Palma Maurizi ◽  
Giorgio Attinà ◽  
Lucia Liotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aplastic Anaemia ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up ◽  
Fatal Complications

AbstractChildhood aplastic anaemia (AA) is an uncommon but potentially fatal haematological disorder. Patients with AA receive supportive care based on transfusions and timely treatment of opportunistic infections, along with specific therapies, which may be bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Early diagnosis and supportive therapy are required to prevent fatal complications like overwhelming sepsis or life threatening haemorrhages. We report two cases of aplastic anaemia having a different aetiology. The diagnostic work-up and the therapeutic management for each case are described below.

scholarly journals Death of unknown cause? Post-mortem diagnosis of fulminant course of an EBV-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josia Fauser ◽  
Stefan Köck ◽  
Eberhard Gunsilius ◽  
Andreas Chott ◽  
Andreas Peer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up ◽  
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

SummaryHLH is a life-threatening disease, which is characterized by a dysregulated immune response with uncontrolled T cell and macrophage activation. The often fulminant course of the disease needs a fast diagnostic work-up to initiate as soon as possible the appropriate therapy. We present herein the case of a 71-year-old patient with rapidly progressive hyperinflammatory syndrome, which post mortem resulted in the diagnosis of EBV-associated HLH. With this case report, we intend to highlight the relevance of the HScore in the diagnosis of HLH, to create a greater awareness for EBV as a trigger of HLH, and to demonstrate the importance of treating EBV-associated HLH as early as possible.

Problem solving in clinical practice: the sick infant with low sodium and high potassium

2020 ◽  
pp. edpract-2019-317756
Author(s):  
Yincent Tse ◽  
Nidhi Singhal ◽  
Leigh McDonald ◽  
Milan Gopal ◽  
Anupam Lall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Many paediatricians will be faced with a sick infant who on investigation is found to have hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia at some time in their career. The focus of initial management includes the treatment of potentially life-threatening hyperkalaemia with concurrent investigation aiming to elucidate whether the underlying cause reflects a primarily renal or endocrine pathology. We describe the presentation of two infants who each presented with one of the more common underlying diagnoses that led to this biochemical disturbance and discuss the approach to immediate treatment, diagnostic work-up and longer term management.

Acute heart failure: diagnosis

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1911-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan A. Voors ◽  
Piotr Ponikowski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Acute heart failure is a life-threatening medical condition typically leading to urgent hospital admission. Early diagnosis is of great importance, since it will lead to earlier and better targeted treatment, leading to a decrease in length of hospital stay, and most importantly to improved clinical outcome. The initial diagnostic work-up includes a clinical history, evaluation of symptoms and signs, an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, natriuretic peptide levels, echocardiography and perhaps lung ultrasound. After the initial work-up, a clinical classification according to blood pressure, congestion, and peripheral perfusion should be performed, since it will guide treatment. During the diagnostic work-up, treatable and life-threatening conditions always need to be considered since they need immediate and case-specific treatment.

scholarly journals Phenotypical variability of post-partum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matosevic ◽  
Martin Furtner ◽  
Michael Knoflach ◽  
Christoph Schmidauer ◽  
Georg Wille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Phenotypical Variability ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is recognized increasingly as a complication of the postpartum period. Our series of four cases illustrates its phenotypical variability, summarizes the diagnostic work-up, and outlines potential treatment strategies for this usually benign but sometimes disabling and life-threatening disease.

scholarly journals Pubic Osteomyelitis after Treatment for Prostate Cancer A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Els Van Nieuwenhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Surgical Modality ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Osteomyelitis pubis is a known, rare complication related with the treatment of prostate cancer. It can occur after surgery, radiotherapy and after ultrasound therapy. The latency between the treatment modality and the onset of the osteomyelitis is different for all treatment options. Symptoms are mostly subtle and non - specific, causing a delay in the diagnosis. For the diagnostic work - up, clinical examination, laboratory tests and medical imaging are necessary. The irrevocable diagnosis will be made by culture of a bone aspirate. Treatments consist of antibiotic therapy and surgery. The medical condition of the patient and the location of the infection determine the type and extent of the surgical modality.

scholarly journals How to Tackle Tremor – Systematic Review of the Literature and Diagnostic Work-Up

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. G. Buijink ◽  
M. F. Contarino ◽  
J. H. T. M. Koelman ◽  
J. D. Speelman ◽  
A. F. van Rootselaar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Cardiac Paraganglioma: Diagnostic Work Up and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sook ◽  
E. Hamoir ◽  
L. de Levai ◽  
S. Duquenne” ◽  
R. Larbuissotf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

scholarly journals Stroke masquerading as cardiac arrest: the artery of Percheron

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238681
Author(s):  
Megan Quetsch ◽  
Sureshkumar Nagiah ◽  
Stephen Hedger
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Altered Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Consciousness Level ◽  
Artery Of Percheron ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

The artery of Percheron (AOP) is a rare arterial variant of the thalamic blood supply. Due to the densely packed collection of nuclei it supplies, an infarction of the AOP can be devastating. Here we highlight a patient who had an AOP stroke in the community, which was initially managed as cardiac arrest. AOP strokes most often present with vague symptoms such as reduced conscious level, cognitive changes and confusion without obvious focal neurology, and therefore are often missed at the initial clinical assessment. This case highlights the importance of recognising an AOP stroke as a cause of otherwise unexplained altered consciousness level and the use of MRI early in the diagnostic work-up.

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