scholarly journals Prorocentrum rivalis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its phylogenetic affinities inferred from analysis of a mixed morphological and LSU rRNA data set

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Delmail ◽  
Pascal Labrousse ◽  
Philippe Crassous ◽  
Philippe Hourdin ◽  
Mathieu Guri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lsu Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractA new freshwater epiphytic Prorocentrum species, Prorocentrum rivalis, from the temperate region of the Haute-Vienne, France, is described. This species is the third freshwater species identified among approximately 60 marine Prorocentrum species. This new species is described using scanning electron microscope and phylogenetic analyses by a polyphasic approach (LSU rRNA sequences combined with 9 morphological characters). The phylogenetic analysis attests that P. rivalis is close to other planktonic freshwater species and the freshwater Prorocentrum clade is evolutionarily derived from an epiphytic freshwater prorocentroid ancestor. The unique marine species in the freshwater clade results from an ecophysiological reversion. P. rivalis differs from other epiphytic taxa by its rarity, its temperate distribution and its ecophysiological needs. The phylogeny confirms also that all planktonic Prorocentrum species are evolutionarily derived from epiphytic/benthic ancestors.

Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
Kaoru Maeto ◽  
Alejandro Zaldivar-Riverón ◽  
Sergey Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Asian genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, a small and understudied group within the hymenopteran family Braconidae, is revised. A new genus exclusively from the Asian region, Asiabregma gen. nov., containing three species (A. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (type species, Japan and Malaya), A. makiharai sp. nov. (Japan) and A. sulaensis (van Achterberg), comb. nov. (Indonesia)) is described. One new species of Aulosaphobracon, A. striatus sp. nov. from Vietnam, and one of Facitorus, F. amamioshimus sp. nov. from Japan, are also described. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA and 28S rRNA sequences, the three genera previously placed in the tribe Facitorini, Facitorus, Conobregma and Jannya, together with Asiabregma gen. nov., are transferred to the rogadine tribe Yeliconini.

scholarly journals The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae: Culicini): a cautionary account of conflict and support

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Kitching ◽  
C. Lorna Culverwell ◽  
Ralph E. Harbach
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Data Support

Lutzia Theobald was reduced to a subgenus of Culex in 1932 and was treated as such until it was restored to its original generic status in 2003, based mainly on modifications of the larvae for predation. Previous phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular data have provided conflicting support for the generic status of Lutzia: analyses of morphological data support the generic status whereas analyses based on DNA sequences do not. Our previous phylogenetic analyses of Culicini (based on 169 morphological characters and 86 species representing the four genera and 26 subgenera of Culicini, most informal group taxa of subgenus Culex and five outgroup species from other tribes) seemed to indicate a conflict between adult and larval morphological data. Hence, we conducted a series of comparative and data exclusion analyses to determine whether the alternative positions of Lutzia are due to conflicting signal or to a lack of strong signal. We found that separate and combined analyses of adult and larval data support different patterns of relationships between Lutzia and other Culicini. However, the majority of conflicting clades are poorly supported and once these are removed from consideration, most of the topological disparity disappears, along with much of the resolution, suggesting that morphology alone does not have sufficiently strong signal to resolve the position of Lutzia. We critically examine the results of other phylogenetic studies of culicinine relationships and conclude that no morphological or molecular data set analysed in any study conducted to date has adequate signal to place Lutzia unequivocally with regard to other taxa in Culicini. Phylogenetic relationships observed thus far suggest that Lutzia is placed within Culex but further data and extended taxon sampling are required to confirm its position relative to Culex.

Phylogenetic overview of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveals Elektroepyrinae, a new fossil subfamily

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
WESLEY D. COLOMBO ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
CELSO O. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

The flat wasps, Bethylidae, are cosmopolitan and one of the most diverse families of Chrysidoidea. Bethylidae have 2,920 described extant species and almost 90 fossil species. The oldest geological record of the family is the Lower Cretaceous, from Lebanese and Spanish ambers and Transbaikalian rock fossils. Here we describe and illustrate one new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae: †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by †Elektroepyris Perrichot & Nel from the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France), which was cladistically assessed against all other eight subfamilies of Bethylidae. The new taxon is easily distinguished from other subfamilies by the forewing venation with the third abscissa of Cu present. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of all subfamilies of Bethylidae, with a matrix with 69 morphological characters and 22 terminal taxa from where †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. emerged as independent lineage from all other subfamilies.

A new genus and a major temperate bamboo lineage of the Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Sri Lanka based on a multi-locus plastid phylogeny 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Attigala ◽  
Jimmy K. Triplett ◽  
Hashendra-Suvini Kathriarachchi ◽  
Lynn G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Cpdna Markers ◽  
Combined Data

Kuruna, a new temperate woody bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Arundinarieae) genus from Sri Lanka, is recognized based on chloroplast sequence data from five markers (coding: ndhF 3’ end; non-coding: rps16-trnQ, trnC-rpoB, trnD-trnT, trnT-trnL). This genus represents the twelfth major lineage of temperate woody bamboos and is characterized by pachymorph culm bases with short necks, unicaespitose clumps, culm leaf girdles ca. 1 mm wide, usually abaxially hispid culm leaves with non-irritating hairs, persistent foliage leaf sheaths, complete branch sheathing and acute to biapiculate palea apices. Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of a combined data set consistently strongly supported the monophyly of this Sri Lankan temperate woody bamboo clade. Although the Kishino-Hasegawa test is unable to reject the alternative hypothesis of monophyly of the Sri Lankan clade plus Bergbambos tessellata from South Africa, Kuruna and Bergbambos are distinguishable by a combination of morphological characters. A few additional cpDNA markers not previously used in phylogenetic analyses of Arundinarieae were tested to evaluate their utility in this taxonomically difficult tribe.

scholarly journals Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Zhang ◽  
Jian-Kui Liu ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Anusha H. Ekanayaka ◽  
Zuo-Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Karst Terrains

Karst formations represent a unique eco-environment. Research in the microfungi inhabiting this area is limited. During an ongoing survey of ascomycetous microfungi from karst terrains in Guizhou Province, China, we discovered four new species, which are introduced here as Hypoderma paralinderae, Terriera karsti, T. meitanensis and T. sigmoideospora placed in Rhytismataceae, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Molecular analyses, based on concatenated LSU-ITS-mtSSU sequence data, were used to infer phylogenetic affinities. Detail descriptions and comprehensive illustrations of these new taxa are provided and relationships with the allied species are discussed, based on comparative morphology and molecular data.

Extreme diversity in fine-grained morphology reveals fourteen new species of conopeate Nitzschia (Bacillariophyta: Bacillariales)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 401 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER S. LOBBAN ◽  
MATT P. ASHWORTH ◽  
JERILYN J.M. CALAOR ◽  
EDWARD C. THERIOT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Exposed Part ◽  
Data Length

A study was made of the ultrastructural variation in a group of conopeate Nitzschia species, primarily marine species from Guam but also including one freshwater species from Costa Rica. Fourteen new species are described: Nitzschia alcyoneae, Nitzschia asteropeae, Nitzschia carahii, Nitzschia celaenoae, Nitzschia dagmannii, Nitzschia electrae, Nitzschia guamensis, Nitzschia jordanii, Nitzschia lascrucensis, Nitzschia maiae, Nitzschia meropeae, Nitzschia schefterae, Nitzschia spathulatoides, and Nitzschia taygeteae. The valves in all these taxa had a central raphe-sternum on a raised keel; from the keel arise silica flaps, the conopea, and the valve face was depressed below the conopea to form conopeal canals. The valve surface was thus differentiated into three regions, in which the areola pattern sometimes differed: the exposed valve face, the valve depression, and the peri-raphe zone, i.e., the exposed part of the keel wall between the conopeum and the raphe-sternum. We refer to this suite of characters as the tholophora (canopy-bearing) morphology. In one species, N. maiae sp. nov., the conopea occurred only at the apex and there was no valve depression. Thirty-eight morphological characters were used in addition to the usual morphometric data (length, width, densities of striae and fibulae); these included, inter alia, a remarkable range of areola shapes on the three valve regions and the copulae—oval/circular pores, transapical slits, longitudinal slits, small pores fields, continuous pores fields, and larger quadrate pores closed by hymenes or cribra; the extent of the conopea along the valve; the presence of longitudinal ribs on the valve, conopea, or copulae; and the extent of internal development of silica below the striae. Phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences from six species was entirely congruent with analysis of morphological characters.

A revised molecular phylogeny reveals polyphyly in Schistura (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4559 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE SGOUROS ◽  
LAWRENCE M. PAGE ◽  
SARAH A. ORLOFSKE ◽  
ROBERT C. JADIN
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Combined Data

There is a general consensus that the genus Schistura (Nemacheilidae), currently with 241 species, is not monophyletic. However, weak morphological synapomorphies and a lack of genetic data for most species of Schistura and their presumptive relatives have prevented meaningful diagnoses of species groups within this genus. To aid in deciphering evolutionary relationships, sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and D-loop) were implemented in phylogenetic analyses for species of Schistura and other nemacheilids for which data from earlier studies and recently collected material were available. This analysis of 67 nemacheilid species, including 28 species of Schistura, provides the most comprehensive phylogeny of Nemacheilidae to date. In the phylogenetic tree for the combined data set, species of Schistura clustered in three clades. One clade contained 14 species of Schistura and Sectoria heterognathos and was sister to Homatula. A second clade of 11 species of Schistura was in a larger clade with Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi and Nemacheilus corica. The third clade contained three species, all from the Mae Khlong basin of Thailand. Taxonomic implications of these results are discussed; however, a more taxon-rich dataset and nuclear sequence data are needed before making taxonomic changes. 

scholarly journals The effects of fossil taxa, hypothetical predicted ancestors, and a molecular scaffold on pseudoextinction analyses of extant placental orders

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257338
Author(s):  
Peggy L. Brady ◽  
Mark S. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Molecular Scaffold ◽  
Hypothetical Ancestor

Pseudoextinction analyses, which simulate extinction in extant taxa, use molecular phylogenetics to assess the accuracy of morphological phylogenetics. Previous pseudoextinction analyses have shown a failure of morphological phylogenetics to place some individual placental orders in the correct superordinal clade. Recent work suggests that the inclusion of hypothetical ancestors of extant placental clades, estimated by ancestral state reconstructions of morphological characters, may increase the accuracy of morphological phylogenetic analyses. However, these studies reconstructed direct hypothetical ancestors for each extant taxon based on a well-corroborated molecular phylogeny, which is not possible for extinct taxa that lack molecular data. It remains to be determined if pseudoextinct taxa, and by proxy extinct taxa, can be accurately placed when their immediate hypothetical ancestors are unknown. To investigate this, we employed molecular scaffolds with the largest available morphological data set for placental mammals. Each placental order was sequentially treated as pseudoextinct by exempting it from the molecular scaffold and recoding soft morphological characters as missing for all its constituent species. For each pseudoextinct data set, we omitted the pseudoextinct taxon and performed a parsimony ancestral state reconstruction to obtain hypothetical predicted ancestors. Each pseudoextinct order was then evaluated in seven parsimony analyses that employed combinations of fossil taxa, hypothetical predicted ancestors, and a molecular scaffold. In treatments that included fossils, hypothetical predicted ancestors, and a molecular scaffold, only 8 of 19 pseudoextinct placental orders (42%) retained the same interordinal placement as on the molecular scaffold. In treatments that included hypothetical predicted ancestors but not fossils or a scaffold, only four placental orders (21%) were recovered in positions that are congruent with the scaffold. These results indicate that hypothetical predicted ancestors do not increase the accuracy of pseudoextinct taxon placement when the immediate hypothetical ancestor of the taxon is unknown. Hypothetical predicted ancestors are not a panacea for morphological phylogenetics.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships in the southern African genus Drosanthemum (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Liede-Schumann ◽  
Guido W. Grimm ◽  
Nicolai M. Nürk ◽  
Alastair J. Potts ◽  
Ulrich Meve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

AbstractBackgroundDrosanthemum, the only genus of the tribe Drosanthemeae, is widespread over the Greater Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa. With 114 recognized species, Drosanthemum together with the highly succulent and species-rich tribe Ruschieae constitute the ‘core ruschioids’ in Aizoaceae. Within Drosanthemum, nine subgenera have been described based on flower and fruit morphology. Their phylogenetic relationships, however, have not yet been investigated, hampering understanding of monophyletic entities and patterns of geographic distribution.MethodsUsing chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data, we performed network- and tree-based phylogenetic analyses of 73 species represented by multiple accessions of Drosanthemum. A well-curated, geo-referenced occurrence data set comprising the phylogenetically studied and 867 further accessions was used to describe the distributional ranges of intrageneric lineages and the genus as a whole.ResultsPhylogenetic inference supports nine clades within Drosanthemum, seven of them group in two major clades, while the remaining two show ambiguous affinities. The nine clades are generally congruent to previously described subgenera within Drosanthemum, with exceptions such as (pseudo-) cryptic species. In-depth analyses of sequence patterns in each gene region revealed phylogenetic affinities not obvious in the phylogenetic tree. We observe a complex distribution pattern including widespread, species-rich clades expanding into arid habitats of the interior (subgenera Drosanthemum p.p., Vespertina, Xamera) that are molecular and morphologically diverse. In contrast, less species-rich, molecularly less divergent, and morphologically unique lineages are restricted to the central Cape region and more mesic conditions (Decidua, Necopina, Ossicula, Quastea, Quadrata, Speciosa). Our results suggest initial rapid radiation generating the main lineages, with some clades showing subsequent diversification.

Kotumsaridae, a new family of subterranean amphipod crustaceans from India, with description of Kotumsaria bastarensis, new genus, new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED MESSOULI ◽  
JOHN R. HOLSINGER ◽  
Y. RANGA REDDY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Kotumsaridae, a new family of amphipod crustaceans is described from Kotumsar Cave in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. The family is based on Kotumsaria bastarensis, new genus and species, which is the only known member of the new family recorded to date. Although the new family appears to share some morphological characters with several other taxa from the southern hemisphere considered members of the superfamily Crangonyctoidea, including the New Zealand endemic genus Paracrangonyx, both its taxonomic and phylogenetic affinities remain unclear. Specimens of the new taxon, measuring just over 2 mm in length, were collected from the sediments of a pool in Kotumsar Cave but are believed to have migrated from deeper interstices. Kotumsaria bastarensis is only the third subterranean amphipod recorded to date from the Indian subcontinent.

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