Secondary Tumor Arising in a Nevus Sebaceous

Abstract Introduction. Nevus sebaceous is a rare congenital hamartoma, composed of epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles. It is possible to develop secondary tumors in the area of nevus sebaceous during the lifetime, most often after puberty. Secondary lesions are most often benign, while malignant lesions may occur but significantly less frequently. Case report. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient who came for an examination due to the appearance of a nodule in the area of a yellowish lesion on the head. The yellowish lesion was present since birth, and the nodule appeared about a year before. The dermoscopic examination of the lesion was nonspecific. The final diagnosis of eccrine poroma as a secondary lesion in nevus sebaceous was made by pathohisto-logical analysis. Conclusion. Every secondary tumor in nevus sebaceous deserves full attention, with either close follow up, or excision with pathohistological analysis.

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A Morphological and Histological Investigation of the Sinus Interdigitalis in Konya Merino Sheep

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i8.1509-1513.4339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1509-1513

Author(s):

Zekeriya Özüdoğru ◽

Ramazan İlgün ◽

Derviş Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicles ◽

The Body ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Histological Investigation ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Merino Sheep ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Histological Characteristics ◽

Neck Part

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.

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Comparative Study on Distribution of Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in Skin of Different Domestic Animals

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4228 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shweta Raghav ◽

Varinder Uppal ◽

Anuradha Gupta

Keyword(s):

Total Body Weight ◽

Vital Role ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

The Body ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Paraffin Block ◽

The Difference ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for 15-20% of the total body weight and acts as a barrier between the external and internal environment and maintain homeostasis.The sweat and sebaceous glands in dermis of skin play vital role in developing the adaptive ability to the heat stress. Besides this, the distribution pattern and number of these glands vary in different animals that may aid in identification of different species.Methods: The study was conducted on abdominal skin of 36 adult cattle, buffalo, horse, goat, pig and dog (six sample of each) collected from abattoir, Veterinary clinics and post-mortem hall of GADVASU, Ludhiana. After collection, the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for paraffin block preparation. The paraffin sections of 5-6 µm were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Result: The study revealed that the sebaceous glands were multilobular, alveolar glands comprised of several layers of epithelial cells and were associated with hair follicles in all species studied. The number of sebaceous glands/mm2 was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in goat (1.60± 0.11) than in pig (0.44±0.06) whereas sebaceous gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in buffalo (109.83±6.14 µm) than in goat (61.16 ±2.42 µm).The sweat glands were of saccular and simple coiled tubular type and most of them were associated with hair follicles. The number of sweat glands/mm2 was the highest in horse (3.10 ± 0.24) and the least in buffalo (0.76 ±0.05). Sweat gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) maximum in buffalo (123±3.15 µm) and minimum in goat (50.33 ±2.85 µm) and the difference.

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HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN. XV. SITES OF PHOSPHORYLASE AND AMYLO-1,6-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/6.3.201 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

RICHARD A. ELLIS ◽

WILLIAM MONTAGNA

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

External Auditory Meatus ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

The Body ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Stratum Spinosum ◽

Peripheral Cells ◽

Eccrine Sweat Glands

The localization of phosphorylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity has been studied in surgical specimens of human skin from the palm, sole, axilla, external auditory meatus, and other representative regions of the body. With few exceptions these enzymes are found in cells which are known to contain glycogen normally. The epidermis shows some variability, but amylo-1,6-glucosidase is generally present in the stratum spinosum, while phosphorylase is found in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum. The relative amounts of the enzymes vary with the thickness of the epidermis and with the age of the donor. Growing hair follicles have abundant phosporylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in their outer root sheaths, while resting ones contain only phosphorylase. A short portion of the epidermal duct of the eccrine sweat glands has no enzymatic activity, but the remainder of the duct and the secretory portion of the gland is richer in phosphorylase than any other structure of the skin. The apocrine sweat glands have neither enzyme in their secretory coils, but the duct of these glands is rich in phosphorylase. Time sebaceous glands contain both enzymes, but phosphorylase is more concentrated in the peripheral cells of the gland. Neither the centers of the glands nor the sebum contain either enzyme.

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Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1330467 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 467-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

R. Choudhry ◽

M. B. Hodgins ◽

T. H. Van der Kwast ◽

A. O. Brinkmann ◽

W. J. A. Boersma

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Target Cells ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Dermal Papillae

ABSTRACT A mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of human androgen receptor (AR) was used to identify receptors by immunoperoxidase staining in frozen serial sections of skin from scalp, face, limb and genitalia of men and women aged 30–80 years. AR staining was restricted to cell nuclei. In sebaceous glands, AR were identified in basal and differentiating sebocytes. The percentage of receptor-positive basal sebocyte nuclei in the temple/forehead region was greater in males (65%) than in females (29%). AR staining was restricted to the cells of dermal papillae in anagen and telogen hair follicles. The percentage of dermal papillae containing AR was greater in males (58%) than in females (20%). The number of positively stained dermal papillae was lowest in female scalp skin. In 163 hair follicles sectioned, AR were absent from germinative matrix, outer root sheath (including the bulge region), inner root sheath, hair shaft and hair bulb, and from the capillaries present in some large dermal papillae. AR were present in pilosebaceous duct keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilosebaceous duct keratinization. AR were also identified in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts although, in both cell types, intensity and frequency of staining were greatest in genital skin. AR were identified in luminal epithelial cells of apocrine glands in genital skin and in certain cells of the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands in all body sites. This study indicates that androgens regulate sebaceous gland and hair growth by acting upon two different types of target cells, the epithelial sebocytes of sebaceous glands and the mesenchymal cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla. AR staining in either cell type was not influenced by age in adults. The distribution of AR in human skin is consistent with the diverse effects of androgens on the structure and function of skin and its appendages. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 467–475

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Integumentary glands of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus): Sciuridae

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z78-054 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 374-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Keith Kivett

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicles ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Secretory Process ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Anal Glands ◽

Spermophilus Columbianus ◽

Columbian Ground Squirrels ◽

Dorsal Gland ◽

Volar Surface

The integumentary glands of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) were examined histologically. In addition to sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, gland complexes were found in the oral angle, dorsal, and anal regions. The oral angle gland, located immediately posterior to the oral angle, was an apocrine-type gland consisting of three lobes each drained by a separate duct. Approximately 60 individual, oval-shaped glands, extending posterior from the scapular region, made up the dorsal gland field. These glands exhibited an apocrine secretory process and were drained by single ducts. The anal glands were located in retractable papillae near the anal aperture, one median ventral and two lateral. Equal portions of sebaceous and apocrine elements made up the anal glands. Sweat glands were found on the volar surface of the foot pads. Gland structure and location are discussed in relation to behavior patterns that appear to involve secretions from these glands. Possible functions of scent from these integumentary glands are considered briefly.

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DISTRIBUTION OF ANDROGEN METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN ISOLATED TISSUES OF HUMAN FOREHEAD AND AXILLARY SKIN

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0790029 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 29-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

J. B. HAY ◽

M. B. HODGINS

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Apocrine Glands ◽

Androgen Metabolism ◽

Isolated Tissues

The distribution of androgen metabolism in human skin was studied using tissues isolated either by direct dissection of axillary skin or by dissection of collagenase-digested forehead and axillary skin. All tissues (epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and dermis) were found to contain 17β-, 3β- and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Δ4–5 isomerase (Δ5-3β-HSD) activity and 5α-reductase activity. All tissues converted testosterone into 5α-dihydrotestosterone. In confirmation of previous histochemical studies, over 90% of the Δ5-3β-HSD of forehead skin was found in the sebaceous glands. In forehead skin, 40–66% of the 5α-reductase activity was in the sebaceous glands, while in axillary skin 50–70% was in the sweat glands, especially the apocrine glands. There was a more even distribution of 17β-HSD activity in skin tissues than histochemical studies have indicated previously. Knowledge of the distribution of these enzymes has helped in the understanding of the function of androgen metabolism in skin.

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Development of horns in merino sheep

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9730153 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

AG Lyne ◽

DE Hollis

Keyword(s):

Hair Growth ◽

Dermal Papilla ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Merino Sheep ◽

Female Foetus ◽

Connective Tissue Sheath ◽

Hair Formation ◽

Dermal Papillae

Development of horns has been studied in 20 foetuses ranging in age from 55 to 144 days of gestation, and in 16 lambs, ranging in age from birth to 42 days. Samples from one adult have also been examined. An increase in the thickness of the epidermis appears to be the first indication of horn development, recognizable in a 75-day-old male foetus and in an 84-day-old female foetus. Primary hair follicles develop in the horn region and produce emerging hairs, but these follicles later degenerate and disappear. The sweat glands and sebaceous glands formed in association with these follicles also degenerate, usually after hair growth has ceased. Fusion of primary follicles is a common feature in the horn growing skin, particularly before hair formation; a common connective tissue sheath surrounds the lower parts of these fused follicles. No secondary follicles are formed in the horn region but some branching of the primary follicles has been observed. By 118 days of gestation the epidermis in the horn region becomes greatly thickened, with very long dermal papillae which are well vascularized and innervated. Medulla-like columns of cells are formed above each dermal papilla and these cells keratinize later than the cells between the columns. These medullary cells remain in contact with each other longer than do the other cells of the horny sheath. Numerous arteriovenous anastomoses, which develop at two levels in the dermis of the horn region, are in continuity with capillaries which enter the dermal papillae of the epidermis. An outgrowth of bone from the frontal region of the skull, which later becomes the bony core of the horn, is first seen in a male foetus at 118 days. Acetylcholinesterase-positive branched cells (Langerhans cells), present in the lower part of the thick epidermis of developing horns, are not discernible in fully formed horns.

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Ultrastructural morphology of the epidermis of the dog with generalized demodectic mange

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103905 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 368-369

Author(s):

F. Al-Bagdadi ◽

C. Foil

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Demodex Mite ◽

Ultrastructural Morphology ◽

Medicine Clinic ◽

Normal Environment ◽

The Subject

The canine skin is considered a normal environment for the Demodex mite (Scott et al, 1974). The parasite dwells in the hair follicles and sometimes the sebaceous glands of the skin (Muller et al, 1983) and occasionally inhabits the apocrine sweat glands (Scott, 1979). No mention of the mite nesting within the epidermis has been made. The life cycle of the mite and the eruption of the disease is an unresolved puzzle. The majority of the articles written on the subject deal with the treatment of the disease. No mention of the epidermal changes in infected dogs has been made. It is necessary to explore the ultrastuctural changes of the skin for the hope of a better understanding of the disease and the mites inhabitation of the epidermis which has not been documented nor mentioned in the literature.Three short haired dogs with canine generalized Demodectic mange (CGDM) have been studied at the School of Veterinary Medicine clinic at L.S.U. and were treated during 1981-1985.

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ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS IN ALLERGIC HUMAN TISSUES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.112.5.725 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 725-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ben Z. Rappaport

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Toluidine Blue ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Reaginic Antibodies

The skin of atopic patients contains specific reaginic antibodies in all epidermal cells, in unchallenged as well as antigen-challenged areas. The reagins are also present in the epithelial cells of sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles and also in macrophages and pericytes. Judged by staining characteristics, their immunologic reaction in tissues with antigen is identical with that of rabbit antibodies. Comparison of tissues stained with conjugated reagins and conjugated anti-human globulin antibodies demonstrates the close relationship of reagins and globulins. In antigen-challenged tissues the macrophages and pericytes become enlarged and stain more intensely with toluidine blue. No such changes in morphology or staining are present in histamine-tested or unchallenged atopic tissues.

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