scholarly journals Interaction Between Certain Moulds and Aflatoxin B1 Producer Aspergillus Flavus NRRL 3251

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Cvetnić ◽  
Stjepan Pepeljnjak
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Biotic Interaction ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Interaction Between Certain Moulds and Aflatoxin B1ProducerAspergillus FlavusNRRL 3251The objective of this study was to evaluate biotic interaction between some mould species and active producer of aflatoxin B1Aspergillus flavusNRRL 3251, co-cultured in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) broth. Twenty-five mould strains ofAlternariaspp.,Cladosporiumspp.,Mucorspp.,A. flavusandA. niger, used as biocompetitive agents, were isolated from outdoor and indoor airborne fungi, scrapings of mouldy household walls, and from stored and post-harvest maize. Aflatoxin B1was extracted from mould biomasses with chloroform and detected using the multitoxin TLC method. The results confirm antagonistic interaction between all strains tested. WithAlternariaspp. andCladosporiumspp., aflatoxin B1production decreased 100 %, compared to detection in a single culture ofA. flavusNRRL 3251 (Cmean=18.7 μg mL-1). In mixed cultures withMucorspp., aflatoxinB1levels dropped to (5.6-9.3) μg mL-1, and the inhibition was from 50 % to 70 %. Four of five aflatoxin non-producing strains ofA. flavusinterfered with aflatoxin production in mixed culture, and reduced AFB1productivity by 100 %. One strain showed a lower efficacy in inhibiting AFB1production (80 %) with a detectable amount of AFB13.7 μg mL-1when compared to control. A decrease in toxin production was also observed in dual cultivation withA. nigerstrains. It resulted in 100 % reduction in three strains), 90 % reduction in one strain (Cmean=1.9 μg mL-1) and 80 % reduction in one strain (Cmean=3.7 μg mL-1) inhibition.

Effects of Potassium Sorbate on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus1

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 940-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in the presence of potassium sorbate at 12°C were studied. Potassium sorbate at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% delayed or prevented spore germination and initiation of growth, and slowed growth of these organisms in yeast-extract sucrose broth at 12°C. Increasing concentrations of sorbate caused more variation in the amount of total mycelial growth and generally resulted in a decrease in total mycelial mass. Potassium sorbate also greatly reduced or prevented production of aflatoxin B1 by A. parasiticus and A. flavus for up to 70 d at 12°C. At 0.10 and 0.15% of sorbate, aflatoxin production was essentially eliminated. A 0.05% sorbate, aflatoxin production was greatly decreased in A. flavus over the control, but only slightly decreased in A. parasiticus.

Effect of Laminarin on Aspergillus Flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1168-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Bin Hu ◽  
Hong Bo Li ◽  
Jun Liang Sun ◽  
Jie Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Mycelium Growth

Control of aflatoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem. Laminarin from Laminaria digitata is one kind of polysaccharides with multiple biological activities. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of Laminarin on the growth and toxin production of A. flavus was studied. The results indicated that 150 and 200 µg/mL of Laminarin ccould significantly inhibit the aflatoxin production in Sabouraud liquid medium (Sab), without affecting mycelium growth. In addition, the results also showed that certain concentration Laminaria could decrease the infection of peanut seeds by A. flavus as well as the contamination by aflatoxin B1.

Effects of Nutrients and Inhibitors in Olives on Aflatoxigenic Molds1

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 959-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDELMAJID MAHJOUB ◽  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and Aspergillus flavus NRRL 6555 were studied on fresh olives, fresh olives supplemented with nutrients, and fresh olives treated with heat, lye, and freezing temperatures. Studies were also done on yeast extract sucrose agar (YESA) either mixed with chopped fresh olives or made with aqueous extracts of fresh and treated olives. Samples were incubated at 25°C for 7 d. Olive paste supplemented with zinc and sucrose supported little growth and no aflatoxin B1 production. Amino acids, yeast extract, and a combination of zinc, carbohydrate, and amino acids exhibited extensive growth and moderate amounts of aflatoxin. Fresh and frozen olive pastes supported poor growth and no aflatoxin production. Heat- and lye-treated olives supported extensive growth and little aflatoxin production. Heavy growth and moderate amounts of aflatoxin B1 were supported by YES A mixed with olive pastes. YES A made with aqueous extracts of olives supported extensive growth and moderate toxin production, except on YES A made with extract from frozen olives which exhibited poor growth and low toxin amounts. A. flavus grew similarly to A. parasiticus but was unable to produce any aflatoxin except on heat- and lye-treated olives, where traces were detected. Olives are a poor substrate for mold development and may contain inhibiting substances against growth and aflatoxin production.

Inhibition of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi by Welsh Onion Extracts

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. FAN ◽  
J. H. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Welsh onion ethanol extracts were tested for their inhibitory activity against the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The survival of spores of A. flavus and A. parasiticus depended on both the extract concentration and the exposure time of the spores to the Welsh onion extracts. The mycelial growth of two tested fungi cultured on yeast extract–sucrose broth was completely inhibited in the presence of the Welsh onion ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml during 30 days of incubation at 25°C. The extracts added to the cultures also inhibited aflatoxin production at a concentration of 10 mg/ml or permitted only a small amount of aflatoxin production with extract concentration of 5 mg/ml after 2 weeks of incubation. Welsh onion ethanol extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects against the two tested aflatoxin-producing fungi than did the same added levels of the preservatives sorbate and propionate at pH values near 6.5.

Control of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production with spices in culture medium and rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aiko ◽  
A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Cinnamon, cardamom, star anise and clove were studied for their effect on growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) synthesis. The experiments were carried out in yeast extract sucrose culture broth as well as in rice supplemented with spices. AFB1 produced was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, cardamom and star anise did not exhibit any antifungal or anti-aflatoxigenic activity in culture broth, whereas cinnamon and clove inhibited A. flavus growth completely. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon and clove were 4 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Concentrations of cinnamon and clove below their minimum inhibitory concentrations showed enhanced fungal growth, while AFB1 synthesis was reduced. Clove inhibited the synthesis of AFB1 significantly up to 99% at concentrations ≥1.0 mg/ml. The spices also inhibited AFB1 synthesis in rice at 5 mg/g, although fungal growth was not inhibited. Clove and cinnamon inhibited AFB1 synthesis significantly up to 99 and 92%, respectively, and star anise and cardamom by 41 and 23%, respectively. The results of this study suggest the use of whole spices rather than their essential oils for controlling fungal and mycotoxin contamination in food grains.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantitation of Aflatoxin for the Diagnosis of Aspergillus flavus

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Rajbhandari Shrestha ◽  
Amin Udhin Mridha
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Aflatoxins are the potent mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, which is hepatotoxic causing hepatocellular carcinoma. A. flavus produces sufficient amount of Aflatoxin B1 under favourable environments. Inhalation of spores and use of Aflatoxin B1, contaminated food by Aspergillus spp., could transfuse the toxins in the blood streams. The presence of these toxins in body fluid can be detected by immunological assays and which provides an effective technique for the diagnosis of the disease caused by A. flavus. Aflatoxins producing strain of A. flavus were screened in Aflatoxin Producing Medium. Production of Aflatoxin B1 by A. flavus was studied in different parameters such as incubation periods, temperatures, pH variations, sucrose concentration in Yeast Extract Sucrose medium and different natural media such as par-boiled rice, corn and groundnuts. The detection of toxins was done by TLC using silica gel (Merk) coated plates and confirmative test was done by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. Presence and quantization was done by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Highest amount of Aflatoxin B1 was reported 68.56 ng/ml by ELISA in synthetic medium (Yeast Extract Sucrose) with 2% sucrose, pH 5.5, on 14th days of incubation, at 28±1°C (p-value 0.05). Similarly, highest amount was recorded in groundnuts (121.20ng/g) by ELISA and (500ng/kg) by TLC methods. ELISA is one of the most efficient methods used for detection and diagnosis of human diseases cause due to exposure of Aflatoxin B1 and A. flavus.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 6-9

EFFECT OF LOW DOSE GAMMA IRRADIATION ON GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS1

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Bullerman ◽  
T. E. Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Irradiation Level ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Spores and growing vegetative mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus strains NRRL 2999 and NRRL 3000 were irradiated at 100 and 200 Krad, and the effects on growth and aflatoxin production in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) broth were measured. Irradiation of growing mycelia reduced subsequent growth in YES broth by a greater amount than irradiation of spores. Irradiation of spores at 100 Krad resulted in more B1 and G1 production by strain NRRL 2999 than the non-irradiated control, however, strain NRRL 3000 produced less aflatoxins B1 and G1 after irradiation at 100 Krad than its non-irradiated control. Spores of both strains irradiated at 200 Krad produced less aflatoxins B1 and G1 than non-irradiated controls. Irradiation of growing vegetative mycelia of both strains at 100 and 200 Krad resulted in a definite decline in both aflatoxins B1 and G1 in subsequent cultures at each irradiation level. Apparent stimulation of production of both B1 and G1 occurred after irradiation of spores of strain NRRL 2999 at 100 Krad. However, the variation of the values as determined by the standard deviation was such that one would conclude that no differences existed among means. The apparent stimulation was slight and of much less magnitude than that which has been reported by other investigators using A. flavus. No stimulation of toxin production was observed with the other strain when grown from irradiated spores or with either strain when vegetative mycelia were irradiated.

scholarly journals Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on Gene Expression in Aspergillus Flavus Producer Aflatoxin B1

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud Deabes ◽  
Wagdy Khalil Bassaly Khalil ◽  
Ashraf Gamil Attallah ◽  
Tarek Ahmed El-Desouky ◽  
Khayria Mahmoud Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose ◽  
Quantitative Pcr Assay

AIM: In this study, we evaluated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) through assessment the transcription activity of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes in Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mRNAs were quantitative by Real Time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of A. flavus grown in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium containing AgNPs. Specific primers that are involved in the AFB1 biosynthesis which highly specific to A. flavus, O-methyltransferase gene (omt-A), were designed and used to detect the fungus activity by quantitative PCR assay. The AFB1 production (from A. flavus growth) which effected by AgNPs were measured in YES medium by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTS: The AFB1 produced by A. flavus have the highest reduction with 1.5 mg -100 ml of AgNPs were added in media those records 88.2%, 67.7% and 83.5% reduction by using AgNP HA1N, AgNP HA2N and AgNP EH, respectively. While on mycelial growth give significantly inhibitory effect. These results have been confirmed by qRT-PCR which showed that culture of A. flavus with the presence of AgNPs reduced the expression levels of omt-A gene.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, AgNPs inhibit growth and AFB1 produced by Aspergillus flavus ATCC28542. This was confirmed through RT-PCR approach showing the effect of AgNPs on omt-A gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin Production on Apiarian Substrates

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Jo Ann L Hilldrup ◽  
Thomas Eadie ◽  
Gerald C Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Brood Comb

Abstract Unprocessed honey, Lilium longiflorium pollen, brood comb, whole larvae, and whole bees were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251, A. flavus ATCC 15548, and A. parasiticus NRRL 2999. The fungi grew, sporulated, and produced various amounts of aflatoxin on all substrates except the unprocessed honey. The largest quantity of aflatoxin B1 was produced on whole larvae supporting A. flavus NRRL 3251 growth. A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 growing on whole larvae produced the most aflatoxin G1. Aflatoxins B2 and G2 were seldom detected. Apiarian substrates with the exception of honey seem capable of supporting fungal growth and resultant aflatoxin production.

Mycoflora and Aflatoxin-Producing Strains in Animal Mixed Feeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. ABARCA ◽  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
G. CASTELLÁ ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The mycoflora of 69 samples of animal mixed feeds were studied. Fungal counts ranged from 102 to 108 CFU/g, the lowest counts corresponding to the samples of rabbit feeds. Seventy-one fungal species belonging to 26 genera were identified. The pre- dominant species were Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Thirty-six strains of A. flavus and one strain of A. parasiticus were screened for aflatoxin production in yeast extract-sucrose medium. The final pH, weight of mycelium, and production of aflatoxins were determined after 14 days of incubation. Five strains (13.5%) were aflatoxigenic. No statistical differences were observed in mycelial dry weights and final pH between aflatoxin-producing strains and nonaflatoxigenic strains.

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