Spatial variation in helminth community structure in the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufaL.): effects of definitive host density

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CALVETE ◽  
J. A. BLANCO-AGUIAR ◽  
E. VIRGÓS ◽  
S. CABEZAS-DÍAZ ◽  
R. VILLAFUERTE
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Community ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Parasite Communities

Parasite community ecology has recently focused on understanding the forces structuring these communities. There are few surveys, however, designed to study the spatial repeatability and predictability of parasite communities at the local scale in one host. The purpose of our study was to address the relationship between infracommunity and component community richness, and to describe spatial variations on the local scale, of helminth parasite communities in an avian host, the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). We sampled 235 wild partridges from 8 separate localities, with different partridge population densities, in the Ciudad Real and Toledo provinces of central Spain, and we determined their overall and intestinal helminth species. We found that habitat variables (mean temperature and land use) were not significantly associated with any component community. The partridge population abundance index was directly correlated with the prevalence and mean intensity of infection but not with component community species richness. There was a curvilinear relationship between infracommunity and component community species richness, as well as negative interspecific associations, for the helminth species assemblage parasitizing the intestine. A nestedness/anti-nestedness pattern, considered as part of a continuum, was associated with prevalence, mean intensity and partridge population abundance index, but not with component community richness. Increases in the partridge population abundance index and the prevalence and mean intensity of infection were associated with increases in helminth community nestedness. Although negative interactions between helminth species could not be ruled out as forces structuring helminth communities, our results suggest that parasite community structure in the red-legged partridge was primarily determined by the extrinsic influence of parasite habitat heterogeneity and its amplification of the differing probabilities of colonization of parasite species.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Violante-González ◽  
Scott Monks ◽  
Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro ◽  
Nataly G. Santos-Bustos ◽  
Princessa J. Villalba-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Local Fluctuations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.

Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

scholarly journals Helminth community structure of the oven frog Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hamann ◽  
Cynthya González ◽  
Arturo Kehr
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Component Community ◽  
The City ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractA total of 36 adult individuals of Leptodactylus latinasus were collected near the city of Corrientes, Province of Corrientes in Argentina. The main goals of this study were: (1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of L. latinasus; (2) to determine the richness and diversity of parasites at the component and infracommunity levels; (3) to analyze the relationships between helminth, frog body size and sex, and (4) to identify and examine species affinity of helminth communities. The helminth component community of this frog’s population consisted of 17 species. The predominant groups of parasites were the trematodes (adults: Glypthelmins repandum, Catadiscus inopinatus and Haematoloechus longiplexus; larvae: Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides, Styphlodora sp., unknown opisthogonimid species, Petasiger sp. and unknown strigeid species), followed by the nematodes (Cosmocerca podicipinus, C. parva, C. rara, C. cruzi, Schrankiana schranki and Aplectana hylambatis); other groups of parasites were represented by only one species (unknown larval cestode species and Centrorhynchus sp.). All parasite helminth species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The most infected organs were kidneys, small intestine, large intestine and pharyngeal zone. The host body size was important in determining the parasites abundance of G. repandum. At the level of component community G. repandum was the species with highest prevalence of infection and Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides was the dominant species. Helminth species showed four significant pairs of covariation and two significant pairs of association in the infracommunities of Leptodactylus latinasus.

scholarly journals Helminth Parasite Communities of Two Scorpaena spp. (Scorpaenidae) From Reefs of Veracruz, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza ◽  
Sandra Edith Badillo-López ◽  
Isabel Araceli Amaro-Espejo ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico

Scorpaena brasiliensis and S. plumieri are relevant fish species in reef systems, but little is known about their parasitic helminth communities and their structure. This paper describes such community in terms of species richness and diversity. A helminthological study was conducted on 33 specimens of S. brasiliensis and 36 S. plumieri, captured in the Pajaros and Cabezo Reefs, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. The helminth community structure was analyzed in both host species. A total of 10 parasitic species was registered in S. brasiliensis (5 digeneans, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalan), while S. plumieri hosted 11 species (4 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 1 cestode, 4 nematodes, 1 acanthocephalan), with 8 common species. The species with the highest prevalence were Pseudocapillaria (Icthyocapillaria) sp., with 18.2% and 19.4% in S. brasiliensis and S. plumieri, respectively. Component community richness for S. brasiliensis was S = 10, with Shannon index diversity value of H’ = 2.08. For S. plumieri, such values were of S = 11 and H’ = 1.91. Richness and diversity in the component and infracommunity levels for both hosts are lower than in other parasite communities of marine fishes in the southern Gulf of Mexico.

scholarly journals Metazoan parasite communities of two deep-sea elasmobranchs: the southern lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, and the largenose catshark, Apristurus nasutus, in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Juan F. Espínola-Novelo ◽  
Rubén Escribano ◽  
Marcelo E. Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Component Community ◽  
New Host ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Patagonian Toothfish ◽  
Dissostichus Eleginoides ◽  
By Catch

Two deep-sea shark species were obtained as by-catch of the local fishery of the Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, at depths ranging from 1000 to 2200 m off central and northern Chile. A total of 19 parasite taxa were found in 133 specimens of the southern lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, (n = 120) and largenose catshark, Apristurus nasutus, (n = 13). Fourteen taxa (four Monogenea, one Digenea, four Cestoda, one Nematoda, two Copepoda, one Annelida and one Thecostraca) were found in E. granulosus, whereas five taxa (one Monogenea, two Cestoda and two Nematoda) were found in A. nasutus. Representatives of Cestoda showed higher values of prevalence and a greater intensity of infection; this pattern is consistent with reports for elasmobranchs, but the monogenean richness was higher than that previously reported for related deep-sea sharks. Regarding E. granulosus, a positive and significant correlation between host length and abundance was found for six (four ectoparasites, one mesoparasite, and one endoparasite) of the 14 taxa recorded, but prevalence was significantly correlated with host length only for the monogenean Asthenocotyle sp. Although the sample size for A. nasutus was limited, we compared richness, abundance, diversity and evenness at the infracommunity and component community levels. All of these variables were higher for E. granulosus, but at the infracommunity level, abundance was higher for A. nasutus. All the parasite taxa (except two) represent new host and geographical records.

Composition and structure of helminth communities in eels Anguilla anguilla from Italian coastal lagoons

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Kennedy ◽  
D. Di Cave ◽  
F. Berrilli ◽  
P. Orecchia
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure

AbstractThe composition and diversity of total and intestinal helminth component and infracommunities were determined in eels Anguilla anguilla from four shallow coastal lagoons near Rome. The lagoons differed principally in respect of their salinity. Only Lake Burano still received an input of freshwater, and both freshwater and marine helminth species were found in eels. In the other three lagoons all helminth species were marine or euryhaline and communities were dominated by digeneans. At component community level these three lagoons were far more similar to each other than to Lake Burano, but this distinction almost disappeared at infracommunity level. Species richness and diversity declined with increasing salinity at component community level but not at infracommunity level. Despite the changes and differences in helminth community composition, intestinal helminth infracommunity structure was very similar in all four lagoons and to that in eels from freshwater localities in Britain. The findings thus provide further and unexpected support for the view that some factor(s) other than supply side ones must be operating to produce the fundamental structural similarity in helminth communities in eels.

scholarly journals Helminth community dynamics in a population of Pseudopaludicola pocoto (Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from Northeast-Brazilian

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De S. Silva ◽  
R. W. Ávila ◽  
D. H. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Abstract Climatic variation in low latitudes influences the dynamics and structure of parasite communities. Environmental changes caused by dry and rainy seasons alter prevalence and abundance of endoparasite communities. In addition to providing a list of the helminth species associated with the swamp frog Pseudopaludicola pocoto, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rainfall and temperature on parasitological descriptors of helminths associated with P. pocoto in an area of the semiarid zone. A total of 817 swamp frog specimens were collected between 2013 and 2017, with four sampling expeditions during the dry season and four during the rainy season. Environmental parameters of temperature and rainfall were compared to the parasitological descriptors of prevalence, abundance and mean infection intensity of the parasite community using a multivariate linear regression. A richness of eight parasite species was identified, including Nematoda (Rhabdias sp., Cosmocerca parva, Oxyascaris oxyascaris, Physaloptera sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Spiroxys sp. and unidentified nematode) and Acanthocephala (cystacanths). Rainfall levels had a significant effect on the infection intensity of Rhabdias sp. being the presence of this species higher during the rainy season, whereas no influence of temperature was observed on the helminth community.

scholarly journals Helminth community structure and diet of three Afrotropical anuran species: a test of the interactive-versus-isolationist parasite communities hypothesis

Web Ecology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Akani ◽  
L. Luiselli ◽  
C. C. Amuzie ◽  
G. N. Wokem
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract. The interactive-versus-isolationist hypothesis predicts that parasite communities should be depauperated and weakly structured by interspecific competition in amphibians. A parasitological survey was carried out to test this hypothesis using three anuran species from Nigeria, tropical Africa (one Bufonidae; two Ranidae). High values of parasite infection parameters were found in all three species, which were infected by nematodes, cestodes and trematodes. Nonetheless, the parasite communities of the three anurans were very depauperated in terms of number of species (4 to 6). Interspecific competition was irrelevant in all species, as revealed by null models and Monte Carlo permutations. Cluster analyses revealed that, in terms of parasite community composition, the two Ranidae were similar, whereas the Bufonidae was more different. However, when prevalence, intensity, and abundance of parasites are combined into a multivariate analysis, each anuran species was clearly spaced apart from the others, thus revealing considerable species-specific differences in terms of their parasite communities. All anurans were generalists and probably opportunistic in terms of dietary habits, and showed no evidence of interspecific competition for food. Overall, our data are widely consistent with expectations driven from the interactive-versus-isolationist parasite communities hypothesis.

scholarly journals Helminth diversity in Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) in two Amazon Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 4005-4015
Author(s):  
Pedro Hercílio de Oliveira Cavalcante ◽  
Maralina Torres da Silva ◽  
Aldenice de Nazaré Silva Pereira ◽  
Rosana Gentile ◽  
Cláudia Portes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Environmental Characteristics

AbstractStructure of the helminth community and analyses of helminth population parameters of Pimelodus blochii collected in the Xapuri River in comparison with those in the Acre River were evaluated. Eight adult helminth species were found parasitizing P. blochii in the Acre River: the nematodes Orientatractis moraveci, Rondonia rondoni, Philometroides acreanensis, Cucullanus (Cucculanus) pinai pinai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus, Rhadochona acuminata, and Brasilnema sp., and the trematode Dadaytrema oxycephala. For Xapuri’s fishes, nine helminth species were found: the nematodes O. moraveci, R. rondoni, C. (C.) pinai pinai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus, P. (S.) pimelodus, R. acuminata, Brasilnema sp., and Cystidicolidae gen. sp., and the trematode D. oxycephala. Nematode and Acanthocephala larvae were also reported. Helminth abundance, prevalence, and diversity were influenced by seasonality and locality (river). The helminth parasites from Acre’s fishes formed a subset of the helminth community of the Xapuri’s. The results indicate an influence of the environmental characteristics of the rivers on the helminth community structure and diversity. This is the first study of the parasite community of P. blochii in the Xapuri River. The paretheses of (Spirocamallanus) and (S.) should not be in italics all along the text and tables.

scholarly journals Ecology and parasitism of the lizard Tropidurus jaguaribanus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna P. Alcantara ◽  
Cristiana Ferreira-Silva ◽  
José Guilherme G. Sousa ◽  
Robson W. Ávila ◽  
Drausio H. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Parasite Abundance

Ecology and parasitism of the lizard Tropidurus jaguaribanus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from northeastern Brazil. Specimens of Tropidurus jaguaribanus were collected as part of a study of their use of microhabitats, activity period, body temperature, diet, foraging, sexual dimorphism (in size and in form), reproductive biology, and parasite community composition. The preferential microhabitat of the species is the surface of rocks (saxicolous habit). The species has a bimodal diurnal activity period and a seasonal reproductive cycle. The diet is composed mainly of beetles and ants in adults and juveniles. The species is a sit-and-wait forager; the lizards scarcely move and feed on sedentary, immobile prey. The helminth community associated with these lizards is composed of fve species: Oochoristica travassosi, Parapharyngodon alvarengai, Physaloptera sp., Spauligodon sp., and Strongyluris oscari. The prevalence, intensity of infection, and parasite abundance is the same in both sexes.

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