scholarly journals Recruitment infrastructure within the agricultural and agrifood sector: Post-Soviet and neocolonial entanglements between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-77
Author(s):  
Dina Bolokan
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Labor Recruitment ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought into focus how nationstates manage to shut down borders while maintaining flexible labor recruitment. This challenging situation provoked more public discussion around inequalities within the agricultural and agrifood sector. However, reflections around labor conditions have remained limited. I argue that instead of merely pointing to certain aspects of the current labor conditions and demanding more regulations, a different point of departure is urgently needed. Through a genealogical approach to recruitment and rotation, this article aims to further politicize the discussion around the current recruitment infrastructure in the agricultural and agrifood sectors in Europe. I do this with my research on labor migration from Moldova to the European Union and Switzerland, where I consider the hypermobile life trajectories of workers within the agricultural sector. I am interested in the structures, goals and biopolitical implications as well as the involved ideologies that accompany the laws and regulations of the legal framework of such hypermobility between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe. I show how the involved citizenship laws and circular migration policies reveal entanglements through time and space that lead to neocolonial and post-Soviet regimes of labor control within Europe.

scholarly journals More Competitiveness of the Port of Koper Through Supply Chain Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Igor Trupac ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe ◽  
Strategic Goal

With the European Union growing eastwards and with the establishment of important production facilities in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the hinterland potential is bound to grow even more. The strategic goal of the Port of Koper is to become one of the best ports in the Southern Europe, to develop from a handling port into a commodity distributional centre. Penetrating and exploiting these markets demands cooperation (integration) with the existing inland terminals (logistic centres) and establishing of new ones positioned between Eastern and Western Europe. This paper aims to present and analyse: (I) supply chains of the flow of goods through the Port of Koper to/from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, (II) the current state and strategies to optimize the flow of goods, (III) market potential, investments in new terminals and capacities. KEY WORDS: Port of Koper, strategies, goals, supply chains, integration, new terminals, market potential, investments

Circular Migration between Fact and Fiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 184-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schneider ◽  
Bernd Parusel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Third Country Nationals

Political actors in the European Union and in the eu member states have arrived to maintain that managed circular migration can generate benefits both for the destination countries and for the countries of origin of the migrants. Despite the fact that Germany so far has barely engaged in fostering circular migration through distinct programmes, a not inconsiderable share of foreigners from third countries living in Germany today can be viewed as circular migrants. This paper takes an inventory of the extent and characteristics of such spontaneous back-and-forth cross border movements by providing a specific, clear-cut definition for circular migration and thus analysing stock data on third country nationals residing in Germany. Furthermore, we scrutinise the German legal framework with a view to its propensity to encourage patterns of circular migration.

Council of Europe

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Session ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

Responding to an invitation issued in May 1951, fourteen members of the Congress of the United States met in Strasbourg on November 20, 1951 in a special session with twenty members of the Council of Europe. The United States delegation included Senators Benton, Green, Henrickson, Hickenlooper, Humphrey, McMahon and Wiley and Representatives Cox, Ellsworth, Judd, Keating, O'Toole, Reams and Smith. Council representatives were Mssrs. Spaak (Belgium), Brentano (Germany), Boothby (United Kingdom), Crosbie (Ireland), Gerstenmaier (Germany), Glenvil-Hall (United Kingdom), Jacini (Italy), Kieft (Netherlands), Mercouris (Greece), de Menthon (France), Moe (Norway), Mollet (France), Ohlin (Sweden), Parri (Italy), Reynaud (France), Schmid (Germany), Treves (Italy), Urguplu (Turkey), de VallePoussin (Belgium), and Lord Layton (United Kingdom). The session was to discuss “the European Union, its problems, progress, prospects, and place in the Western world”; specifically the agenda included: 1) the economic aspects of rearmament; 2) the political aspects of European defense; 3) the dollar gap and trade between eastern and western Europe; and 4) the problem of refugees and emigration.

(Counter-)Narrating European integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Martin Seeliger
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

In order to maintain social standards within the European Union, trade unions have to overcome national differences to form common political positions. Especially against the background of the recent enlargement rounds, the crafting of such positions has become a daunting task. In this context, the European Services Directive has posed an important challenge to trade unions: The so-called ‘country of origin principle’ implied that workers were supposed to be employed in line with the standards of the sending- and not the receiving country. After lengthy discussions between representatives from Eastern and Western Europe, the trade unionists managed to form a joint political line and forced the European Commission to remove the principle. In order to challenge the hegemonic neoliberal narrative of the common market bringing freedom and prosperity to the countries of Europe, the article will show how the counternarrative of a European Social Model served as a reference frame for this joint position.

scholarly journals “Acceptable” Cartels at the Crossroads of EU Competition Law and the Common Agricultural Policy: A Legal Inquiry into the Political, Economic, and Social Dimensions of (Strengthening Farmers’) Bargaining Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-422
Author(s):  
K. J. Cseres
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Political Economic

Why does the European Union (EU) law allow for special treatment of the agricultural sector? Which exceptions exist in applying the EU competition rules in this sphere, and how has their interpretation evolved? How do these derogations address the fragmented nature of the agricultural sector and strengthen farmers’ bargaining powers, and what are the justifications for doing so? These are the questions that the current article seeks to answer, by analyzing the specific constitutional constellation of the EU’s agricultural policy alongside its competition rules. This article critically analyzes how derogations in the field of agriculture have developed in a market-oriented way, yet an unresolved tension remains with the objectives of the Treaty’s competition rules. This article revisits this tension and its underlying legal framework by taking account of the risk of political capture as well as of relevant socioenvironmental externalities, most notably environmental and social sustainability, which could shape its transformation in the future.

scholarly journals The Development of Legislation on the Social Economy in Continental Western Europe

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Macías Ruano ◽  
José Ramos Pires Manso
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Under Construction

One of the main instruments for local development is the regulatory legal framework of the so-called Social Economy, a term and concept that is yet to be fully defined. The society’s approach to the generation of wealth encompasses different concepts, movements, approaches, and ways of acting, all of which pose a challenge to the determination of a precise definition. Within the European Union (E.U.), a common legislative base has been developed, although the specific legislation developed by each Member State has been uneven. The legislation may have started from the same common principles, but each country has adopted different legal forms. This work aims to outline the diverse ways of legislating on a concept that is still under construction and within similar legal frameworks, illustrating the lack of harmony between European states that, despite the sharing of borders and having common legislative foundations, distance themselves in the final legislation, a situation that does not benefit the economic unity of entrepreneurs with social principles.

scholarly journals Vocational Training of Future Agricultural Specialists: European Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Vitalii Barbinov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The Usa

AbstractThe article focuses on vocational training of future agricultural specialists in the context of European experience. Thus, theoretical framework of the research has been thoroughly justified. It includes the prominent documents of European authorities such as the Charter of European Agricultural Education, CAP context indicators for 2014–2020, European Parliament’s publications, Eurostat statistics such glossary of farmers training level terms, as well as respected researches of many European scholars (A. Miceli, A. Moore, M. Mulder et al.). It has been found that European approach to organizing vocational training of future agricultural specialists is rather multiaspect and strives to fulfill educational needs of majority of learners, namely, through practical agricultural training, basic agricultural training and full-time agricultural trainings. It has been clarified that more and more young people realize the importance of the agricultural sector to the overall prosperity of the European Union; therefore they seek quality vocational training based on relevant vocational schools. It has been stated that European Union constantly develops various strategies for developing the agricultural sector, in particular through enhancing quality of future agricultural specialists’ vocational training. It has been defined that despite the fact that low incomes, certain risks, uncertainties in an economic environment due to globalization processes may somehow discourage younger generations to pursue career in agriculture, the CA implements different mechanisms for sustaining stable development of agricultural education. It has been specified that such countries as France and Germany regularly update the content of agricultural education so that it takes into account the trends in vocational training of future agricultural specialists opportunity and allows applying the most advanced teaching technologies, promoting knowledge significance, widening access to all levels of education, implementing a system of lifelong learning, individualizing agricultural education. It has been outlined that the prospects for further studies are seen in studying the most important aspects in the legal framework of the agricultural education system in innovative experience of European countries, the USA, Canada, Australia, etc.

How to compare now

Legal Studies ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Legrand
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

It is apt to say that Europe, or at least the Europe of the European Union, is currently experiencing a comparative moment. To quote from Nietzsche, ours is the ‘age of comparisons’. For the first time, the two legal traditions represented in Western Europe – known to anglophones as the ‘civil law’ and the common law - find themselves interacting with one another within a general legal framework, that of the Treaty of Rome. Of course, there has long been mutual influences and interferences. For instance, one can convincingly argue that the ancient common law was but a by-product of an earlier form of the civil law. In the words of Raoul van Caenegem:

scholarly journals Religious Education in Public Schools in Western Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Mercedes Llorent-Vaquero
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
The Right

Christianity is one of the cultural and ethical cornerstones of Europe. In the European Union (EU) there is no overarching policy on religious education (RE) in the school system. The authors use a comparative methodology to analyze the constitutions of Western European countries in relation to different aspects of RE. Specifically, it is focused in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Whereas the right to religious freedom for all is clearly established in these constitutions, obvious differences are revealed in the legal provisions for and attitudes towards religious education. For example, the legal framework of this education has been included in the constitutions of all the analyzed countries, except in the case of France. Also, optional subjects are on offer in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, however no alternative subjects to RE are on offer in Austria. In this sense, the authors defend that it is essential to open up the academic dialogue about religious and spiritual issues.

scholarly journals Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej w świetle wybranych mierników

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Indexes ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

The aim of this article is to show spatial disparities in the level of regional socio-economic development of the European Union, basing on selected demographic, social and economic indexes derived from the Eurostat database. For the comparison, EFTA regions as well as some candidate countries (Croatia) were taken into account. The analysis was made with the help of taxonomic methods, namely the taxonomic development index as well as cluster analysis based on the k-means method. The analysis confirmed existing disparities between eastern and western Europe, “old” and “new” European Union members, as well as between core and peripheral regions. The largest differences were recorded in terms of gross domestic product per inhabitant and household income. Having taken into account the period under study, it may be stated that the process of enlarging of EU leads to deepening of disproportion between its regions. The highest level of regional development was presented by the belt of urbanized area with the population of nearly 90 million, stretching from England through the Benelux countries, northern France, middle and southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland to northern Italy, called Blue Banana, Hot Banana, European Megalopolis or European Backbone.Existing demographic and socio-economic disparities between UE regions pose a challenge for regional policy to enhance its social, economic and territorial cohesion on one hand and to increase competitiveness between regions on the other, by investments in economy based on knowledge, increasing entrepreneurship, as well as increasing the potential in the R&D sector and developing IT technology.

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